Effect of combination of ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide and metformin on AGEs and CTGF of cardiac muscle in type 2 diabetic rats and the mechanism / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effects of ganoderma lu-cidum polysaccharides and metformin on myocardial fi-brosis of type 2 diabetic rats and its mechanism. Methods SD rats were fed with high fat diet for 4 weeks, and then were injected with streptozotocin (30mg·kg-1 ) to replicate type 2 diabetic model. The diabetic rats were randomized into normal control group,diabetes group, ganoderma lucidum polysaccha-rides group ( 600 mg · kg-1 ) , metformin group ( 600 mg·kg-1 ) , and combination group( ganoderma lucid-um polysaccharides 300 mg·kg-1 +metformin 300 mg ·kg-1 ) . After 12 weeks’ treatment,the levels of fast-ing serum glucose were determined and the extent of myocardial fibrosis was observed by Picro-sirius red staining. The contents of AGEs in serum were deter-mined by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The activities of CAT and GSH-Px in myocardium were detected. Im-munohistochemical method and Western blot were used to detect myocardial tissue AGEs and CTGF protein ex-pression. Results Combination group could repress patho-proceeding of myocardial fibrosis efficiently, im-prove the activity of CAT and GSH-Px in myocardium and lower the concentration of AGEs in serum, as well as reduce the expression of AGEs and CTGF in myo-cardium. Conclusions Ganoderma lucidum polysac-charides and metformin could prevent myocardial fibro-sis. The possible mechanism may be related to repress-ing oxidative stress of myocardium, lowering serum AGEs and down regulating AGEs and CTGF of myocar-dium.

Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on advanced glycation end products and receptor of aorta pectoralis in T2DM rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) on advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and the receptor (RAGE) of aorta pectoralis in the T2DM rats, and explore the protective mechanism of GLPs on the aorta pectoralis.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SD rats were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks and then were injected STZ (30 mg x kg(-1)) to induce the type 2 diabetic rats. Once the T2DM models were set successfully, rats were randomly divided into normal control group, diabetes model (DM) group, berberine (30 mg x kg(-1)) group, GLPs of low (GLPs-L), middle (GLPs-M) and high-dose (GLPs-H) group (GLPs were orally given 200, 400, 800 mg x kg(-1)). After 12 weeks' treatment, the content of fasting blood glucose and AGEs in serum were detected. The expressions of AGEs and RAGE in aortas pectoralis were measured both by immunohistochemistric assays and western-blot analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with DM group, the content of blood glucose and AGEs in serum were significantly decreased in GLPs-H group and GLPs-M group (P < 0.01). Compared with DM group, the expressions of AGEs and RAGE in aorta pectoralis were decreased in other groups, especially in GLPs-H group (P < 0. 01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GLPs could low blood glucose and protect aortas effectively. The mechanisms may be involved in down-regulation the expressions of AGEs and RAGE in aortal tissue.</p>

Effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on hemodynamic and antioxidation in T2DM rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) on hemodynamic and antioxidation in the T2DM rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SD rats were fed high-fat diet for 4 weeks and then were injected STZ (30 mg x kg(-1)) to induce the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Once the T2DM models were set successfully, rats were randomized into six groups: normal group (NG), group of diabetes mellitus (DMG), groups of low dosage (GLPs-LG), middle dosage (GLPs-MG), high dosage (GLPs-HG) and berberine (BerG). They received GLPs with different dosages (200, 400, 800 mg x kg(-1)) and berberine (30 mg x kg(-1)) continually for 16 weeks. At 16th weekend, the following indices of rats were measured respectively: blood glucose, hemodynamic including LVSP, LVEDP, dp/dt(max) and -dp/dt(max) and the contents of NO, SOD, MDA, GSH-Px, CAT in cardiac tissue. Besides, myocardial ultrastructure was observed by electron microscope.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Both the middle dosage and the high dosage of GLPs could low blood glucose effectively, and they could reduce LVEP but increase -dp/dt(max). Meanwhile, they could activate GSH-Px, CAT, SOD, NO, but reduce MDA in cardiac tissue and improve the myocardial ultrastructure. Compared to the DM group, the middle dosage, high dosage of GLPs and berberine showed significant improvement. Compared to the berberine group, the middle dosage showed the same effect, but the high dosage was more effective than berberine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There is a confirmed action of GLPs in improving the hemodynamic and antioxidation in cardiac tissue of T2DM rats.</p>

Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Three Preventing Schemes for Cisplatin-induced Vomiting / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the economic effects of different therapeutic schemes in the treatment of the same illness.METHODS:202 cases receiving cisplatin chemotherapy were randomly divided into three groups according to the preventing schemes received:group Ⅰ,sulpiride;groupⅡ,ondansetron;groupⅢ,metoclopramide.Data was evaluated using pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis.RESULTS:The effective rate of sulpiride was 87.1%,expense of one therapeutic course being 93.30 yuans and increase of 1% effective rate costed 1.07 yuans.The effective rate of ondansetron was 93.5%,expense of one therapeutic course being 448.26 yuans and increase of 1% effective rate costed 4.79 yuans.The effective rate of metoclopramide was 57.5%,expense of one therapeutic course being 54.33 yuans and increase of 1% effective rate costed 0.94 yuans.CONCLUSION:The sulpiride scheme is the most rational one.