Bacterial culture of bile from patients with obstructive jaundice and antibiotic sensitivity / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of microbial isolates and the positive rate from bile cultures taken from obstructive jaundice patients, then compare the antimicrobial sensitivities to guide the rational choice and use of antibiotics. Methods Bile cultures from 322 patients from January 2012 to April 2016 were reviewed. Specimens were obtained from patients that were diagnosed obstructive jaundice. The bile specimens were examined for pathogenic respectively. At the same time, the empirical antibiotics of the 322 cases prior to operation were also analyzed. Results Bile culture was positive in 246 among322 cases, the positive culture rate was 76.40%. A total of 267 pathogens were isolated in bile culture: 208 Gram-negative bacteria, 48 Gram-positive bacteria and 11 fungus. The most common pathogens in all were Escherichia coli (208 strains, 53.18%), Enterococcus faecium (28 strains, 10.49%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (27 strains, 10.11%). The most sensitive antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria were imipenem and meropenem (with susceptibility rate for 98.08%, respectively). The more sensitive antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria were efoperazone/sulbactam, amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam (susceptibility 92.31%, 88.46% and 85.58%). The lowest susceptibility rate of Gram-negative to twelve kings of antimicrobial agents were levofloxacin, andaztreonam (susceptibility 29.81%, 28.37%). The most sensitive antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria were linezolid, teicoplanin and vancomycin(with susceptibility rate for 100.00%, respectively). The more sensitive antibiotics against Gram-positive bacteria was chloromycrtin (susceptibility 88.89%). The lower susceptibility rate of Gram-positive were levofloxacin (susceptibility 25.00%). 281 cases of patients before surgery empirical use of antimicrobial drugs. Monotherapy was used in 219 cases. The main drug was levofloxacin (86/219), the second was cefoperazone/sulbactam (70/219). The dual therapy was used in 62 cases, the mainly was cefoperazone/sulbactam plus ornidazole or metrornidazole(27/62), the second was levofloxacin plus ornidazole or metrornidazole (12/62). Conclusions Gram negative bacteria were the predominant bile pathogens found in patients with obstructive jaundice. And the most prominent Gram-negative pathogens were Escherichia coli. The sensitive rates of cefoperazone/sulbactam, amikacin and piperacillin/tazobactam were higher, which could be used as the preferred antimicrobial agents. Imipenem and meropenem should remain the last alternative when all other therapies fail or serious infection; The empirical antibiotics's pertinence was not very suitable, levofloxacin's resistance rates in obstructive jaundice was higher. It should be avoided to choose during empirical antimicrobial therapy.

Mitochondrial drug delivery for cancer therapy / 药学学报

Mitochondrion is one of the most vital organelles in cells of human body, and it is involved in many metabolic processes. Mitochondrion dysfunction is closely related to many diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity and ischemia reperfusion injury. As a result, mitochondrial drug delivery has gained more and more attention in the drug discovery against these diseases. This review gives a brief introduction to the relationship between mitochondria and human diseases (e.g., cancer), and summarizes the latest trend of mitochondrial targeting drug delivery system (MTDDS).

Correction of secondary lip whistle deformities and nasal base depression after bilateral cleft lip repair with lip subdermal soft tissue flap / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a new method to correct secondary lip whistle deformities and nasal base depression after bilateral complete cleft lip (BCCL) repair with lip subdermal soft tissue flap.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bilateral subdermal soft tissue "C" flaps and "lambda" flap were designed to repair secondary deformities of nasal base and reconstruct vermilion tubercle in patients after BCCL repair.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Good results were achieved in all the patients with primary healing. No flap necrosis happened. The result was satisfactory.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>With bilateral subdermal soft tissue "C" flaps and " lambda" flap, nasal base depression deformities and lip whistle deformities can be corrected. It is an ideal method for correction of deformities after BCCL repair.</p>

Expressions of MACC1, HGF, and C-met protein in epithelial ovarian cancer and their significance / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of metastasis-associated in colon cancer-1 (MACC1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and C-met proteins in epithelial ovarian cancer and their significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of MACC1, HGF and C-met in 20 specimens of normal ovarian tissues, 19 specimens of benign epithelial ovarian tumor and 52 specimens of epithelial ovarian cancer were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The correlations of the expressions of MACC1, HGF and C-met protein to the clinicopathologic characteristics of epithelial ovarian cancer were analyzed, and the correlations between the expressions of the 3 proteins were also evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positivity rates of MACC1, HGF and C-met proteins were 73.1%, 63.5% and 78.8% in epithelial ovarian cancer with relative expressions of 0.72∓0.05, 0.64∓0.04 and 0.79∓0.04, respectively, showing significant differences from those in normal ovarian tissues and benign ovarian tumors (P<0.05). In epithelial ovarian cancer, the up-regulation of MACC1, HGF and C-met expressions were associated with advanced FIGO stage, poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). MACC1 expression was positively correlated to HGF (r=0.350, P=0.011) and C-met expressions (r=0.429, P=0.002), and the latter two was also positively correlated (r=0.487, P=0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MACC1 may serve as a potential biomarker for advanced ovarian cancer. Deregulation of MACC1, HGF and C-met proteins may synergistically participate in the malignant progression of epithelial ovarian cancer.</p>

Expression of TGF-beta1 and E-cadherin in primary and metastatic ovarian carcinoma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of the protein of TGF-beta1 and E-cadherin in the primary and metastatic lesions of ovarian carcinoma and explore the mechanism of the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed to detect the expression of TGF-beta1 and E-cadherin proteins in primary and metastatic ovarian carcinoma, benign epithelial ovarian tumor and normal ovarian tissue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of TGF-beta1 was significantly higher in ovarian carcinoma (67.2%) than in benign tumors (28.6%) and normal ovarian tissue (18.9%) (Chi2=26.94, P<0.001), but E-cadherin expression showed a reverse pattern. TGF-beta1 expression in the primary ovarian carcinoma carcinoma was associated with the FIGO stage, lymph metastasis and ascites of the tumor (P=0.01, P=0.01, and P=0.04, respectively). E-cadherin expression in the tumor was associated with the differentiation (P=0.02) and lymph metastasis of ovarian carcinoma (P=0.04). The expressions of TGF-beta1 and E-cadherin were all significantly lower in the primary tumors than in the metastatic tumor (Chi2=4.70, P=0.03; Chi2=5.91, P=0.015). A significant correlation was found between the expressions of the TGF-beta1 and E-cadherin in the primary carcinoma (Kappa value of -0.32, P=0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGF-beta1 and E-cadherin are closely associated with the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma and might be potential targets for controlling the metastasis of ovarian carcinoma.</p>