Chemical composition analysis and value evaluation of stems and leaves of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus / 中国中药杂志

This study aimed to provide data support for resource utilization of the stems and leaves of Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus(SLAM) by analyzing and evaluating the chemical constituents. The crude protein, crude fiber, and soluble saccharide of SLAM were analyzed by Kjeldahl method, filtration method, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. The nucleosides, amino acids, flavonoids, and saponins of SLAM were analyzed by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-TQ-MS). Combined with principal component analysis(PCA), the quality difference of resource components of SLAM was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that the average content of crude protein, crude fiber, total polysaccharide, and redu-cing sugar in SLAM was 5.11%, 30.33%, 11.03 mg·g~(-1), and 31.90 mg·g~(-1), respectively. Six nucleosides, 15 amino acids, 22 flavonoids, and one saponin were detected, with an average content of 1.49 mg·g~(-1), 6.00 mg·g~(-1), 1.86 mg·g~(-1), and 35.67 μg·g~(-1), respectively. The content of various types of chemical components in SLAM differed greatly in different harvesting periods and growing years. The results of PCA showed that the quality of SLAM produced in Ningxia was superior. The results can provide references for the utilization of SLAM.

Suitable investigation method of exploration and suggestions for investigating Chinese materia medica resources from wetland and artificial water of Hongze Lake region / 中国中药杂志

According to the technology requirements of the fourth national survey of Chinese Materia Medica resources (pilot), suitable investigation method of exploration and suggestions for investigating Chinese Materia Medica resources was proposed based on the type of wetland and artificial water of Hongze Lake region. Environment of Hongze Lake and overview of wetland, present situation of ecology and vegetation and vegetation distribution were analyzed. Establishment of survey plan, selection of sample area and sample square and confirmation of representative water area survey plan were all suggested. The present study provide references for improving Chinese materia medica resources survey around Hongze Lake, and improving the technical specifications. It also provide references for investigating Chinese Materia Medica resources survey on similar ecological environment under the condition of artificial intervention.

Optimization of drying process for Scrophulariae Radix by multivariate statistical analysis / 中国中药杂志

To establish the suitable modern drying processing parameters for Scrophulariae Radix (SR). With reference to the traditional drying processing method of SR and the characteristics of modern drying equipment, the drying process for SR was simulated as the following three stages: temperature-controlled drying-tempering-temperature-controlled drying. Eighteen batches of SR samples were obtained by the drying methods after the orthogonal design experiment with seven factors namely temperature, wind speed, and target moisture for the first stage, tempering time and temperature, as well as temperature and wind speed for the second stage. UPLC-TQ-MS was applied for determination of nine target compounds including catalpol, harpagide, verbascoside, ferulic acid, angroside-C, aucubin, harpagoside, cinnamic acid and ursolic acid in those dried samples and another 19 batches of SR samples collected from genuine producing area. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed, and total energy consumption was also taken into consideration for analysis and evaluation. Results showed that the optimal drying processing method for SR was as follows: drying temperature of 60 ℃, drying wind speed of 50 Hz, and 50% for target moisture in the first stage; 24 h for tempering time and temperature of 20 ℃ in the second stage; drying temperature of 60 ℃, and drying wind speed of 30 Hz in the third stage. The medicinal materials with optimized modern drying processing method were extremely similar to those collected from genuine producing area in the aspect of both external properties and target compounds, and they were in line with the 2015 version of "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" requirements. In addition, they could help to shorten the drying time and increase the efficiency of primary processing, and thus promote the normalization and standardization of primary drying processing for SR.

Effect on quality of Scrophulariae Radix with modern drying technology / 中国中药杂志

Modern drying technology was used to explore suitable drying process to provide scientific basis for improving drying processing methods of Scrophulariae Radix. Controlled temperature and humidity drying, vacuum drying apparatus, microwave vacuum drying apparatus, short infrared drying device were used to gain samples for analyzing. The character appearance, concentration of main components and power consumption indicators were chosen for preliminary judging. Six major components, including iridoids and phenylpropanoids were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS method. The contents of polysaccharides were determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The character appearance with controlled temperature and humidity drying and short infrared drying meet the pharmacopoeia standard (Ch. p, edition 2015), while samples with vacuum and microwave vacuum drying apparatus didn't. Compared to fresh sample, concentrations of harpagide, harpagoside, aucubin and catalpol were lower in the dried samples. Angoroside-C showed no significant change before and after drying. Concentration of acteoside increased after drying. Samples with controlled temperature (70 degrees C) and humidity (15% - 10%) drying had high content and short drying time. The better drying process of Scrophulariae Radix was controlled temperature and humidity drying. The method will provide the reference for the drying technology standard of roots medicine.