Evaluation of different laboratory methods for auxiliary diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis / 临床检验杂志

Objective@#To evaluate the effectiveness of different laboratory methods for the supplementary diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis（PTB）and provide reference data for the early diagnosis of PTB. @*Methods@#A total of 298 suspected PTB patients, who were diagnosed and treated in the outpatient department of Shanghai Tongren Hospital from January 2016 to December 2018, were divided into 3 groups: active PTB (138 cases)，inactive PTB (43 cases) and non-PTB (117 cases) group. Sputum acid-fast staining, MGIT liquid culture system and Xpert MTB/RIF test were performed to detect the sputum specimens. The sensitivity and specificity were compared by Chi-square test. @*Results@#The three methods showed certain significance for distinguishing active PTB, inactive PTB combined with non-PTB (χ 2 values were 89.08, 138.94 and 137.12 respectively, all P＜0.01). There was no significant difference for the positive rate of the three methods between inactive PTB and non-PTB. The sensitivities of acid-fast staining, MGIT liquid culture, Xpert MTB/RIF test and the combination of three methods in the diagnosis of active PTB were 45.7% (63/138), 63.8% (88/138), 65.4% (87/133) and 78.2% (104/133) respectively. The sensitivities of MGIT culture and Xpert MTB/RIF test were significantly higher than that of acid-fast staining (χ 2 was 35.79 and 11.26 respectively，all P＜0.01). There was no significant difference for the sensitivities between MGIT liquid culture and Xpert MTB/RIF test（χ 2 was 29.87, P＞0.05) . The sensitivity of combined detection was higher than that of single detection（χ 2 was 30.84, 64.62, 70.14, respectively, all P＜0.01）. The diagnostic specificities of the three methods and their combination were 99.1%（116/117), 98.3%（115/116）, 99.1%（113/114) and 97.3%（110/113）respectively. There was no significant difference for the specificities of the three methods. @*Conclusion@#High sensitivities of MGIT liquid culture and Xpert MTB/RIF test were shown in PTB diagnosis. Combined detection of the three methods may improve the sensitivity of detection.

The advancement and perspective of flow cytometry / 中华检验医学杂志

Flow Cytometry acting as a popular technology based on single cell with high throughput and high content in all-round life science fields besides clinical diagnosis , has been launched for more than 52 years, With the advancement of fluidic path , photic path ( including novel labeling dye ) together with signal collection , transformation and algorithm et al .Particularly , traditional flow cytometry combined with mass spectrometry, microfluidic technology, image principle,Raman spectrometry and so on, resulted in flow cytometry being applied in hematology , immunology, oncology with an enhanced performance .Meanwhile, the improvement of standardization and quality control will boost the flow cytometry in clinical application .

Establishment and application of light initiated chemiluminescence assay of high mobility group box 1 / 中华核医学与分子影像杂志

Objective To establish a fast and quantitative light initiated chemiluminescent assay (LICA) method for high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) determination.Methods Two strains of paired HMGB 1 monoclonal antibodies were used.One was used to coat receptor microspheres.The other was labeled with biotin first and then composed with chain mildew element of affinity donor microsphere to form LICA method for HMGB1.After optimizing the reaction system,the technical specifications of the method was evaluated.Serum HMGB1 levels of common pneumonia patients (CPP) and severe pneumonia patients (SPP) were measured and compared with that of health controls.Two-sample t test was used.Results The sensitivity of LICA was 0.1 μg/L,with linear measurement ranging from 0.1 to 1 000 μg/L.The precisions of intra-and inter-analysis were 1.74％-2.92％ and 1.93％-3.73％ respectively,both were lower than 5％.The recovery rate was 99.74％ (range:94.53％-106.37％).The correlation coefficient of LICA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was 0.888 2.The LICA method had good specificity and no obvious cross reaction with HMGB2 and HMGB3.The serum HMGB1 level in CPP (n=35) and SPP (n=25) was significantly higher than that in health controls (n=35):(6.76±3.13),(19.69±+9.04) vs (1.49±+0.74) μg/L;t values:-5.447 and-5.186,both P＜0.01.The HMGB1 levels between CPP and SPP were also significantly different (t=-3.500,P＜0.01).Conclusions The established LICA method of HMGB1 has high sensitivity and specificity with reliable results.This method is also homogeneous,fast and cleaning-free,thus has a good prospect in clinical application.

Assessment of serum GP73, AFP-L3, AFP and AFU detection in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective Explore the clinical application values of Golgi Protein 73 ( GP73 ) , AFP variants (AFP-L3) , Alpha fetoprotein ( AFP) and α-l-Fucosidase ( AFU) detection in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) .Methods From January of 2013 to June of 2014, 84 case of HCC Patients( HCC group ) who presented at interventional department; 64 case of cirrhotic patients ( liver cirrhosis group ) , 86 case of chronic hepatitis patients ( chronic hepatitis group ) and 120 healthy people ( normal control group) were selected from Shanghai Tongren Hospital.GP73 was detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), AFP-L3 was isolated with ACSC, AFP and AFP-L3 were detected with ECLIA and calculated the percentage content of AFP-L3 ( AFP-L3%) , AFU was detected with enzyme kinetic method.Adopted the SPSS 19.0 statistical software for data analysis.The rank sum test was used in the multi group comparison;the chi square test was used in the comparison group.Results Serum levels of GP73, AFP-L3, AFP and AFU in HCC group were 202.1 μg/L, 9.5%, 68.3 μg/L, 33.2 μg/L respectively.Their difference from those of the normal control group(69.0 μg/L,2.5%,4.5 μg/L,24.2μg/L) was of statistical significance (U was 1126.59, 204.67,1247.68,564.08,respectively,all P 0.05) Sensitivity of GP73 and AFP in individual inspection was 95.24%, significantly higher than that of AFU, AFP-L3. Specificity of AFP-L3 was 94.81%respectively, with an accuracy of 85.88% respectively.Specificity and accuracy of the allied detection of GP73, AFP-L3, AFP and AFU for HCC diagnosis were 98.52% and 84.75% respectively.Conclusions The allied combination of serum GP73, AFP-L3, AFP and AFU makes up for the insufficient clinical applications of individual serum markers. It is of great clinical significance to improve the diagnosis of HCC.

Study on the phenotype and the function of CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the phenotype and the immunoregulatory function of CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells in peripheral blood samples from mice.Methods The distribution profile and the phenotype of CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells in C57BL/6 mice were detected by flow cytometry.The cytokines released by CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells upon the stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody were analyzed by cytometric bead array.The in vitro immunosuppressive activity of CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells on activated CD4+T cells was analyzed by using flow cytometry and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester ( CFSE ) .An adoptive cell transfer assay was set up to evaluate the immunoprotective effects of CD8αα+TCRαβ+ regulatory T cells in a mouse model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis ( EAE) .Results CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells were detected in liver, spleen and peripheral blood samples collected from na?ve C57BL/6 mice.Compared with CD8αβ+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells, CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells showed a memory-activated phenotype of CD25+CD122high CD44high CD62Llow CD69high NK1.1+DX5+.CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells could produce IL-2 after 24 hours stimulation with anti-CD3 antibody, followed by producing IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-17A and traces of IL-6 and IL-10. In vitro, CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells specifically suppressed the proliferation of activated CD4+T cells ( P<0.01 ).Moreover, they could delay the onset of EAE in mice and reduce clinical score (P<0.01).Conclusion CD8αα+TCRαβ+regulatory T cells were a unique population with immunoregula-tory function, which could be used as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of autoimmune disease.

Mouse bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells suppress lymphocyte proliferation through co-Inhibitor B7-H1 upregulated by IFN-γ / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To study the mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells immunosupression lym- phocyte proliferation via B7-H1/PD-1 pathway upregnlated by IFN-γ. Methods Bone marrow derived mes-enchymal stem cells (MSC) were isolated and purified by repeat adherent passage and detected them multi-potential differentiation in conditioned culture medium. Then MSC were cocuhured with lymphocyte prolifera-tion and assayed the level using γ H-thymidine incorporation. Meanwhile, ELISA measured IFN-γ, TGF-β, TNF-α and IL-10 in the cocuhured supernaatant and analyzed variation of B7-H1 molecular profile in MSC by flow cytometry. At last siRNA technology was deploied to interfere B7-H1 expression and analyzed MSC im-munosuppression on lymphocyte proliferation. Results In vitro the isolated MSC become homogeneous spi-die-shaped adherent cells after five passages, and in conditioned culture medium they could differentiate into adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes. In the eocuhure of MSC with mixed lymphocyte, lymphocyte prolif- eration stimulated by Con A or by anti-CD3/CD28 antibody. The cpm value of the proliferation detected by 3H thymidine incorporation showed MSC suppressed the proliferation significantly (P = 0. 0167, 0. 0081,<0.0001 ) and the suppressive potential in a dose-dependent fashion. In the coeuhured supernatant cyto-kine IFN-T and TNF-α were detected in high concentration, but TGF-β, IL-10 were undetected. Simultane- ously MSC in the coeuhure upregulated B7-H1 expression from basic expression 7% to higher than 70% ( P < 0.05 ). After interfere B7-H1 expression in MSC by specific siRNA, we detected lymphocyte proliferation and got higher cpm by 3H thymidine incorporation ( P < 0. 05 ). Conclusion MSC upregulated B7-H1 mo-lecular expression upon the stimuli of IFN-γ, and through the B7-H1/PD-1 pathway mediated immunosu-pression on lymphocyte proliferation.