Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in North Korean Defectors: A Scoping Review

Objective@#Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent among North Korean defectors. This scoping review aimed to appraise the measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that assess PTSD among North Korean defectors. @*Methods@#A systematic search was conducted using Research Information Sharing Service, ScienceON, PubMed, and Embase from their inception up to September 15, 2022. Each measurement properties of the included PROMs were evaluated using COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology. First, the methodological quality of each study on measurement properties was evaluated using the COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist. Second, the result of each single study on a measurement property was rated against the updated criteria for good measurement properties. @*Results@#After screening the articles, nine instruments from 40 studies were included. Among these instruments, Impact of Event ScaleRevised was the most frequently used (13 studies [38.1%]), followed by the Trauma Scale for North Korean Refugees, PTSD Checklist, and Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. The theoretical basis of all PROMs was secure in terms of content validity. The most frequently tested characteristics in measurement properties for internal structure were internal consistency, criterion validity, and convergent validity. No study reported sufficient structural validity as confirmatory factor analysis results with a model fit. @*Conclusion@#There is insufficient evidence to support the recommendation of a specific PROM for use among North Korean defectors with PTSD.

Role of Oxytocin in Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review

Purpose@#Recently, oxytocin has been introduced experimentally as a pharmacological treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study attempted to investigate the possibility of oxytocin as a treatment option for patients with PTSD by examining its dose, interval, and effectiveness in patients with PTSD. @*Methods@#A systematic review was done on articles published from 1967 to 2020 using the PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases. Our inclusion criteria were 1) subjects 18 years of age or older diagnosed with PTSD or exposed to a traumatic event that met criterion A of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) for PTSD, 2) oxytocin was administered at least once, 3) clinical trials, and 4) studies published in Korean or English. Two independent researchers reviewed 22 articles and recorded the contents. The risk of bias was evaluated to determine the quality of the reviewed article. @*Results@#The parameters for evaluating the effectiveness of oxytocin were identified as socio-behavioral measures in 11 articles, neuronal imaging in 9, and biomarkers in 4. In 5 papers, oxytocin was administered multiple times. Socio-behavioral measures were improved in 3 out of 5 studies in which oxytocin was administered multiple times. In 2 studies in which prolonged exposure treatment and nasal oxytocin administration were combined for 10 weeks, patient symptoms were decreased compared to the control group. @*Conclusion@#The possibility of oxytocin as an adjuvant treatment for PTSD psychotherapy was confirmed. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the long term effectiveness of administering oxytocin multiple times combined with psychotherapy.

Protective Effect of Xiangsha Yuyang Decoction on Oxidative Injury in Rats with Gastric Ulcer Based on p62/Keap1/Nrf2 Signal Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To confirm the protective effect of Xiangsha Yuyang decoction on acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer model rats and explore its mechanism， so as to provide experimental basis for clinical drug use. Method:The 60 SPF Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups： group， model group， high， middle and low dose groups of Xiangsha Yuyang decoction and omeprazole control group. The rat model of gastric ulcer was induced by acetic acid. The rats in the high， middle and low dose groups of Xiangsha Yuyang decoction were intragastrically administered at the dose of 28，14，7 g·kg^-1， and with omeprazole at the dose of 4.17 g·kg^-1in normal saline， respectively. The rats in the blank group and model group were intragastrically infused with the same volume of normal saline once a day. After 14 days of continuous treatment， the rats were killed， the blood was collected， the area and inhibition rate of gastric ulcer were measured and calculated， the histopathological sections of gastric mucosa were made and the state of gastric mucosal injury was observed， and the changes of gastric mucosal repair factor， gastric tissue related protein， oxidative stress factor and inflammatory factor in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Detected the expression of p62 Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-related protein 1 （Keap1）， nuclear transcription factor E2 related factor 2 （Nrf2） and heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） signal pathway-related proteins in gastric mucosa by Western blot. Result:Compared with control group， the gastric mucosa of the model group showed obvious pathological changes and a large number of leukocytes infiltrated. In model group， the ulcer area was significantly increased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the contents of mucin mucoprotein 5AC （MUC5AC）， epidermal growth factor （EGF）， superoxide dismutase （SOD） and increased prostaglandin E₂ （PGE₂） were significantly decreased（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the gastrin （GAS）， 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine （8-OHdG）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， tumor necrosis factor-<italic>α</italic> （TNF-<italic>α</italic>）， cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2） were significantly increased. The expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 protein decreased significantly（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， the content of Keap1 increased significantly （<italic>P</italic><0.05）， and the expression of p62 protein decreased. Compared with model group， the hierarchical structure of cells in Xiangsha Yuyang decoction high dose group and omeprazole group were clearer and regular， middle and low dose groups could also repair gastric mucosa to a certain extent. The high and middle dose groups of Xiangsha Yuyang decoction could significantly reduce the gastric ulcer area of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer rat model （<italic>P</italic><0.01） and increase the ulcer inhibition rate. It can effectively promote the expression of MUC5AC and EGF in gastric mucosa， decrease the level of GAS（<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic>P</italic><0.01）， decrease the level of 8-OHdG and MDA， increase the activity of SOD（<italic>P</italic><0.01）， decrease the expression level of TNF-<italic>α</italic> and COX-2， increase the content of PGE₂， and significantly increase the amount of Nrf2 and HO-1 protein in gastric mucosa（<italic>P</italic><0.01）. The high dose group of Xiangsha Yuyang decoction could decrease the protein expression of Keap1（<italic>P</italic><0.05） and increase the expression of p62 protein. Conclusion:Xiangsha Yuyang decoction is effective in the treatment of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer model rats， which can effectively reduce the ulcer area， increase the ulcer inhibition rate and protect the ulcer tissue. Its mechanism may be related to activating p62/Keap1/Nrf2 signal pathway and regulating the expression of related genes so as to improve inflammatory response and regulate oxidative stress response.

Trends in Brain Imaging Research on Refugees with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Scoping Review

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends and find whether Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) of refugees could affect structural or functional changes of brains of those under MRI, focusing on volumes, functional connectivities, and metabolites. @*Methods@#A literature search was done using PubMed, Embase, RISS, and KMBase to identify studies that matched our research purpose. A total of eight studies were identified using Prisma flow diagram by two reviewers independently. @*Results@#Eight studies were identified. Three studies were on North Korean defectors as subjects. The number of studies that observed structural changes, functional changes, and metabolite changes in brains was 2, 5, and 2, respectively. Although each study observed various parts of the brain, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was observed commonly in three studies. The PTSD group showed reduction of ACC volume and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) metabolite in ACC compared to the non- PTSD group. When exposed to negative stimuli, the PTSD group showed higher neural activity than the non-PTSD group, but not vice versa. @*Conclusion@#ACC showed significant difference in volume, neural activity, and NAA metabolite between the PTSD and the non-PTSD group, resulting in significant differences in structural changes, functional changes, metabolite changes, respectively. This study showed the need for conducting more research using various biomarkers to clarify the relationship between PTSD of refugees and their brain changes.

Trends in Brain Imaging Research on Refugees with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Scoping Review

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to analyze research trends and find whether Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) of refugees could affect structural or functional changes of brains of those under MRI, focusing on volumes, functional connectivities, and metabolites. @*Methods@#A literature search was done using PubMed, Embase, RISS, and KMBase to identify studies that matched our research purpose. A total of eight studies were identified using Prisma flow diagram by two reviewers independently. @*Results@#Eight studies were identified. Three studies were on North Korean defectors as subjects. The number of studies that observed structural changes, functional changes, and metabolite changes in brains was 2, 5, and 2, respectively. Although each study observed various parts of the brain, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) was observed commonly in three studies. The PTSD group showed reduction of ACC volume and N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) metabolite in ACC compared to the non- PTSD group. When exposed to negative stimuli, the PTSD group showed higher neural activity than the non-PTSD group, but not vice versa. @*Conclusion@#ACC showed significant difference in volume, neural activity, and NAA metabolite between the PTSD and the non-PTSD group, resulting in significant differences in structural changes, functional changes, metabolite changes, respectively. This study showed the need for conducting more research using various biomarkers to clarify the relationship between PTSD of refugees and their brain changes.

circ_0000144 targeting miR-502-5p to regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of human retinoblastoma Y79 cells / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate whether circular RNA(circRNA)circ_0000144 targets microRNA(miRNA)-502-5p to regulate the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of human retinoblastoma Y79 cells. <p>METHODS: Y79 cells were divided into si-NC group(transfected with si-NC), si-circ_0000144 group(transfected with si-circ_0000144), miR-NC group(transfected with miR-NC), miR-502-5p group(transfected with miR-502-5p mimic), pcDNA group(transfected with pcDNA), pcDNA-circ_0000144 group(transfected with pcDNA-circ_0000144), si-circ_0000144+anti-miR-NC group(transfected with si-circ_0000144+anti-miR-NC), si-circ_0000144+anti-miR-502-5p group(transfected with si-circ_0000144+anti-miR-502-5p). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of circ_0000144 and miR-502-5p in retinoblastoma tissues and cells, thiazole blue tetrazolium bromide(MTT)detected cell proliferation, and western blot was employed to determine the expression of nuclear associated antigen Ki67(Ki-67), B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax), matrix metalloprotease(MMP)-2, MMP-9 protein. Flow cytometry detected cell apoptosis, and Transwell measured cell migration and invasion. Bioinformatics prediction and dual luciferase report experiment analyzed whether circ_0000144 targets miR-502-5p. <p>RESULTS: The expression of circ_0000144 in 31 cases of retinoblastoma tissue was higher than that of adjacent tissues, and the expression of miR-502-5p was lower than that of adjacent tissues(<i>P</i><0.05). Compared with the si-NC group, the circ_0000144 expression, OD value, expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2, MMP-2, MMP-9 protein, number of migration and invasion cells of the Y79 cells in the si-circ_0000144 group decreased, and the expression of Bax protein and apoptosis rate increased(<i>P</i><0.05). circ_0000144 targets and negatively regulates the expression of miR-502-5p. Compared with miR-NC group, miR-502-5p group increased cell apoptosis rate and expression of Bax protein of the Y79 cells, while decreased OD value, number of migration and invasion cells, and the expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein(<i>P</i><0.05). Compared with the si-circ_0000144+anti-miR-NC group, cell apoptosis rate and Bax protein expression of the Y79 cells in the si-circ_0000144+anti-miR-502-5p group decreased, but the OD value, number of migration and invasion cells, the protein expression of Ki-67, Bcl-2, MMP-2 and MMP-9 increased. <p>CONCLUSION: circ_0000144 was highly expressed in retinoblastoma tissue, and inhibiting circ_0000144 can reduce the proliferation, migration and invasion of retinoblastoma Y79 cells, and promote apoptosis through negative regulation of miR-502-5p.

Efficacy of Moxifloxacin against in Zebrafish Model / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Moxifloxacin (MFX) shows good activity against and can be a possible antibiotic therapy to treat infection; however, other studies have shown a lower or no activity. We aimed to evaluate MFX activity against using zebrafish (ZF) model .@*Methods@#A formulation of labeled with CM-Dil was micro-injected into ZF. Survival curves were determined by recording dead ZF every day. ZF were lysed, and colony-forming units (CFUs) were enumerated. Bacteria dissemination and fluorescence intensity in ZF were analyzed. Inhibition rates of MFX and azithromycin (AZM, positive control) were determined and compared.@*Results@#Significantly increased survival rate was observed with different AZM concentrations. However, increasing MFX concentration did not result in a significant decrease in ZF survival curve. No significant differences in bacterial burdens by CFU loads were observed between AZM and MFX groups at various concentrations. Bacterial fluorescence intensity in ZF was significantly correlated with AZM concentration. However, with increasing MFX concentration, fluorescence intensity decreased slightly when observed under fluorescence microscope. Transferring rates at various concentrations were comparable between the MFX and AZM groups, with no significant difference.@*Conclusion@#MFX showed limited efficacy against using ZF model. Its activity needs to be confirmed.

Factors Affecting Quality of Life in Patients with Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysm: A Systematic Review / 기본간호학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore factors affecting quality of life in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA). @*Methods@#This study was conducted base on the National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). To search studies related to quality of life in patients with UIA. KoreaMed, Kmbase, Kiss, Pubmed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central and CINAHL were used. Key words were 'unruptured intracranial aneurysm', 'quality of life' and 'well-being'. A total of 136 studies were identified. After confirming duplication and abstracts, 15 studies were selected for analysis. @*Results@#As a result, factors affecting the quality of life in patients with UIA were categorized into individual factors, disease related factors, symptom related factors, and functional related factors. The Short form-36 was one of the most frequently used measurements. @*Conclusion@#To improve the quality of life of patients with UIA, researchers need to explore the multiple factors affecting quality of life in patients with UIA, and consider application of tools that can reflect the disease specific quality of life in patients with UIA.

Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) to Improve Emergency Care for Novice Nurses / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: Although emergency care is one of the most important capabilities for novice nurses, many novice nurses have shown difficulty in emergency care in the clinical field. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence data for the future development of educational programs by analyzing the priorities in emergency care of novice nurses using the Importance-Performance Analysis. METHODS: This study was designed as a descriptive survey. The participants were 197 novice nurses who worked in general hospitals from August 1 to 31, 2018. The questionnaire consisted of ‘common emergency care’, ‘cardiovascular emergency care’, ‘nervous system emergency care’, ‘respiratory system emergency care’, ‘communication and teamwork competency’. RESULTS: As a result of this study, ‘communication and teamwork’ among emergency cares was evaluated as the most important capability in the clinical field. In the Importance-Performance Analysis, a total of 12 items were included in the quadrant A, including 5 items related to ‘cardiovascular emergency care’, 4 items to ‘respiratory system emergency care’, 2 items to ‘nervous system emergency care’ and 1 item to ‘common emergency care’. The results showed a need for intensive improvement in items included in quadrant A which are the high importance low performance items. CONCLUSION: In order to improve the emergency care of novice nurses, a variety of emergency care education programs on the nervous system and respiratory system care should be implemented as well as cardiovascular emergency care education.

Breastfeeding Experiences of Taiwanese Mothers of Infants with Breastfeeding or Breast Milk Jaundice in Certified Baby-Friendly Hospitals

PURPOSE: The purpose was to explore the breastfeeding experiences of mothers of infants with breast-feeding or breast milk jaundice. METHODS: In-depth qualitative interviews and content analysis were conducted with nine mothers of newborns with breastfeeding and/or breast milk jaundice who breastfed their babies during the first year postpartum. RESULTS: Mothers' experiences can be described in four phases and six themes. (1) Prenatal stage: build breastfeeding belief, i.e., breastfeeding is best and a natural behavior, without awareness of neonatal jaundice; (2) stage after neonatal jaundice started to appear: include two themes, questioning beliefs in breastfeeding and happiness in being a mother. Mothers lacked knowledge and ignored the threat of neonatal jaundice, mainly focused on their physical discomforts and worried about insufficient breast milk; they also felt an intimate mothereinfant bond through breastfeeding; (3) stage when newborns had confirmed diagnosis of breastfeeding or breast milk jaundice that required medical attention: include two themes, diagnosis of breastfeeding or breast milk jaundice and phototherapy caused negative emotions and regaining original beliefs about breastfeeding. They struggled through emotional swings and inconsistent advices about whether phototherapy and formula supplementation are needed. Then, they decided breastfeeding or breast milk jaundice is only temporary and retrieved initial beliefs of breastfeeding. (4) Stage after neonatal jaundice faded and mothers continued breastfeeding: insisting and adapting. CONCLUSION: Breastfeeding mothers were unaware of neonatal jaundice until medical attention was required; they experienced physical and mental distress and gradually learned to manage jaundice while insisting on breastfeeding through their breastfeeding beliefs and happiness in being mothers.

Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy, Symptoms, Distress and Quality of Life among Korean Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the level of oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN), symptoms, distress, and quality of life (QoL) in gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients and to identify the factors influencing QoL.METHODS: A total of 123 patients were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Surveys used were the Therapy-Induced Neuropathy Assessment Scale (TNAS) for OIPN, the MD Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI-GI) for general symptoms associated with gastrointestinal cancer and its treatment, a distress thermometer, and the Euro Quality of Life Questionnaire 5-Dimensional Classification (EQ-5D) for QoL.RESULTS: The patients were classified into three groups based on their treatment completion time (current, completed less than one year ago, completed more than one year ago). The scores of MDASI-GI and distress were significantly lower in patients who had completed chemotherapy compared to those who were undergoing treatment (p=.04 and .02 respectively). However, TNAS score was significantly higher in patients who completed chemotherapy less than one year ago than the other two groups (p=.001). In multivariate regression models, the OIPN and distress or general symptoms were identified as factors associated with QoL.CONCLUSION: In this study, we identified the symptoms that are factors related to the QoL in patients with GI cancer. In particular, the symptoms of OIPN are reported at significantly increased levels for patients who have finished chemotherapy less than one year ago, so efforts to prevent and manage the symptoms of OIPN are needed in this timeframe. To improve QoL of patients with GI cancer, continuous attention and care are required not only during the treatment of cancer but also after the completion of treatment.

Analysis of distribution, phenotype and clinical correlation of CD163 positive macrophages in osteoarthritis / 中华疾病控制杂志

Objective The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution characteristics of CD163+ macrophages in peripheral blood and synovium of patients with osteoarthritis (OA)，and investigate the correlation of CD163+ macrophages, intracellular tumour necrosis factor(TNF-α), interleukin-10 (IL-10) expression with the disease duration, inflammation level and body mass index (BMI). Methods The percentages of CD163+ macrophages in synovium and peripheral blood and their intracellular levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, immunofluorescence was uesed to observe the distribution of CD163+ macrophages in synovial tissue of patients with OA or fracture. Results (1) There were significant differences in the percentage of CD163+ macrophages in synovial and peripheral blood between OA and fracture patients(all P<0.05). (2) The expression of TNF-α in CD163+ macrophages of synovium and blood of OA patients with disease duration below 10 years was significantly higher than that of patients with OA disease duration above 10 years (all P<0.05) . The expression of IL-10 was significantly lower than that of patients with OA disease duration above 10 years (all P<0.05). (3) C-reactive protein (CRP) was positively correlated with BMI in patients with OA disease duration below 10 years (r=0.680， P<0.001), while showed no correlation with BMI in patients with OA duration above 10 years(r=0.084， P=0.187). (4) Immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed a large number of CD163+ macrophages invaded around the synovial vessel of patients with OA. Conclusion The distribution of CD163+ macrophages in synovium and peripheral blood of OA patients with different course of disease was different, and showed differentiated cell subtypes.

Factors Affecting Postoperative Occupational Changes and Sick Leave in Patients with Thyroid Cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Most thyroid cancers progress slowly, have high survival rates, and have good prognosis. Therefore, the management of patients with thyroid cancer should be viewed from a long-term perspective, taking into account a return to normal social life. Cancer patients have a higher risk of unemployment than the general population, and so unemployment can be an economic problem for thyroid cancer patients. However, there have been few studies on factors affecting return to work in thyroid cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to investigate occupational changes and the period of leave of absence for patients with thyroid cancer and to identify factors that affect the return to work after surgery.MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 427 questionnaires of thyroid cancer patients were used for the analysis. The occupational changes and sick leave periods were analyzed according to general characteristics, disease-related characteristics, and side effects.RESULTS: The factors related to occupational change and leave of absence in thyroid cancer patients were sex and type of occupation. Women had more occupational changes and longer leave of absence than men, office workers had the least change in occupation, and professional workers had a longer period of sick leave. Fatigue was the primary side effect that affected the leave of absence.CONCLUSION: Occupation is very important in the life of a thyroid cancer patient. Informing the patient of possible complications and planning proper leave of absence will help the patient return to work and improve the quality of life.

A long-term effect of in situ artificial anal reconstruction using five combined operations / 中华整形外科杂志

Objective@#To explorea long-term effect of in situ artificial anal reconstruction using five-combined-operation technique after lower rectal cancer resection.@*Methods@#After miles operation, 60 patients suffered with lower rectal cancers underwent in situ artificial anal reconstruction using five-combined-operation technique, which included internal and external anal sphincter, rectal flap, rectal angle, and anoperineal reconstruction.@*Results@#All cases in this study were performed successfully, with primary healing in the wounds. Awareness of defecation had reoccurred in all cases since 1 week postoperatively and self-control of defecation had been regained since 3 weeks postoperatively with formed stool excreted once or twice a day. Long-term follow-ups: ①In 95% cases, rectal controlled discharge time was longer than 2 minutes, which was significantly higher than that of sphincter reconstruction group as a control(P<0.05). ② Five-year survival rate reached to 88%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#Anal reconstruction using five-combined operation method after Miles operation could be a safe and effective surgical procedure, which could completely cure tumor, and improve patients′ life quality and long-term survival rate.

Current Pharmacogenetic Approach for Oxaliplatin-induced Peripheral Neuropathy among Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

PURPOSE: Peripheral neuropathy is common among colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who undergo oxaliplatin-based (OXL) chemotherapy. A pharmacogenetic approach can be used to identify patients at high-risk of developing severe neuropathy. This type of approach can also help clinicians determine the best treatment option and prevent severe neurotoxicity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the evidence of pharmacogenetic markers for OXL-induced peripheral neuropathy (OXIPN) in patients with CRC. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted using the following databases up to December 2017: Pubmed, EMBASE, and CINAHL. We reviewed the genetic risk factors for OXIPN in observational studies and randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). All processes were performed independently by two reviewers. RESULTS: Sixteen studies published in English between 2006 and 2017 were included in this review. A genome-wide association approach was used in one study and various candidate genes were tested, based on their functions (e.g., DNA damage or repair, ion channels, anti-oxidants, and nerve growth etc.). The genes associated with incidence or severity of OXIPN were ABCG2, GSTP1, XRCC1, TAC1, and ERCC1. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the need and the importance of conducting pharmacogenetic studies to generate evidence of personalized OXIPN symptoms management. Additional studies are warranted to accelerate the tailored interventions used for OXIPN in patients with CRC (NRF-2014R1A1A3054386).

Effects of long term low-dose manganese exposure on mitochondria morphology and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in testis of offspring rats / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the effect of long term low-dose manganese exposure on testicular spermatogenic cell mitochondria morphology and apoptosis of male offspring rat.Methods Thirty-two healthy female SD rats were divided into the control group,low,middle and high dose groups.2,4 and 8 mg/kg MnCl2 · 4H2 O or normal saline was intraperitoneally injected for 8 weeks(once daily,5 d/week).The manganese exposure continued during the pregnant period and lactation period.Eight 12-week-old offspring male rats were killed in each group,the structure of seminiferous tubules and mitochondria morphology in spermatogenic cells were observed.The expression of Opa1,Drp1 and Caspase9,and the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells were detected.Results With the increase of administered-MnCl2 dosage,the number of spermatogenic cell layers decreased,spermatogenic cells arranged in disorder,the number reduced,etc;the mitochondria separation and swelling of spermatogenic cells were found in the middle and high dose groups;the expression of Opa1 was gradually decreased in the middle and high dose groups(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),while the expression of Drp1 and Caspase9 was gradually increased with the manganese dose increase(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);the apoptotic index of spermatogenic cells in the manganese exposure group was significantly increased with the increase of administeredMnCl2 dosage(P＜0.05).Conclusion Long term low dose of manganese exposure could regulate the expression of Opa1/Drp1 gene and affect the function of mitochondria,leads to apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in male offspring rat.

Snoring as a Risk Factor of Fall in the Community Elderly

OBJECTIVE: Fall is one of major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. It is known that sleep is associated with quality of life in the elderly. Snoring is one of the factors affecting sleep quality. The aim of the study was to examine whether snoring affect fall in the community elderly. METHODS: This survey was performed as a part of the Korean Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, which studied the elderly living in Ganghwa-gun. Fall was defined as any history of fall in the last year through face-to-face interview. We examined the following variables: age, sex, snoring, insomnia, hypertension, diabetes, stroke, bone disease, vision problems, depression, alcohol intake, mini-mental state examination, and body mass index. The data was analyzed by multiple logistic regression to determine the association of fall with the risk factors. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis of 516 participants, the adjusted odd ratios (95% confidence interval) of simple snoring affecting fall was 1.70 (1.10–2.63). In addition, sex (female), age, and diabetes were significantly predicted the fall. CONCLUSION: Our result suggested that snoring could be a risk factor of fall. A more comprehensive study of the relationship between snoring and fall is needed to improve the quality of life of the community elderly.

Interprofessional Education Programs for Nursing Students: A Systematic Review / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate how interprofessional education has been designed, implemented, and evaluated in undergraduate programs in nursing through a systematic review. METHODS: The literature was searched using the PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane central databases to identify interventional studies including teaching-learning activities among nursing students and other disciplines in English between January 2000 and May 2017. Thirty studies were selected for the analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies out of 30 were designed as a pre-post, no control group, quasi-experimental study design. Interprofessional education learners were primarily engaged in medicine, physical therapy, dentistry, occupational therapy, pharmacy, and respiratory therapy. Patient care related activity was the most frequently selected topic and simulation was the most common teaching-learning method. Evaluation of learning outcomes was mainly based on the aspects of teams and collaboration, professional identity, roles and responsibilities, patient care, and communication skills. Nursing students in 26 out of the 30 reviewed studies were found to benefit from interprofessional education, with outcome effects primarily related to changes in learning outcomes. CONCLUSION: The development and integration of interprofessional education with collaborative practices may offer opportunities in nursing education for training professional nurses of the future.

Characterization and fungal community of antler dermophytosis in Jilin and Liaoning provinces / 中国人兽共患病学报

Dermophytosis is a common fungal disease that affects fast-growing antlers of sika deer (Cervus nippon)and red deer (Cervus elaphus),causing the so-called 'white-skin antlers'and 'crusted antlers'.Here we described the features of dermophytosis in deer antler observed from 20 affected deer from 8 farms in Jilin and Liaoning province by clinical findings,he-matology,pathological examination and fungal species distribution.The fungal infection in the antlers as indicated by HE stai-ning,affected only epidermis and the dermis layers,with the main lesion of necrosis of the dermis tissue and inflammatory in-filtrate.Hematologic profile suggested the insignificant cell count change of lymphocyte,neutrophil,white blood cell between dermophytosis and healthy deer(n=10).A total of 68 fungi isolates were then recovered from the antlers with dermophytosis, of which 64.7% (44/68)were identified as members within Deuteromycotina,the rest 35.3% (24/68)belonged to the Saccha-romycotina.Notably,the well-known opportunistic pathogen,including species within Trichophyton,Epidermophyton as well as Candida albican,might account for the dermophytosis of deer antler.In conclusion,'white-skin antlers'and 'crusted antlers'are high likely caused by opportunistic fungi.

Factors Associated with Insomnia among the Elderly in a Korean Rural Community

OBJECTIVE: Sleep disturbance is common in the elderly, which is result from multi-factorial causes encompassing socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. We aimed to identify factors associated with insomnia among the elderly in a rural community in South Korea, a country with a rapidly growing aged population. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used the data from the second wave of the Korean Social life, Health and Ageing Project, which is a cohort study of individuals living in a typical rural community in South Korea. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics were obtained through face-to-face interviews. Various factors suspected to be associated with insomnia were compared between elderly participants with and without insomnia, and multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for insomnia. RESULTS: We found that 32.4% of 509 participants (72.8±7.7 years old) had insomnia. Female sex [odds ratio (OR)=2.19], low education level (OR=2.44), current smoking (OR=2.26), number of chronic diseases (OR=2.21 for 2–3 chronic diseases; OR=2.06 for 4 or more chronic diseases), and depression (OR=2.53) were independently associated with insomnia. CONCLUSION: We found that sex, education, chronic disease, and depression independently increase the risk of insomnia of the elderly in a Korean rural community. To overcome the elderly's insomnia, interventions should target modifiable factors such as depression. To promote active aging, longitudinal studies of factors associated with insomnia among the elderly should be performed in different regions and communities.