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Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) functions as a catalyzing enzyme targeting hydrolyzation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and inhibition of PDE4 has been proven to be a competitive strategy for dermatological and pulmonary inflammation. However, the pathological role of PDE4 and the therapeutic feasibility of PDE4 inhibitors in chronic ulcerative colitis (UC) are less clearly understood. This study introduced apremilast, a breakthrough in discovery of PDE4 inhibitors, to explore the therapeutic capacity in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced experimental murine chronic UC. In the inflamed tissues, overexpression of PDE4 isoforms and defective cAMP-mediating pathway were firstly identified in chronic UC patients. Therapeutically, inhibition of PDE4 by apremilast modulated cAMP-predominant protein kinase A (PKA)-cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling and ameliorated the clinical symptoms of chronic UC, as evidenced by improvements on mucosal ulcerations, tissue fibrosis, and inflammatory infiltrations. Consequently, apremilast maintained a normal intestinal physical and chemical barrier function and rebuilt the mucosal homeostasis by interfering with the cross-talk between human epithelial cells and immune cells. Furthermore, we found that apremilast could remap the landscape of gut microbiota and exert regulatory effects on antimicrobial responses and the function of mucus in the gut microenvironment. Taken together, the present study revealed that intervene of PDE4 provided an infusive therapeutic strategy for patients with chronic and relapsing UC.
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To evaluate the psychological symptoms of patients with Crohn disease (CD), and to explore the risk factors affecting quality of life (QOL) in CD patients, 50 adult patients with CD, and 50 healthy controls were enrolled. Psychological questionnaires including self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire (IBDQ) and the short form-36 health survey (SF-36) were completed. The results showed both the SAS (40.3±8.5 VS 37.6±7.0) and the SDS (47.1±11.1 VS 41.8±9.6) in CD patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy controls ( t=5.4, P<0.05; t=10.6, P<0.05). The IBDQ scores revealed the physical symptoms scores were 49.50±7.62, systemic symptoms scores 23.92±5.07, emotional functions scores 57.13±15.62, and social function scores 22.15±9.08 in CD active phase. However, the above scores were 60.12±4.01, 26.24±3.97, 67.34±15.17, and 25.44±2.03 respectively in the remission phase. Four subscale items of IBDQ in CD active phase were significant lower than those in the remission phase (all P<0.05). The subscale items of SF-36 scores (PF, RP, BP, GH, VT, SF, RE, MH) in CD patients were significant lower than those in healthy controls (all P<0.05). The SF-36 items scores of PF,RP and MH in the remission phase were significant higher than those in the active phase (all P<0.05). The SF-36 items scores of GH and VT in patients with malnutrition were significant lower than those with nutrition (both P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that disease status and nutritional risk ( P<0.05) significantly affected the patients' IBDQ scores. Factors including sex, age, marital status, education background, medical insurance, use of biologicals, surgery treatment had little influence on the total score of IBDQ ( P>0.05). Psychological conseling and treatment in the active phase may improve QOL of CD patients.
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Background@#Chronic exposure to elevated levels of saturated fatty acids results in pancreatic β-cell senescence. However, targets and effective agents for preventing stearic acid-induced β-cell senescence are still lacking. Although melatonin administration can protect β-cells against lipotoxicity through anti-senescence processes, the precise underlying mechanisms still need to be explored. Therefore, we investigated the anti-senescence effect of melatonin on stearic acid-treated mouse β-cells and elucidated the possible role of microRNAs in this process. @*Methods@#β-Cell senescence was identified by measuring the expression of senescence-related genes and senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining. Gain- and loss-of-function approaches were used to investigate the involvement of microRNAs in stearic acid-evoked β-cell senescence and dysfunction. Bioinformatics analyses and luciferase reporter activity assays were applied to predict the direct targets of microRNAs. @*Results@#Long-term exposure to a high concentration of stearic acid-induced senescence and upregulated miR-146a-5p and miR- 8114 expression in both mouse islets and β-TC6 cell lines. Melatonin effectively suppressed this process and reduced the levels of these two miRNAs. A remarkable reversibility of stearic acid-induced β-cell senescence and dysfunction was observed after silencing miR-146a-5p and miR-8114. Moreover, V-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (Mafa) was verified as a direct target of miR-146a-5p and miR-8114. Melatonin also significantly ameliorated senescence and dysfunction in miR-146a-5pand miR-8114-transfected β-cells. @*Conclusion@#These data demonstrate that melatonin protects against stearic acid-induced β-cell senescence by inhibiting miR-146a- 5p and miR-8114 and upregulating Mafa expression. This not only provides novel targets for preventing stearic acid-induced β-cell dysfunction, but also points to melatonin as a promising drug to combat type 2 diabetes progression.
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There are currently various pancreatic exocrine function tests with different indicators for detection, and there is still a lack of unified standard. This article summarizes the pancreatic exocrine function tests which are widely used or hold promise for application in clinical practice, briefly introduces the procedures of each test, and reviews their clinical practicability and advances, so as to provide a reference for the clinical application and research ideas of pancreatic exocrine function tests.
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Establishing fever clinic was an important achievement of the fight against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, and played an important role in the subsequent outbreaks of H1N1, H7N9 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Fever clinics have significant emergency characteristics, but there are no rescue conditions in the fever clinics. Consequently, the problem of establishment and management of fever clinics is still outstanding. Based on the development of fever clinics, this paper analyzes the operational dilemma of fever clinics, explores the measures of establishment and management of fever clinics, and constructs the operational mechanism of fever clinics in order to provide the basis for the emergency management system of public health emergencies, which is suitable for Chinese health system.
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Ulcerative colitis (UC) manifests as an etiologically complicated and relapsing gastrointestinal disease. The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a pivotal role in rectifying and orchestrating the inflammatory responses in gut tract. Berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, is known as its anti-inflammatory and therapeutic effects in experimental colitis. However, little research focused on its regulatory function on ENS. Therefore, we set out to explore the pathological role of neurogenic inflammation in UC and the modulating effects of berberine on neuro-immune interactions. Functional defects of enteric glial cells (EGCs), with decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and increased substance P expression, were observed in DSS-induced murine UC. Administration of berberine can obviously ameliorate the disease severity and restore the mucosal barrier homeostasis of UC, closely accompanying by maintaining the residence of EGCs and attenuating inflammatory infiltrations and immune cells overactivation. , berberine showed direct protective effects on monoculture of EGCs, bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), T cells, and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) in the simulated inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, berberine could modulate gut EGCs-IECs-immune cell interactions in the co-culture systems. In summary, our study indicated the EGCs-IECs-immune cell interactions might function as a crucial paradigm in mucosal inflammation and provided an infusive mechanism of berberine in regulating enteric neurogenic inflammation.
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OBJECTIVE： To establish the method for content determination of total flavonoids from Combretum alfrdii， and to optimize the extraction technology of total flavonoids from C. alfrdii. METHODS： Using aluminium trichloride as， chromogenic agent， UV spectrum was adopted to determine the content of total flavonoids from C. alfrdii. Based on single factor test， ethanol volume fraction， material-liquid ratio， extraction time， extraction temperature and times were selected as investigation factors， and the content of total flavonoids was selected as response value， Plackett-Burman design was used to screen the factors that had significant influence on the content of total flavonoidsfrom C. alfrdii. Then steepest climbing test was adopted to confirm the optimum valuing range； the extraction technology of total flavonoids was optimized by Box-Behnken response methodology. RESULTS： The linear range of total flavonoids were 0.012-0.036 mg/mL （r＝0.999 9）； RSDs of precision， stability and repeatability tests were less than 3％； the recovery ranged from 92.98％ to 99.86％ （RSD＝2.71％， n＝6）. The optimal extraction technology included that 60％ ethanol， material-liquid ratio of 1 ∶ 34 （g/mL）， extracting for 3 times， lasting for 60 min， extraction temperature of 80 ℃. Under this technology， average content of total flavonoids from C. alfrdii was 2.71％ （RSD＝1.69％， n＝6）， and the relative error was 2.65％ compared with predicted value of the model （2.64％）. CONCLUSIONS： Established method is stable and reproducible， and can be used for content determination of total flavonoids from C. alfrdii. The optimized extraction method is stable and feasible.
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To analyze the using of pre-hospital emergency resources and treatment characteristics of acute alcoholism patients in Guangzhou. Methods The pre-hospital emergency data of the emergency department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 1st in 2009 to December 31st in 2018 were obtained from the database of the Guangzhou Emergency Medical Command Center. The related data of patients with acute alcoholism were collected, including gender, age, poisoning severity, treatment results, caller type, number of empty vehicles (empty vehicle was defined as the empty vehicle return caused by the ambulance who did not receive or refused to come to the hospital after the ambulance leaved), departure time (from the ambulance to the completion time), on-site time (from the ambulance to the patient boarding time) and the distribution of pre-hospital emergency time in 24 hours on weekdays and weekends. The relationship between acute alcoholism patients and the peak of in-hospital emergency treatment was analyzed. Results A total of 2 408 acute alcoholism patients were recorded, among whom 2 109 patients (87.58%) with acute alcoholism,126 (5.23%) with drug poisoning, 67 (2.78%) with chemical poisoning, 3 (0.13%) with pesticide poisoning, and 103 (4.28%) with other poisoning. Acute alcoholism patients were mainly male, with a total of 1 862 cases (88.29%), and the ratio between males and females was 7.54∶1. In 2 109 patients with acute alcoholism, 93.41% were in the age range of 18-59 years old. The number of mild patients was 1 717 (81.41%), 1 178 (55.86%) needed further treatment, and no patient died. For the occupation of pre-hospital emergency resources, 43.24% (912/2 109) of acute alcoholism called 120 through 110 with empty vehicles of 36.79% (776/2 109), which were significantly higher than the acute cerebrovascular disease [3.83% (362/9 461), 5.80% (549/9 461), both P < 0.01], acute trauma [24.29% (1 708/7 033), 7.96% (560/7 033), both P < 0.01], acute circulation system disease [2.44% (90/3 694), 2.87% (106/3 694), both P < 0.01], and acute respiratory system disease [0.86% (31/3 606), 1.58% (57/3 606), both P < 0.01]. Furthermore, empty vehicles were more likely to happen through 110 with empty vehicles rate of 51.75% (472/912), which was significantly higher than that through the witness [40.82% (60/147), P < 0.01] and relatives and friends [23.24% (244/1 050), P < 0.01]. The driving time and on-site time of acute alcoholism were significantly shorter than those of acute cerebrovascular disease, acute circulation system disease, and acute respiratory system disease [driving time (minutes): 26 (20, 34) vs. 34 (26, 45), 38 (29, 49), 38 (29, 50); on-site time (minutes): 6 (4, 10) vs. 10 (7, 14), 10 (7, 15), 10 (8, 15), all P < 0.01], but there was no statistical difference as compared with acute trauma [driving time (minutes):26 (20, 34) vs. 29 (20, 42), on-site time (minutes): 6 (4, 10) vs. 7 (4, 11), both P > 0.05]. The regularity of variation in number of critically acute alcoholism patients was distinctive, which peaked in the period of 21:00-00:00 and bottomed out in the period of 09:00-13:00, which overlapped with the peak flow in the hospital emergency department (17:00-22:00). Conclusions Acute alcoholism patients occupy excessive pre-hospital emergency resources, and overlap with the hospital emergency treatment peak. It is necessary to strengthen the public propaganda and education on the rational usage of 120 emergency resources and reduce waste.
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Objective@#To investigate the degree of infiltration and distribution of tissue-resident CD8 + T cells (CD103 + CD8 + T cells) in gastric cancer tissues, and analyze the relationship between the degree of infiltration and clinicopathological features and prognosis. @*Methods@#Tissue microarray and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the CD8 + T cells and CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration in 90 cases of gastric cancer and their adjacent normal tissues. Wilcoxon rank test was used to compare the CD8 + T cells, CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration and CD103 + CD8 + T cells/CD8 + T cells ratio in gastric cancer and corresponding normal tissues. The chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between CD8 + T cells, CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration and CD103 + CD8 + T cells/ CD8 + T cells ratio in gastric cancer tissues and clinicopathological features of the patients. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to explore the correlation between CD8 + T cells, CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration and CD103 + CD8 + T cells/ CD8 + T cells ratio and overall survival. Cox model was used to analyze the correlation between different clinical parameters and prognosis of the patients. @*Results@#There was no significant difference for the infiltration of CD103 + CD8 + T cells between the gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues (P＞0.05). The infiltration rate of CD103 + CD8 + T cells in the cases in stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ (69.09%, 38/55) was significantly lower than that in the stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ cases (91.43%, 32/35), (χ 2 =6.175, P=0.013). There was no significant correlation between CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration and other clinicopathological features (P＞0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the patients with high CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration showed significantly longer overall survival than the patients with low CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration (HR=2.187, 95%CI: 1.062-4.500, P=0.033 6). Multivariate Cox model analysis indicated that tumor diameter (HR=2.031, 95%CI: 1.163-3.546, P=0.013) and CD103 + CD8 + T cells infiltration (HR=0.516, 95%CI: 0.285-0.934, P=0.029) were independent prognostic factors for gastric cancer. @*Conclusion@#CD103 + CD8 + T cells in gastric cancer tissues should be associated with good prognosis, suggesting that they play an important role in the inhibition of gastric carcinogenesis and development, and can be used as an important factor for the prognosis evaluation of the patients with gastric cancer.
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Objective@#To analyze the using of pre-hospital emergency resources and treatment characteristics of acute alcoholism patients in Guangzhou.@*Methods@#The pre-hospital emergency data of the emergency department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from January 1st in 2009 to December 31st in 2018 were obtained from the database of the Guangzhou Emergency Medical Command Center. The related data of patients with acute alcoholism were collected, including gender, age, poisoning severity, treatment results, caller type, number of empty vehicles (empty vehicle was defined as the empty vehicle return caused by the ambulance who did not receive or refused to come to the hospital after the ambulance leaved), departure time (from the ambulance to the completion time), on-site time (from the ambulance to the patient boarding time) and the distribution of pre-hospital emergency time in 24 hours on weekdays and weekends. The relationship between acute alcoholism patients and the peak of in-hospital emergency treatment was analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 2 408 acute alcoholism patients were recorded, among whom 2 109 patients (87.58%) with acute alcoholism, 126 (5.23%) with drug poisoning, 67 (2.78%) with chemical poisoning, 3 (0.13%) with pesticide poisoning, and 103 (4.28%) with other poisoning. Acute alcoholism patients were mainly male, with a total of 1 862 cases (88.29%), and the ratio between males and females was 7.54∶1. In 2 109 patients with acute alcoholism, 93.41% were in the age range of 18-59 years old. The number of mild patients was 1 717 (81.41%), 1 178 (55.86%) needed further treatment, and no patient died. For the occupation of pre-hospital emergency resources, 43.24% (912/2 109) of acute alcoholism called 120 through 110 with empty vehicles of 36.79% (776/2 109), which were significantly higher than the acute cerebrovascular disease [3.83% (362/9 461), 5.80% (549/9 461), both P < 0.01], acute trauma [24.29% (1 708/7 033), 7.96% (560/7 033), both P < 0.01], acute circulation system disease [2.44% (90/3 694), 2.87% (106/3 694), both P < 0.01], and acute respiratory system disease [0.86% (31/3 606), 1.58% (57/3 606), both P < 0.01]. Furthermore, empty vehicles were more likely to happen through 110 with empty vehicles rate of 51.75% (472/912), which was significantly higher than that through the witness [40.82% (60/147), P < 0.01] and relatives and friends [23.24% (244/1 050), P < 0.01]. The driving time and on-site time of acute alcoholism were significantly shorter than those of acute cerebrovascular disease, acute circulation system disease, and acute respiratory system disease [driving time (minutes): 26 (20, 34) vs. 34 (26, 45), 38 (29, 49), 38 (29, 50); on-site time (minutes): 6 (4, 10) vs. 10 (7, 14), 10 (7, 15), 10 (8, 15), all P < 0.01], but there was no statistical difference as compared with acute trauma [driving time (minutes): 26 (20, 34) vs. 29 (20, 42), on-site time (minutes): 6 (4, 10) vs. 7 (4, 11), both P > 0.05]. The regularity of variation in number of critically acute alcoholism patients was distinctive, which peaked in the period of 21:00-00:00 and bottomed out in the period of 09:00-13:00, which overlapped with the peak flow in the hospital emergency department (17:00-22:00).@*Conclusions@#Acute alcoholism patients occupy excessive pre-hospital emergency resources, and overlap with the hospital emergency treatment peak. It is necessary to strengthen the public propaganda and education on the rational usage of 120 emergency resources and reduce waste.
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Objective To investigate the application value of three dimensional pCASL (3D pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling) with three groups of post-labeling delay (PLD) time in the clinical staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Thirty-one patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma diagnosed by pathology between August 2016 and January 2018 were analyzed. All patients underwent nasopharyngeal MRI routine plain scan, 3D pCASL and dynamic enhanced scan, 3D pCASL scan in three groups, PLD time was set to 1525 ms, 2025 ms and 2525 ms respectively. The clinical stages (8th Edition UICC/AJCC staging) of patients, the overall clinical stage, T stage and N stage were divided into high and low stage group low stage group:7 cases of overall stageⅠ+Ⅱ, 12 cases of T stage T1+T2, 10 cases of N stage N0+N1, high stage groups:24 cases of overall stageⅢ+Ⅳ, 19 cases of T stage T3+T4, 21 case of N stage N2+N3. The GE AW4.6 workstation is used to process the 3D pCASL data. With reference to the axial T2WI image, irregular ROIs with complete inclusion of tumor were manually drawn to automatically generate the mean blood flow to the Tumor Blood Flow (TBF). In three subgroups, PLD time measurement of TBF values were recorded as the TBF (1.5), the TBF (2.0) and TBF (2.5)which were shown in the TBF color charts. Derived variables were used to assess the TBF values of three groups. Two independent sample t test was used to compare TBF values between high and low stages of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the TBF value of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the each clinical stage. ROC analysis was performed to calculate its diagnostic efficiency. Results On the TBF color map, TBF and perfusion was slightly higher for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The TBF value of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in three groups at PLD time was TBF(1.5)=(140.59+46.51) ml·100 g-1·min-1, TBF(2.0)=(149.93+48.63) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1, and TBF(2.5)=(157.76+44.83) ml · 100 g-1 · min-1. In the overall clinical stage, T stage and N stage, the TBF value of the high stage group was significantly higher than that of the low stage group(Total clinical stage:t=2.471, 2.774 and 2.6, respectively;T stage:t=1.581, 1.348 and 1.472, respectively;N stage:t=2.083, 2.129 and 2.046, respectively;all P<0.05). TBF value was positively correlated with overall stage, T stage and N stage (when PLD=1.5 s, r=0.474,0.289 and 0.447,respectively;When PLD=2.0 s,r=0.509,0.311 and 0.471,respectively;When PLD=2.5 s,r=0.500, 0.252 and 0.463, respectively;all P<0.05). According to ROC curve analysis, TBF has good diagnostic performance in all clinical stage. Conclusions 3D pCASL, as a non-invasive magnetic resonance perfusion imaging technique, can accurately measure the TBF value of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The TBF value obtained by PLD=2.0 s had the best correlation with each stage, which has a guiding value for the clinical staging of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Pathology is a course combining theory with morphology,and the knowledge points in experimental teaching are difficult to understand.Our department combines case-based learning (CBL) with specimen teaching and discusses pathological experimental teaching from the aspects of case selection,case preparation,implementation methods for CBL,and related considerations.A comparative analysis of the experimental and theoretical results of 60 students showed that the introduction of CBL effectively promoted the students' enthusiasm for pathology learning,expanded their knowledge,and enhanced the abilities of self-study,teamwork,and language expression.CBL also consolidated the mastery of theoretical knowledge,increased academic performance,and improved the quality of teaching.
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Objective To detect whether patients with gastric cancer had unique serum metabolomic characteristics by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomic analysis,and to screen potential markers for early gastric cancer and to preliminarily explore the related metabolic pathways.Methods At the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,66 patients with gastric cancer and 44 patients with benign gastric disease from July,2017 to January,2018 were enrolled,and 50 healthy subjects served as controls.Twenty-five patients with gastric cancer at stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ and 25 patients with gastric cancer at stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ were selected from the 66 patients with gastric cancer,and 25 subjects were also selected from 50 healthy controls.The plasma small molecule metabolites of patients with gastric cancer and benign gastric disease and healthy controls were detected by LC-MS method.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to establish and validate the principal component analysis (PCA) model and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) model and screen the differential metabolites.The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluated the clinical efficacy of differential metabolites.Results PCA and PLS-DA models showed that gastric cancer had a obviously specific metabolites profile,the profile of benign gastric disease overlapped with that of gastric cancer and healthy controls.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed that four metabolites including isoleucine,benzophenone,sphingosine-1-phosphate and galactopyranose set could be used to establish an optimal diagnostic model.The area under the curve (AUC)(95％ confidence interval (CI)) was 0.963 (0.930 to 0.997),and the best cut off value,sensitivity and specificity were 0.871,93.1％ and 94.0％,respectively.Meanwhile,patients with gastric cancer at stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ had a distinct clustering trend compared with the control group.In the serum of patients with gastric cancer at stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ + Ⅳ,a total of 24 differential metabolites were identified,theconcentration of five of which including lysine,carnitine,benzenesulfonamide,arginine and docosahexaenoic acid ethyl ester,increased along with the progression of gastric cancer.Pipecolic acid and kynurenine might served as biomarkers for early and mid gastric cancer (stage [+ Ⅱ) screening.Conclusions LC-MS metabolomic effectively confirm the unique changes of serum metabolites in patients with gastric cancer.The screened differential metabolites have potential clinical application value for predicting the risk of gastric cancer.
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With the discovery of the significant medicinal value of alginate oligosaccharides and bioethanol produced by microalgae, alginate lyase has been the focus of research in all fields. Five alginate lyase genes in cluster from Vibrio alginolyticus were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. SDS-PAGE and enzyme activity showed that four of the five genes have the activity to degrade alginate. Optimization of the induction conditions, protein purification and enzyme properties of rAlgV3 with the highest enzyme activity were studied. The results showed that the enzyme activity of recombinant enzyme rAlgV3 increased from 2.34×10⁴ U/L to 1.68×10⁵ U/L, which was 7.3 times higher than before. The optimal reaction temperature was 40 °C, and the enzyme was relatively stable between 4 °C and 20 °C. The enzyme had a higher activity between pH 6.5 and 9.0, with the optimum pH 8.0. It showed a wide range of pH that the alginate lyase can exist stably between pH 4.5 and 9.5. Appropriate concentrations of NaCl and Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ ions promoted enzyme activity. SDS and Cu²⁺ ions inhibited the enzyme activity. The enzyme degraded Poly-M fragments and Poly-G fragments, with a wide range of substrate properties. The degraded product of sodium alginate of rAlgV3 analyzed by ESI-MS mainly was oligosaccharides with a polymerization degree of 2 to 3, which means that rAlgV3 was an endo-type alginate lyase. This enzyme has the potential in the development of third-generation bioethanol and the production of alginate oligosaccharides.
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The number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing every year,and the proportion of patients with digestive cancer is also increasing.At present,more and more studies have found that digestive system cancer is associated with type 2 diabetes.This paper reviewed the recent ten years of domestic and foreign researchers using meta-analysis in the study of type 2 diabetes and digestive system cancer outcomes.It suggested that type 2 DM has certain negative effects on the occurrence and prognosis of digestive system cancer.Its influence and mechanism still needs further study through a variety of methods.
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Objective To investigate the malnutrition status among the elderly in age care institutions in Shanghai suburb and analyze its potential influential factors.Methods The MiniNutritional Assessment (MNA) was adopted to evaluate the nutritional status of the 190 elderly people in age care institutions.The dietary supply by the institution canteen and the quantity of residual food left by the malnourished elderly people were weighted.Results In the age care institutions,the malnutrition rate reached 23.7％,47.9％ of the elderly people were at the risk of malnutrition,and only 28.4％ of the elderly people were well nourished.Logistic regression analysis showed that the major influential factors for malnutrition in the elderly people were food intake ability,mobile capability,chewing and swallowing ability,ageing and mental Illness.The malnourished elderly people had the most residual meat and vegetables,and insufficiency of nutrient intake was the main cause for the malnutrition in the elderly people.Conclusions The elderly people in age care institutions in Shanghai suburb have the higher risk of malnutrition.The malnutrition occurs under influence of many factors,of which some are unavoidable,however,some factors like dietary factors can be changed to improve the nutritional status of the elderly people in age care institutions.
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Objective To compare HC video-laryngoscope with Macintosh laryngoscope for tracheal intubation.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes,aged 18-64 yr,with body mass index 19-27 kg/m2,Mallampati grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ,undergoing elective surgery,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =30 each):HC video-laryngoscope group (group H) and Macintosh laryngoscope (group M).After induction of anesthesia,the patients underwent orotracheal intubation assisted by HC video-laryngoscope in group H,and by Macintosh laryngoscope in group M.The glottic exposure time,intubation time,Cormack-Lehane grade,the number of pressing the cricoid and intubation-related complications were recorded.Results The rate of satisfactory glottic exposure was significantly higher and the number of pressing the cricoid was smaller in group H than in group M (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the glottic exposure time,intubation time and incidence of intubation-related complications between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of tracheal intubation guided by HC video-laryngoscope is better than that guided by Macintosh laryngoscope.
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Objective To study the dose-effect relationship and time-effect relationship of T cell receptor (TCR) gene mutation induced by γ-rays in lymphocytes of human peripheral blood.Methods Samples of peripheral blood were collected from 10 healthy adults and lymphocytes were separated.Four samples from males used to fit time-effect curve were exposed to γ-rays at the doses of 0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,3.5,4.0,and 5.0 Gy,respectively,and 6 samples from 3 males and 3 females used to fit dose-effect curves were exposed to γ-rays of the dose of 2 Gy.Flow cytometry was used to detect the mutation frequency of TCR gene (TCR MF).Radiation dose-effect curves and time-effect curves were fitted and optimal mathematical models were selected respectively.Results The optimal mathematical model for radiation dose-effect was quadratic equation model:TCR MF = 92.14 + 22.61D2 (R2adj = 0.65).The optimal mathematical model for radiation time-effect was quadratic polynomial equation model:TCR MF = 3.74 + 743.66T + 308.64T2 (R2adj = 0.79).Conclusions TCR MF is increased as the γ-rayirradiation dose increases within the range of 0-5 Gy,and TCR MF is increased with the lapse of time within the range of 4 days after γ-ray radiation.
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Objective To explore the main causes for death due to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment. Methods The clinical data of 1162 SAP cases treated in our hospital from June 1997 to May 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. Among which, 144patients (12. 39%) died, 82(7.06%)abandoned treatment and 936(80.55%)were cured. Results the APACHE Ⅱ scores and pancreas Balthazar CT scores of the death group were higher than that of the survival group. The percentage of single one organ dysfunction and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was significantly higher in the death group than in the survival group. The mortality rate of SAP without obvious inducing factors was significantly higher than that of SAP with inducing factors. Conclusion Integrated traditional and western non-surgical treatment is effective for SAP.The treatment for SAP without obvious inducing factors is a challenge. The mortality rate of SAP is primarily related to the pathological changes of pancreas and the patient's general condition. Early diagnosis and treatment is important to decrease mortality rate and maintaining the function of important organs is basic to ensure curative effect.
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Objective To study the bystander effects and associated mechanisms through irradiated conditioned medium(1CM). Methods Natural kilhr(NK) cells were obtained from peripheral blood samples. ICM irradiated with different doses of 60Coγ-rays was used for culturing K562 cell strain. The degree of injury of K562cells by activated NK cells was observed, as well as the apoptosis frequency of K562 cell was investigated. Results Severe injury was induced in K562 cells cultured in ICM than the control (sham-irradiated) as shown by increased sensitivity to NK cells (P < 0.05). The apoptosis frequency of K562 cell was increased significantly compared with the control cells (P < 0.05). Conclusions The bystander effect induced by irradiation is existent. ICM can trigger the bystander effect on K562 cell strains.