Mechanism of Chir99021 regulating Wnt / β⁃catenin signaling pathway inhibiting osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells / 解剖学报

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of Chir99021 on osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells. Methods Primary rat dental pulp stem cells were isolated from rat dental pulp and verified by fluorescence immunoassay. Different concentrations of Chir99021 were set, and the cell proliferation was detected by CCK⁃8 to select the optimal concentration. Osteogenic differentiation was detected by alizarin red staining. The expression of osteogenic differentiation related genes and proteins recombinant wingless type MMTV integration site famity member 1 (Wnt1), Wnt3a and Wnt3a β⁃expression of catenin, axis inhibition protein 2(Axin 2), dentin sialophosphoprotein(OCN) and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein 1(DMP1) was detected by Real⁃time PCR and Western blotting. Results The positive expression of dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and vimentin indicated that rat dental pulp stem cells were successfully isolated. After osteogenic induction of rat dental pulp stem cells, calcium deposits significantly increased with the addition of glycogen synthase kinase⁃3β(GSK⁃3β) inhibitor Chir99021, calcium deposits were significanted reduced. After osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells, the expression of Wnt1, Wnt3a, β⁃catenin, Axin2, OCN and DMP1 increased, while the expression of Wnt1, Axin2, OCN and DMP1 decreased with the addition of Chir99021. Conclusion Chir99021 can inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells after 7 days of induction.

Introduction on the update of the 5th edition WHO classifications of B-cell neoplasms / 中华病理学杂志

The 5th edition WHO classification of B-cell tumors is a systematic update to the fourth revised version of the classification. The changes include updated names of entities, sharpened diagnostic criteria, and upgrades from provisional to definite entities. This review focuses on the changes in the content of each chapter of B-cell tumors, facilitating domestic colleagues engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphohematopoietic tumors to understand the latest progress and guide daily work.

Research progress of active probes targeting specific aminoacids / 药学学报

Activity-based protein (proteomic) profiling (ABPP) has emerged as a key component of the broad field of chemical techniques capable of directly analyzing enzyme activity in living systems. With the deepening of research on electrophilic warheads and nucleophilic amino acids, and the continuous proposal and improvement of effective development strategies, the application of amino acid-targeting active probes in various biological systems has facilitated the identification, development of new targets in various disease contexts and discovery of inhibitors. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest progress in the design and application of active probes targeting specific amino acids, in order to provide support for the further development of amino acid-targeted covalent inhibitordrugs.

Design, synthesis and antidiabetic activity studies of purine derivatives / 药学学报

Based our previous work, twelve purine derivatives were designed and synthesized as dual modulators of GPR119 and DPP-4by conjugating the GPR119 activating and DPP-4 inhibiting fragments with the position 6 and 9 of purine core via an approach of merged pharmacophores. Compound 11, bearing 2-fluoro-4-methylsulphonyl anilide and cyanopyrrolidine moieties, exhibited the most potent GPR119 agonistic activities (EC50 = 0.33 μmol·L-1, IA = 71.1%) and DPP-4 inhibitory (58.4% inhibition at 10 μmol·L-1, 21.2% inhibition at 1 μmol·L-1) activities in the in vitro antidiabetic study. Subsequently, we performed studies on structure activity relationships and molecular docking to guide the further drug design.

Efficacy of scrotum cold compress combined with antibiotics on necrospermia patients with seminal tract infection / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To analyze the efficacy of scrotum cold compress combined with antibiotics on necrospermia patients with seminal tract infection. 【Methods】 We made a retrospective analysis of the patients who were confirmed as necrospermia by more than 2 times of semen examination and positive by sperm bacteria culture at the Andrology Department of our center from January 2019 to September 2022. The experiment group patients who were cured by scrotum cold compress combined with sensitive antibiotics and L-carnitine were divided into experiment group A (1 time/day) and experiment group B (2 times/day) according to the daily times of scrotum cold compress. Meanwhile, only sensitive antibiotics and L-carnitine were administered in the control group patients. We recorded the improvement of sperm parameters and the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures in different groups at 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks of treatment. 【Results】 A total of 145 patients were enrolled in the study. According to the principle of randomization, 49 patients in group A, 49 patients in group B, and 47 patients in the control group were enrolled. After 4 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference between the experiment group and the control group in terms of abstinence time, the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures, semen pH, sperm ratio of forward motility, or the sperm survival rate (all P>0.05). In terms of the sperm survival rate, group B (53.1±14.1) was superior to group A (46.2±16.4) (P<0.05). In the results of the treatment at 8 weeks, the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures was significantly higher in the experiment group (74/98) than in the control group (26/47) (χ2=5.14, P<0.05). Sperm ratio of forward motility was higher in the experiment group (26.5±11.9) than in the control group (22.8±12.6). The experimental group (53.1±14.6) also had a significantly higher sperm survival rate than the control group (47.6±13.4) (P<0.05). However, the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures, sperm ratio of forward motility, and the sperm survival rate were lower in experiment group A (35/49, 25.5±10.3, 51.1±15.0) than in experiment group B (39/49, 27.5±13.2, 55.1±14.2), but there was no statistical difference between the two groups (all P>0.05). After 12 weeks of treatment, the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures in the experimental group (67/98) was significantly higher than that in the control group (21/47) (χ2=6.11, P<0.05). Sperm ratio of forward motility in the experiment group (30.9±11.2) was higher than that in the control group (24.7±13.4) (P<0.05). The experiment group (56.3±13.0) had a significantly higher sperm survival rate than the control group (46.7±12.0, P<0.01). However, in terms of the number of negative sperm bacterial cultures, sperm ratio of forward motility, and the sperm survival rate, there were no statistical differences between group A (31/49, 28.8±10.0, 55.9±12.7) and group B (36/49, 32.8±12.1, 56.7±13.4) (all P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Scrotum cold compress combined with antibiotics is superior to only antibiotic treatment on necrospermia patients with seminal tract infection, especially in the sperm ratio of forward motility and sperm survival rate, but it has little relationship with the times of cold compressions per day. Therefore, the method deserves application in this type of patients’ diagnosis and treatment.

Analysis on off-label use of drugs in pediatric guidelines and consensus published by Chinese authors / 中华儿科杂志

Objective: To understand the current situation regarding pediatric off-label use of drugs recommendations in Chinese clinical practice guidelines and to make recommendations for standardized reporting format regarding off-label use of drugs for children. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by systematically searching the databases for Chinese guideline consensus articles published in journals between 2018 and 2020 and extracting recommendations regarding off-label use of drugs from those articles. The essential characteristics of the included guidelines, the ranking of off-label drug types, the order of drug information, the type of off-label drug use, and the percentage of citation studies on which the recommendations were based were analyzed. Results: Among 108 studies that included Chinese off-label guidelines and consensus, 364 recommendations on pediatric off-label use of drugs were included. The Chinese Medical Association published the most, 48 out of the 108 studies (44.4%), and of those 14 studies (13.0%) were on infectious and parasitic diseases. Of the 364 recommendations on off-label use of drugs, the most commonly addressed drugs were 16 recommendations (4.4%) for cyclosporine A, 11 recommendations (3.0%) for methotrexate , and 11 recommendations (3.0%) for fentanyl. The most commonly addressed drug categories were as follows: 68 recommendations (18.6%) were immune system drugs, 66 recommendations (18.1%) were anti-infectives, and 56 recommendations (15.4%) were oncology drugs. The most commonly addressed drug information accounts were as follows: 364 recommendations (100.0%) were indications, 204 recommendations (56.0%) were dosages, and 198 recommendations (54.4%) were the route of administration. Based on the instructions approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration, the main forms of the off-label drug were as follows: 175 recommendations (48.1%) were unapproved indications, 127 recommendations (34.9%) were unapproved populations, and 72 recommendations (19.8%) were unapproved ages. Only 129 recommendations (35.4%) were cited, mainly including clinical guidelines (48 studies, 23.4%), reviews (22 studies, 10.7%), and pediatric randomized controlled trials (22 studies, 10.7%). Conclusions: Off-label use of drugs is commonly recommended in pediatric guidelines and consensus documents written by Chinese authors. However, the reporting of the recommendations varies widely, and the quality of the supporting evidence is poor.

Male Reproductive Injury is Blocked by Baicalin by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Asthmatic Mice / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Reproductive health is an important issue in the field of population and health. As the most common respiratory disease in the world, asthma is linked with male reproductive dysfunction, but the related study is rarely reported. In this study, we analyzed the interventional effect of baicalin (BA) on male reproductive injury in asthmatic mice and its mechanism. Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups, namely as control group ( CK group), OVA-induced asthma model group ( OVA group) and baicalin intervention asthma group (OVA+BA group). The results showed that no significant difference was found in body weight among the three groups. In the OVA group, the testicular coefficient and sperm count decreased significantly, with sperm malformation rate increased significantly ( P < 0.05). In the baicalin intervention group, the testicular coefficient was increased significantly and sperm malformation rate decreased significantly ( P < 0. 05) ; Hematoxylin-eosin ( HE) staining showed that damaged basement membrane of seminiferous tubules, decreased the number of spermatogenic cells and reduced Johnson score were observed in OVA group. The seminiferous tubule diameter and seminiferous epithelium height were significantly increased (P < 0. 05), the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules was relatively complete and Johnson score gains in the OVA + BA group. Compared with control group, the contents of hydrogen peroxide ( H

Baicalin Promotes the Apoptosis of Respiratory Inflammatory Cells in Asthmatic Mice through Bitter Taste Receptors / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease that affects three hundred million people worldwide. About half of them are not well controlled, new therapeutic approach and more effective medicines are therefore urgently needed. Recent studies have shown that bitter taste receptors (Tas2rs) are expressed in respiratory system, and Tas2rs might be used as new targets for asthma treatment since some bitter compounds show therapeutic potential for asthma therapies. Based on this situation, we studied the effect of bitter compound baicalin (BA) on the apoptosis of inflammatory cells in the respiratory tract of asthmatic mice and its relationship with bitter signal transduction. Male BALB/c mice were selected as the tested animals randomly divided into control group (CK), asthma mouse model group stimulated by intraperitoneal injection and aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin(OVA) and intragastric administration of BA intervention OVA-induced asthma group (OVA + BA). The results showed that inflammatory cells infiltration, alveolar septum thickening and diminished alveolarspaces were observed in the OVA group after HE staining. The above symptoms were significantly alleviated in OVA+BA group. The total number of inflammatory cells and classified cell count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of mice in OVA group were increased, and the number of inflammatory cells in BA intervention group were decreased significantly (P < 0. 05). Analysis of real-time quantitative PCR showed that the expression levels of mucin Muc5ac were significantly increased in the lung in OVA group (P <0. 05), while the expression levels of Muc5ac in OVA+BA group were significantly lower than that in OVA group (P <0. 05). The expression of Tas2r108, Tas2r126, Tas2r135, Tas2r143 and their downstream signal transduction molecules α-gust and Trpm5 were down-regulated in OVA group (P < 0. 05). In OVA group, the transcription of pro-apoptotic factors P53, Bax and Casp3 was inhibited, and decreased activity of caspase3 was detected, whereas the transcription of anti-apoptotic factor Bcl2 was up-regulated (P < 0. 05). In OVA+BA group, the transcription of tested Tas2rs genes and downstream signal transduction molecules (P < 0. 05), as well as pro-apoptotic genes P53, Bax and Casp3 were all up-regulated associated with the decreased Bcl2 expression and increased caspase3 activity (P < 0. 05). Our results suggest that BA might function as a bitter taste receptor agonist to mediate the regulation of respiratory tract inflammatory cells apoptosis by activating the bitter signal transduction system, and thus to reduce the lung inflammation and injury in asthmatic mice.

Types of tongue movements and their interrelationships in Kazakhs / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the types of tongue movement in Xinjiang Kazakhs, to explore the relationship between tongue movement types, and to provide inference for genetic of human anthropology. Methods Totally 405 samples (178 males, 227 females) of Kazakh in Tacheng, Xinjiang, were investigated for the types of tongue movement. Chi-square test, u test and cluster analysis were used to explore the characteristics of tongue movement of Kazakhs and the tongue movement of other ethnic groups relation. Generalized multivariate dimension reduction (GMDR) analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the correlations between tongue movements. Results The frequencies of rolling tongue, folding tongue, twisting tongue, and pointed tongue were 73. 08%, 41. 97%, 18. 02%, and 66. 91% respectively. No gender difference was found in the frequencies of four tongue moving types. Compared with other ethnic groups in our country, the frequency of rolling tongue and pointed tongue was at a moderate level, the frequency of folding tongue was higher, and the frequency of twisting tongue was lower. The cluster analysis result showed that the tongue movement type of Xinjiang Kazak was closest to that of Han nationality in Jinzhou, Liaoning. GMDR result showed that among the four tongue movements, there were interactions between the combinations of rolling tongue and folding tongue, folding tongue and rolling tongue and pointed tongue, twisting tongue and pointed tongue, and rolling tongue and folding tongue,and pointed tongue and folding tongue. Logistic regression result showed that there were correlations between rolling tongue and folding tongue, pointed tongue and folding tongue, folding tongue and pointed tongue and rolling tongue. Conclusion Compared with the tongue movements of the domestic ethnic groups, the four types of tongue movements of the Kazakhs in Xinjiang are stronger in folding tongue movement, weaker in tongue turning movement, and average in rolling tongue and pointed tongue movement. There is a relationship between rolling tongue and folding tongue, pointed tongue and folding tongue, and folding tongue are related to pointed tongue and rolling tongue.

Distribution Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes for Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Associated with Ovulatory Dysfunction: A Clinical and Epidemiological Investigation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndromes of abnormal uterine bleeding associated with ovulatory dysfunction （AUB-O）. Method:A clinical and epidemiological investigation was conducted in 6 688 patients with AUB-O from the provincial， municipal， and county/district hospitals in 29 provinces， autonomous regions， and municipalities across China to identify the distribution characteristics of their TCM syndromes. Result:The AUB-O patients nationwide were mainly differentiated into the kidney Qi deficiency syndrome （17.34%）， the spleen Qi deficiency syndrome （13.25%）， the Qi and blood deficiency syndrome （12.62%）， the Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome （8.45%）， and the kidney Yin deficiency syndrome （6.88%）. AUB-O resulted from Qi deficiency， Yin deficiency， and blood deficiency， often involving the kidney， spleen and liver. The analysis of the regional distribution of TCM syndromes in AUB-O patients revealed that kidney Qi deficiency， spleen Qi deficiency， and Qi and blood deficiency were the shared syndromes. However， due to regional discrepancy， the TCM syndrome varied widely from one geographic region to another. The kidney Qi deficiency syndrome was more frequently seen in North China， Northwest China， Southwest China， and East China， but less frequently in central China， Northeast China， and South China. The spleen Qi deficiency syndrome occurred most frequently in central China， while the East China had the highest frequency of Qi and blood deficiency syndrome. The spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome was mostly present in central China， North China， and Southwest China， the Qi deficiency （kidney deficiency） and blood stasis syndrome in Northwest China， South China， and North China， the kidney Yin deficiency syndrome in East China， Northwest China， and Northeast China， the deficiency-heat syndrome in Southwest China and East China， the kidney Yang deficiency syndrome in South China， the liver depression and blood heat syndrome in Northeast China， and the liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome in central China. The diagnostic criteria for the kidney Qi deficiency， spleen Qi deficiency， Qi and blood deficiency， Qi deficiency and blood stasis， and kidney Yin deficiency syndromes were not significantly different from the previous ones. The distinctive symptoms for the kidney Qi deficiency syndrome were irregular vaginal bleeding， heavy menstrual flow， or shortened menstrual cycle， back soreness and pain， and forgetfulness， while those for the spleen Qi deficiency syndrome mainly included the shortened menstrual cycle， mental fatigue， lack of strength， poor appetite， loose stool， and white tongue coating. The Qi and blood deficiency syndrome were mainly manifested as the shortness of breath， laziness to speak， pale complexion， dizziness， and palpitation. The Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were mainly judged by the scanty menstrual flow frequently or occasionally accompanied by blood clots， mental fatigue， lack of strength， and dark purple tongue. The ovulatory bleeding， dizziness， tinnitus， vexing heat in chest， palms and soles， and night sweat were the characteristic signs for the kidney Yin deficiency syndrome. Conclusion:There exist certain rules in the geographical distribution of TCM syndromes of AUB-O patients， which has provided a reference for the clinical treatment of AUB-O in accordance with the local conditions.

A study of motivational interviews based on Timing Theory on the parents of children with infantile spasms / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of motivational interviews based on timing theory on self-efficacy, negative affect and coping styles of parents with infantile spasms children.Methods:Cluster sampling was used to select 82 parents of infantile spasms hospitalized in the Department of Neurology of a children’s hospital, a three-A hospital from January 2019 to October 2019. They were divided into control group and observation group with 41 cases each according to random number table. The control group received routine health education, and the observation group received five motivational interviews based on timing theory interventions on the basis of routine care. The effect of the intervention was evaluated by General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Chinese version of Coping Health Inventory for Parents (CHIP) before intervention, on the day of discharge, and 3 months after discharge.Results:Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in the scores of GSES, HADS and CHIP scales between the parents of the two groups ( P>0.05). After intervention, The GSES scores of the observation group on the day of discharge and 3 months after discharge were (19.63±0.87) and (22.58±1.28) points, which were significantly higher than (18.92±0.74) and (19.46±1.25) points of the control group. The difference between both groups was statistically significant ( t values were -3.865, -10.926, P<0.01). HADS-A/HADS-D scores of the observation group on the day of discharge and 3 months after discharge were (12.50±0.82), (10.50±0.87) and (9.78±0.80), (8.63±0.87) points, respectively. The HADS-A/HADS-D scores of the control group on the day of discharge and 3 months after discharge were (12.92±0.74), (11.72±0.99) and (10.23±0.78), (9.38±1.04) points, respectively. The difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.412-5.764, P<0.05 or 0.01). The observation group scores on CHIP subscales on the day of discharge and 3 months after discharge are higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (t values were -7.93--2.490, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions:Motivational interviews based on timing theory can enhance parents’ self-efficacy, improve their negative emotions and family coping styles, and thereby promote the recovery of children.

Inhibition of Respiratory Bitter Taste Signal Transduction is Related to Asthma in Mice / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

Because the large number of people is suffering from asthma, and about half of them are not well controlled, new therapeutic approach and more effective medicines are therefore urgently needed. Recent studies have shown that bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are expressed in various tissues, and T2Rs might be used as the new targets for asthma treatment since some bitter compounds show therapeutic potential for asthma therapies. In this study, the relationship between the development and exacerbation of asthma and bitter signal transduction was analyzed by establishing the asthma model in the C57BL/6 mice. The present results showed that the total number of white blood cells and the number of eosinophil, neutrophil, lymphocyte and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly increased (P < 0. 05), accompanied with the up-regulation of Muc5ac gene expression (P< 0. 01) and asthma-like pathologically changes in mice lungs in OVA or OVA+SO

Therapeutic Effect of Convalescent Plasma Transfusion on Fulminant Viral Infectious Diseases--Review / 中国实验血液学杂志

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has started to erupt in Wuhan since December 2019, and then the cases of COVID-19 increased rapidly, the epidemic situation spreaded to most area of China. Owing to the lack of specific drugs at present, convalescent plasma therapy becomes an alternative treatment. However, the choice of the donor, suitable patients, timing of treatment, administrate dose, the advantages and disadvantages of the treatment are not clear. This article reviews the clinical studies and case reports of convalescent plasma therapy in several previous viral infectious diseases in order to provide clues for the treatment of COVID-19.

Plasma MiR-181b and MiR-194 As Biomarkers for Acute Graft- Versus-Host Disease and Significance of Their Changes / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical correlation of expression level changes of miR-181b and miR-194 to the pathogenesis of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD), and determine plasma miR-181b and miR-194 as the potential biomarkers for aGVHD.@*METHODS@#The plasma samples were collected from 31 patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) at before HSCT, 15 days after HSCT and onset of aGVHD. The expression levels of miR-181b and miR-194 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to assess the sensitivity and specificity of miRNA biomarkers for the diagnosis of aGVHD.@*RESULTS@#MiR-181b and miR-194 downregulated after treatment were significantly upregulated in the plasma at onset of aGVHD (P0.05). The expressions of plasma miR-181b and miR-194 collected on day 15 after HSCT were significantly upregulated in the patients with aGVHD in comparison with non-GVHD patients (P<0.05). Moreover, these elevated miRNAs were detected before aGVHD. The AUC of miR-181b predicting aGVHD was 0.91±0.05 (specificity was 0.94, sensitivity was 0.69). The AUC of miR-194 predicting aGVHD was 0.91±0.06 (specificity was 0.94, sensitivity was 0.77).@*CONCLUSION@#MiR-181b and miR-194 may serve as early biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of aGVHD.

Effects of Electroacupuncture at Zhongji and Guanyuan on Urge Urinary Incontinence after Stroke / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effects of electroacupuncture on urge urinary incontinence after stroke. Methods:From May, 2015 to May, 2018, 40 patients with urge urinary incontinence after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n = 20) and electroacupuncture group (n = 20). Both groups accepted routine rehabilitation, while the electroacupuncture group accepted electroacupuncture at Zhongji (CV3) and Guanyuan (CV4) in addition, for four weeks. They recorded the urination log (72 hours), and were assessed with Incontinence Scale, and tested with urodynamics before and after treatment. Results:There were 17 cases in the control group and 18 in the electroacupuncture group finishing the trial. The total number of urination, the number of urge incontinence and the number of calls for urination carer at night decreased, the average volume of urine increased, and the score of Incontinence Scale decreased (|t| > 4.770, P < 0.001) in both groups, which were better in the electroacupuncture group than in the control group (|t| > 2.962, P < 0.01). The maximum cystometric bladder capacity and bladder compliance increased in both groups, while the maximum bladder pressure and maximum detrusor pressure decreased after treatment (|t| > 4.052, P < 0.001), which were better in the electroacupuncture group than in the control group (|t| > 2.716, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Electroacupuncture at Zhongji and Guanyuan is effective on urge urinary incontinence, which relates with reducing detrusor and bladder pressure, increasing bladder volume, and improving bladder compliance.

Efficacy Analysis of Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation in the Treatment of Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of unrelated umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in the treatment of Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML).@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 5 children with JMML who were treated with unrelated UCBT from October 2011 to July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. The age of onset for the five children (male) ranged from 0.4 to 5.0 years old, with a median age of 1.5 years old. All the patients received myeloablative conditioning regimen without ATG to whom cyclosporine A (CsA) with short-term mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was given for GVHD prophylaxis.@*RESULTS@#Four children acquired engraftment. One patient received secondary haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation because of the failure in the first unrelated UCBT. Grade Ⅲ to Ⅳ aGVHD occurred in 2 cases and was controlled, and none of the patients developed cGVHD. Three cases achieved long-time disease free survival，and no patient relapsed.@*CONCLUSION@#UCBT is an effective treatment for children with JMML.

Salivary Pepsin as an Intrinsic Marker for Diagnosis of Sub-types of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-related Disorders

Background/Aims@#To determine the value of salivary pepsin in discriminating sub-types of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and GERD-related disorders. @*Methods@#Overall, 322 patients with different sub-types of GERD and 45 healthy controls (HC) were studied. All patients took Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GerdQ) and underwent endoscopy and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring and manometry. Salivary pepsin concentration (SPC) was detected by using colloidal gold double-antibody immunological sandwich assay. Oral esomeprazole treatment was administrated in the patients with non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and extra-esophageal symptoms (EES). @*Results@#Compared to HC, patients with erosive esophagitis, NERD, EES, EES plus typical GERD symptoms, or Barrett’s esophagus had a higher prevalence of saliva and SPC (all P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the positive rate for pepsin in patients with functional heartburn or GERD with anxiety and depression, compared to HC. After esomeprazole treatment, the positive rate and SPC were significantly reduced in NERD (both P < 0.001) and in EES (P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Of the 64 NERD patients, 71.9% (n = 46) were positive for salivary pepsin, which was significantly higher than the rate (43.8%, n = 28) of pathological acid reflux as detected by 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring (P = 0.002). @*Conclusions@#Salivary pepsin has an important significance for the diagnosis of GERD and GERD-related disorders. Salivary pepsin and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring may complement with each other to improve the diagnostic efficiency.

Detection and application value of varicella-zoster virus in saliva of patients with herpes zoster / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical application value of saliva samples from patients with herpes zosterzoster.MethodsSaliva and serum samples of 55 patients with herpes zoster were collected. Patients were split into mild and moderate group and serious group based on the clinical score table. Paid a follow-up visit for the occurrence of PHN three months after the lesion healed. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect varicella-zoster virus load in saliva and serum, and then observed and verified by transmission electron microscope.ResultsThe positive rates of VZV DNA in saliva and blood samples were 87% and 85% respectively. Transmission electron microscopy showed virus pellets in saliva of patients. The VZV DNA load in saliva in serious group (5.79±2.94) copies/mLwas overtopped than that in mild to moderate group (3.06±2.59) copies/mL (t=3.58, P=0.00). Compared the viral loads in saliva of PHN group(5.82±3.12) copies/mL and non-PHN group (3.84±2.96) copies/mL, t=1.54, P=0.13.ConclusionThe positive rate of VZV DNA in saliva of herpes zoster patients is high, the load is related to clinical symptoms. So saliva can be used for the diagnosis of HZ and assessing the patients′ condition.

Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province in 2019 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Hunan Province in 2019, so as to provide insights into the achievement of transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in the province in 2020. Methods The data pertaining to Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans and livestock and snail status were captured from Hunan Province in 2019 and analyzed. Results Schistosomiasis was endemic in 281 townships (towns) from 41 counties (districts) of 6 cities in Hunan Province by the end of 2019. A total of 991 900 persons received blood testing in Hunan Province in 2019, and 22 773 were positive for the blood testing, with sero-prevalence of 2.30%. All stool examinations were negative in 22 933 individuals detected. The high sero-prevalence was seen in Nanxian County, Anxiang County and Ziyang District. Currently, there were 5 034 cases with advanced schistosomiasis detected in Hunan Province, and they were predominantly identified in Yuanjiang City, Heshan District and Yueyang County. There were 44 963 bovines fenced in schistosomiasis-endemic villages in Hunan Province in 2019, which were predominantly distributed in Yuanjiang City, Hanshou County and Ziyang District, and no positives were detected in 1 996 bovines receiving blood testing or 20 684 bovines receiving stool examinations. In 2019, there were snail habitats of 1.73 billion m2 found in Hunan Province, which were mainly found in Yuanjiang City, Hanshou County and Yueyang County. Conclusion The endemic situation of schistosomiasis further decreases in Hunan Province in 2019; however, there is still a risk of schistosomiasis transmission in local areas of the province.

Effect of integrated schistosomiasis control measures in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2019 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To examine the effect of the integrated schistosomiasis control measures in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2019, so as to provide insights into the development of the schistosomiasis elimination strategy. Methods The integrated schistosomiasis control measures implemented by the health, agriculture, water resources, forestry, land and resources sectors were retrospectively collected in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2019, and the completion of each measure, cost of control measures, Schistosoma japonicum infections in humans and bovines, and snail status were analyzed each year. An index system for assessing the integrated schistosomiasis control effect was constructed using the Delphi method to calculate the integrated schistosomiasis control effect index. In addition, a cost-effect analysis was performed in terms of the decline in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in humans and bovines, areas with snails in inner embankments, and areas with infected snails. Results A total of 7 110 926 500 Yuan were invested into the integrated schistosomiasis control program of Hunan Province from 2004 to 2019. During the 16-year period, a total of 277 437.12 hm2 snail habitats received molluscicidal treatments, 6 927 230 person-times given expanded chemotherapy, 2 116 247 bovine-times given expanded chemotherapy, 954 850 harmless toilets built, 290 359 bovines fenced, 136 666 bovines eliminated, 141 905 machines used to replace bovines, 39 048.63 hm2 water lands improved as dry lands, 724.12 km irrigation regions improved, 3 994 300 populations covered with safe water, 191 102.89 hm2 forests planted and 38 535.27 hm2 lands leveled. The prevalence of S. japonicum infections was 4.29% in humans and 4.48% in bovines in Hunan Province in 2004, with 2 449.37 hm2 snail habitats in inner embankments and 3 423.74 hm2 infected snail areas. In 2019, the prevalence of S. japonicum infections reduced to 0 in both humans and bovines, and areas of snail habitats reduced to 540.92 hm2 (77.92% reductions), while the areas with infected snails reduced to 0. The overall integrated schistosomiasis control effect index appeared a tendency towards a rise over years since 2004, and the integrated schistosomiasis control effect index was 97.35 in 2019; the annual mean costs for a 1% reduction in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in 100 populations and 100 bovines were 70.11 Yuan and 4 204.78 Yuan, and the annual mean costs for a 1% reduction in the snail areas in inner embankments and infected snail areas were 2 010.20 Yuan and 1 298.09 Yuan, respectively. Conclusions The integrated control measures achieve remarkable effectiveness for schistosomiasis control in Hunan Province, with a remarkable decline in the prevalence of S. japonicum infections in humans and bovines and great shrinking of snail areas in inner embankments and infected snail areas. Adequate fund investment is required to improve the integrated schistosomiasis control measures and consolidate the control achievements.