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@#Dysphagia is often associated with incoordination between breathing and swallowing, resulting in the occurrence of aspiration, cough and aspiration pneumonia. This article reviewed the specific physiological mechanisms of respiration and swallowing and their clinical applications, which aimed to focus on the relationship between respiration and swallowing systems in health and disease, and to explore its guiding value in the clinical treatment of dysphagia.
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BACKGROUND:Rehabilitation training equipments play an important role in the rehabilitation treatment. Because of poor muscle strength and joint mobility in patients, we must guarantee the safety of rehabilitation training equipments. OBJECTIVE:To design a new suitable man-machine interface that ensures patients can use rehabilitation equipments and even parts of fitness equipments safely. METHODS:Through user experience research, we found the flaws of the existing rehabilitation equipment. Depending on the principles of ergonomics, we designed a new man-machine interface for upper limb exercise through survey and computer-aided design. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The new man-machine interface program achieves the rapid wear and discharge between patients and rehabilitation training equipment, and importantly, it can automatical y separate people from the equipment when the patient's body discomforts or equipment failure appears. What’s more, this man-machine interface can be promoted to other fitness equipments. As a result, rehabilitation training for patients wil be more convenient.
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BACKGROUND:Digital three-dimensional model which can reflect the fine structure of the chambers inside heart not only enhances the understanding of cardiac physiology, but also provides basic medical data for the study of cardiac electrophysiology simulation and endocardial electrophysiological mapping navigation. OBJECTIVE:To construct the digital three-dimensional model of cardiac cavity from sectional data and in conformity with the actual anatomical structure. METHODS:Image segmentation was accomplished in MATLAB environment. Firstly, registration of human cardiac cavity slice dataset was realized. Secondly, classifying each composition was achieved by clustering method according to color characteristics of the image. Then, both cardiac cavity and related connected region was distinguished by region growing method. At last, the processed image was reconstructed through dedicated medical processing software into three-dimensional model of the cardiac cavity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The proposed method could reconstruct quite exquisite three-dimensional model of the cardiac cavity. In models, left and right atrial and ventricular structure was clear. Aorta and superior vena cava were visible. Three tricuspid and mitral valve were also observed. Results indicated that reconstructed model can reflect the anatomical characteristics of cardiac cavity accurately, and provide basic medical data for the study on electrophysiological simulation and endocardial electric mapping.