Clinical characteristics of metabolically healthy obese individuals and risk analysis of progression into abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of metabolically healthy obese ( MHO) individuals, and to explore the risk of progression into metabolic disorders after 3 years. Methods A total of 3943 residents in Jining City were evaluated twice from February 2012 to August 2015, and 3766 individuals were enrolled excluding those with missing data. Of the subjects, 875 subjects were screened as metabolic normal population, which were divided into MHO(n = 127), metabolically healthy overweight (MHOW, n = 386), and metabolically healthy normal weight ( MHNW, n = 362) groups. T test, x2 test, and logistic regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results The incidence of MHO was 11. 63％ (127 / 1092) in obesity, and the proportion of MHO in females was higher than that in males(13. 91％ vs 7. 82％ , P<0. 05). Compared with MHNW group, the levels of HbA1C , fasting insulin, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C), triglyceride ( TG), glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), and waist circumference(WC) were higher in MHO while glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower(all P<0. 05); and fasting insulin, LDL-C, TG, GGT, SBP, WC were higher in MHOW while HDL-C was lower (all P<0. 05). The levels of fasting insulin, TG, SBP, WC were higher in MHO while GFR and HDL-C were lower compared with MHOW(all P<0. 05). Following up for 3 years, the incidences of dyslipidemia in MHNW, MHOW, and MHO were 17. 96％ (65 / 362), 32. 90％ (127 / 386), 42. 52％ (54 / 127), respectively, with significant difference among three groups(P<0. 05). The incidences of hyperglycemia in the three groups were 20. 17％ (73 / 362), 22. 80％(88 / 386), 26. 77％ (34 / 127), respectively, without significant difference among groups ( all P > 0. 05). After adjustment for some factors including sex, age, fasting insulin, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, GGT, and creatinine, the risks of dyslipidemia in MHO ( OR = 2. 193, 95％ CI 1. 359-3. 539, P<0. 05) and MHOW(OR= 1. 705, 95％ CI 1. 190-2. 443, P<0. 05) were significantly increased as compared with MHNW. Conclusion Compared with MHNW individuals, MHOW/ MHO individuals show an obviously different clinical feature as well as with higher risks of dyslipidemia after 3 years.

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Guangdong province, during winter of 2017-2018 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Guangdong province,during the winter of 2017-2018,to provide evidence for response to the diversity of influenza,in different seasonal patterns.Methods Data on weekly influenza surveillance from January 2016 to April 2018,were collected in Guangdong.Information on patients with Influenza-like illness (ILI),on influenza virus positive rates and on outbreaks during the winter of 2017 to 2018,was analyzed and compared with those in spring of 2016 and summer of 2017.x2 test and Fisher exact test were used.Results In the above said winter,the average percentage of visits for ILI in 28 hospitals where sentinel surveillance program had been set,was 4.99％ (157 235/3 149 656),which was above the level of the same period in the previous five years.The positive rates of influenza virus among samples collected from ILI outpatients and hospitalized cases under severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) were 28.33％ (2 137/7 543) and 14.93％ (256/1 715),with the proportions of B (Yamagata) as 70.43％ (1 505/2 137) and 73.05％ (187/256) respectively.A total of 257 influenza outbreaks were reported in the winter period,with 82.49％ (212/257) occurred in elementary schools.Cases aged 6-14 years occurred in winter and spring appeared of having higher positive rate than those seen in summer (P＜0.05) whereas elderly cases aged 60 and above showed higher positive rate in summer than those in winter and spring two seasons (P＜0.05).Conclusions Epidemiological characteristics of influenza appeared in Guangdong province,during the winter from 2017 to 2018,were correlated to Influenza B (Yamagata).Capacity on the implementation of surveillance programs and on the coverage of vaccination should be improved and increased in order to control influenza in different epidemic seasons,in Guangzhou.

Epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Guangdong province, during winter of 2017-2018 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Guangdong province,during the winter of 2017-2018,to provide evidence for response to the diversity of influenza,in different seasonal patterns.Methods Data on weekly influenza surveillance from January 2016 to April 2018,were collected in Guangdong.Information on patients with Influenza-like illness (ILI),on influenza virus positive rates and on outbreaks during the winter of 2017 to 2018,was analyzed and compared with those in spring of 2016 and summer of 2017.x2 test and Fisher exact test were used.Results In the above said winter,the average percentage of visits for ILI in 28 hospitals where sentinel surveillance program had been set,was 4.99％ (157 235/3 149 656),which was above the level of the same period in the previous five years.The positive rates of influenza virus among samples collected from ILI outpatients and hospitalized cases under severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) were 28.33％ (2 137/7 543) and 14.93％ (256/1 715),with the proportions of B (Yamagata) as 70.43％ (1 505/2 137) and 73.05％ (187/256) respectively.A total of 257 influenza outbreaks were reported in the winter period,with 82.49％ (212/257) occurred in elementary schools.Cases aged 6-14 years occurred in winter and spring appeared of having higher positive rate than those seen in summer (P＜0.05) whereas elderly cases aged 60 and above showed higher positive rate in summer than those in winter and spring two seasons (P＜0.05).Conclusions Epidemiological characteristics of influenza appeared in Guangdong province,during the winter from 2017 to 2018,were correlated to Influenza B (Yamagata).Capacity on the implementation of surveillance programs and on the coverage of vaccination should be improved and increased in order to control influenza in different epidemic seasons,in Guangzhou.

Generation of Apak stably knockout cell lines and variation of their p53 activity and apoptosis / 军事医学

Objective To establish an Apak gene stable and permanent knockout cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 system in human colon cancer cells ( HCT116 cells), and study the effect of Apak knock-out on p53 activity and apoptosis. Methods The lentiCRISPR v2-sgRNA Apak expression plasmid was co-transfected with lentivirus coated plasmids pSPAX2 and pMD2.G.The supernatant was collected, filtered, and used to infect HCT116 cells.The positive clones were screened out by puromycin culture and Western blot was used to detect Apak knockout cell lines.Luciferase reporter gene assay, flow cytometry analysis and colony formation assay were used to examine p53 activity and apoptosis of Apak knockout cells, respectively.Results Apak knockout HCT116 cell lines were generated in which p53 activity and apoptosis were increased,but the colony formation was decreased.Conclusion The Apak stable knockout cell lines of HCT116 are successfully generated by CRISPR/Cas9 system for further functional study.

Seroepidemiological analysis of hepatitis B among children aged 1-14 in 3 counties of Guangdong province in 2013 / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the epidemic status of Hepatitis B in children aged 1-14 in 3 counties of Guangdong province in 2013, and to evaluate the effect of hepatitis control in children aged 1-14 after hepatitis B vaccine was integrated into the national immunization program in 2002 and catch-up vaccination was conducted from 2009 to 2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A multi-stage stratified random sampling was designed to survey 1 621 children aged 1-14 in rural area of Nanxiong county, Haifeng county and Xinxing county by questionnaires including general information, medical history and risk factors. The samples were tested with chemiluminescence method to detect hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg), antibody to HbsAg (anti-HBs) and antibody to HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). Chi-square test was used to compare the positive rate of HBV serum markers in different age groups, vaccine histories, birth weight and HBV infection status of mother.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the children aged 1-14 in 3 counties rural regions of Guangdong province, the positive rate of HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc was 1.11% (18/1 621), 60.69% (982/1 618) and 1.92% (31/1 617), respectively. The HBsAg positive rate of vaccinated children (0.84%, 13/1 547) was lower than that of unvaccinated children (1/13) or children with unknown vaccination status (6.56%, 4/61) (χ² = 22.64, P < 0.001). The HBsAg positive rate (0.45%, 5/1 118) of the children with birth-dose given within 24 hours was lower than those that of children given beyond 24 hours (2.63%, 61/190) (χ² = 10.21, P < 0.001). The HBsAg positive rate (5/18) of children with birth weight under 2 kilogram was higher than that of children with birth weight above 2 kilogram (0.78%, 12/1 548) (χ² = 120.8, P < 0.001). The HBsAg positive rate of children born to HBsAg-positive mothers (2.80%, 3/107) was higher than that of children born to HBsAg-negative mothers (0.21%, 1/470) (χ² = 8.50, P = 0.004). With the age increasing, the coverage and timely birth-dose coverage of Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) decreased, and the positive rate of anti-HBs gradually decreased.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>After the catch-up vaccination was conducted in unvaccinated children aged 1-14 years from 2009 to 2011, the HBsAg and anti-HBc positive rate decreased, while the anti-HBs positive rate increased significantly.</p>

Triglycerides and ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are better than liver enzymes to identify insulin resistance in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Insulin resistance (IR) plays an important pathophysiological role in the development of diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Moreover, IR can occur even in non-obese people without diabetes. However, direct detection of IR is complicated. In order to find a simple surrogate marker of IR early in non-obese people, we investigate the association of commonly-used biochemical markers (liver enzymes and lipid profiles) with IR in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This cross-sectional study included 1 987 subjects (1 473 women). Fasting blood samples were collected for measurement of glucose, insulin, liver enzymes, lipid profiles and creatinine. Subjects whose homeostasis model of assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) index values exceeded the 75th percentile (2.67 for women and 2.48 for men) of the population were considered to have IR. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to compare the power of potential markers in identifying IR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Triglycerides (TG) and ratio of TG to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) discriminated IR better than other indexes for both sexes; areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (AUC) values were 0.770 (95% confidence interval 0.733-0.807) and 0.772 (0.736-0.809), respectively, for women and 0.754 (0.664-0.844) and 0.756 (0.672-0.840), respectively, for men. To identify IR, the optimal cut-offs for TG and TG/HDL-C ratio were 1.315 mmol/L (sensitivity 74.3%, specificity 71.0%) and 0.873 (sensitivity 70.1%, specificity 73.4%), respectively, for women, and 1.275 mmol/L (sensitivity 66.7%, specificity 74.4%) and 0.812 (sensitivity 75.8%, specificity 69.2%), respectively, for men.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TG and TG/HDL-C ratio could be used to identify IR in urban middle-aged and older non-obese Chinese without diabetes.</p>

Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 prevents partially burn serum-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate whether small GTPase RhoA's downstream effector Rho kinase mediates burn serum-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. METHODS: Primary cultured rat dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMECs) were exposed to serum isolated from burned or sham burn rats for 6 hours and 8 hours, respectively, and did or didn't pretreated or post-treated with Y-27632 (30 ?mol/L), a specific inhibitor of Rho kinase. ECs were then prepared for routine scanning electron microscopy observation, or stained with rhodamine-phalloidin for F-actin visualization. Permeability to FITC-albumin was evaluated using EC monolayers. RESULTS: Stimulation with 15% burn serum for 6 h changed the ultrastructure on cellular surface of DMECs with appearance of ripple marks instead of microvillus. The small protuberances at cellular lateral were shorten and the gaps were seen between adjacent cells. Post-treatment of Y-27632 reversed the changes of ultrastructure on the cellular surface. Burn serum induced a striking reorganization of actin cytoskeleton with a weakening of fluorescent intensity of the peripheral filament bands and formation of the long and thick stress fibers, lamellipodia and filopodia. The stress fibers were diminished by pretreatment or post-treatment of Y-27632. But lamellipodia and filopodia were not influenced by pretreatment or post-treatment of Y-27632. Pre-treatment of Y-27632 also attenuated significantly the increase in EC monolayer permeability stimulated by burn serum for 6 h. However, post-treatment of Y-27632 could not attenuated burn serum-induced endothelial hyperpermeability response although their Pa values were lower than simple burn serum group's. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that Rho kinase is involved in the mediation of burn serum-induced endothelial actin cytoskeleton reorganization and early stage of barrier dysfunction. [

The renal L-arginine/nitric oxide pathway and erythrocyte L-arginine transport in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM: To investigate the changes of the renal L-arginine /nitric oxide pathway and the relationship of L-arginine transport between kidney and erythrocytes in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). METHODS: Sixteen week old SHR, 16 week old SHR with captopril (CAP) treated for four weeks and 16 week old WKY rats were used in the experiment. L-arginine transport, NO synthase(NOS) activity, nitrite and cyclic GMP (cGMP) content were measured in renal tissue or erythrocytes. RESULTS: In the renal tissue, compared with that of WKY group, the Vmax of high-or low-affinity L-arginine transporter, NOS activity, NO - 2 and cGMP content of SHR group were significantly decreased ( P