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Background: Signal averaged ECG is a high-resolution electrocardiography which detects ventricular late potentials in patients susceptible to ventricular arrhythmias. Ventricular late potentials are identified on the basis of three parameters detected on signal averaged ECG. This study was planned to determine the correlation of signal averaged ECG parameters with left ventricular mass index in hypertensive patients
Methods: Sixty-four patients with systemic arterial hypertension were enrolled in the study. Patients with acute or old myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular accident, heart failure, structural heart disease, bundle branch block and cardiomyopathies were excluded. Holter monitors [DMS 300 4L] were used to obtain 3 channel signal averaged ECG recording. CardioScan premium luxury software was used for analysis of ventricular late potentials
Results: There were 49 [76.6%] males and 15 [23.4%] female patients [n=64] with mean age of 60+/-11.83 years. Eleven patients [17.2%] had ventricular late potentials whereas 53 [82.8%] were without them. The mean values for filtered QRS complex, low amplitude signals, root mean square voltage, noise and left ventricular mass index were 108.52+/-23.63 ms, 28.81+/-20.78 ms, 92.17+/-51.02 µv, 0.29+/-0.26 µv and 140.48+/-68.26 g/m2 respectively. Left ventricular mass index was significantly and positively correlated with filtered QRS complex [p<0.001] and low amplitude signals [p=0.03] whereas the correlation with root means square voltage was not significant [p=0.84]. Left ventricular mass index had significant and positive correlation with ventricular late potentials [p=0.009]
Conclusion: Patients with higher left ventricular mass index are at greater risk of developing ventricular late potentials which are reflective of ventricular arrhythmias. In hypertensive patients with increased left ventricular mass index the arrhythmogenesis seems to be more related to duration of the cardiac signal as compared to its voltage
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Objective: To observe the preventive effects of Punica granatum [pomegranate] juice and extract on weight and volume of steroid induced mice kidneys. Study Design: Lab based randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College [AMC] Rawalpindi, in cooperation with National Institute of Health [NIH] Islamabad, from Apr to May 2015
Material and Methods: Forty male and female healthy [BALB/c strain] mice with average weight of 25-30gms were divided into four groups, having ten animals each. Group A was a control group and groups B, C and D were experimental groups. Mice in experimental groups were injected Nandrolone decanoate [ND] at the dosage of 1 mg/100 gm of body weight, intramuscularly [I/M] in the hind limb once a week for 8 weeks. Mice in experimental group C were also given pomegranate juice [PJ] at the dosage of 3ml/kg of body weight through oral gavage tube for 8 weeks daily and mice in experimental group D were given pomegranate peel extract [PPE] at the dosage of 200mg/kg of body weight by oral gavage tube for 8 weeks daily. Intergroup comparison of results of experimental groups B, C and D with each other and with control group A was done
Results: The weight and volume of kidneys were significantly different in ND treated experimental group B and difference in both these parameters was seen in pomegranate administered experimental groups C and D
Conclusion: Pomegranate in both forms, as pomegranate juice and peels extract, equally prevent the weight and volume of steroid induced kidneys
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Objective: To investigate the effects of anabolic androgenic steroid on histomorphology of the proximal and distal renal tubules in mice kidney and amelioration of these effects with Punica granatum [Pomegranate]. Study Design: It was laboratory based randomized control trial. Place and Duration of Study: Anatomy Department, Army Medical College Rawalpindi, in collaboration with National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad, from Apr to May 2015
Material and Method: Forty healthy male and female BALB/c mice weighing 25-30gms were equally divided into four groups. Group A served as a control group and groups B, C and D served as experimental groups. Mice in these three experimental groups were injected Nandrolone decanoate [ND] at the dose of 1 mg/100 gm body weight, as single intramuscular injection in the hind limb once a week for 8 weeks. Mice in experimental group C was also given pomegranate juice [PJ] at the dose of 3ml/kg body weight by oral gavage tube for 8 weeks daily and mice in experimental group D was given pomegranate peel extract [PPE] at the dose of 200mg/kg body weight by oral gavage tube for 8 weeks daily. The results of experimental groups B, C and D were compared with control group A and with each other
Results: In experimental group B, proximal and distal tubular and luminal diameters were significantly increased when compared with control group A, and these parameters were improved statistically when compared with pomegranate juice and pomegranate peel extract administered experimental groups C and D, respectively
Conclusion: Punica granatum in both forms, as Pomegranate juice and Pomegranate peel extract, has nearly equal ameliorative effects on steroid induced renal tubular damage
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Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of transabdominal ultrasonography [US] in staging of Wilms tumor, taking transabdominal contrast enhanced computed tomography [CT] of abdomen as gold standard. Study Design: Cross sectional/validation study. Place and Duration of Study: Radiology department, Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from Apr 2006 to Mar 2007
Material and Methods: Thirty patients presenting with Wilms tumor underwent transabdominal ultrasound and CT abdomen with contrast for staging. All of them were evaluated for age, gender, presenting complaints, signs and symptoms. As patients were children so consent was taken from their parents. X-ray chest of all of the patients was done to exclude pulmonary metastasis
Results: For stage-I: Ultrasound correctly staged 10 out of 15 cases of stage-I [66.6%] and over staged 5 out of 15 cases of stage-I [33.3%]. For stage-II: Ultrasound correctly staged 2 out of 8 cases of stage-II [25%] and incorrectly staged 6 out of 8 cases of stage-II [75%]. For stage-III: Ultrasound correctly staged 4 out of 7 cases of stage-III [57%] and incorrectly staged 3 out of 7 cases of stage-III [43%]
Conclusion: In children, ultrasound abdomen plays a vital role in cases of renal tumors for differential diagnosis, staging, monitoring of therapy and surgical planning. Diagnostic information obtained from CT and ultrasound examinations are complementary in many instances, however, computed tomography [CT] has been shown to be superior to ultrasound [US] in this regard
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Background: Athletes use anabolic androgenic steroids in excess of normal therapeutic levels to improve their stamina and performance, and this apparently describes the increase in their toxic side effects
Objective: To determine the ameliorative effects of Pomegranate Juice and Pomegranate Peel Extract on steroid induced inflammation in mice kidneys
Methodology: Study Design: Laboratory based Randomized control study
Duration and Place of Study: Department of Anatomy, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, in cooperation with National Institute of Health [NIH], Islamabad, from 1[st] May to 30[th] June 2015. Forty healthy male and female BALB/c mice with average weight of 25-30 gms were randomly distributed into four groups, each group with five male and five female mice. Group A worked as a control group and groups B, C and D worked as experimental groups. Mice in experimental groups B,C and D were given a single injection of [Nandrolone decanoate] ND intramuscularly, at the dose of 1 mg/100 gm body weight, in the hind limb once weekly for 8 weeks. Mice in experimental group C was also given pomegranate juice [PJ] at the dosage of 3ml/kg body weight via oral gavage tube daily for 8 weeks and mice in experimental group D was given pomegranate peel extract [PPE] at the dosage of 200mg/kg body weight via oral gavage tube daily for 8 weeks. The animals were sacrificed after the experimental period was over and kidney tissues were processed for sectioning and staining. The results of all the groups were compiled and compared by using SPSS 21. Comparison of qualitative variables between the groups was done by applying Chi square test
Results: Inflammatory infiltrate were significantly higher in steroid administered experimental group B and statistical improvement was seen when comparison of experimental group B was done with PJ and PPE administered experimental groups C and D, respectively [p=0.001and 0.000]. Comparison of experimental groups C and D showed no statistical significance [p=1.0]
Conclusion: It was concluded that both forms of Pomegranate has ameliorative effects on steroid induced inflammatory changes in mice kidneys
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Background: Chronic kidney disease [CKD] has a high mortality rate and is an inevitable consequence of many kidney diseases. This study assessed incidence of hyperparathyroidism in patients with CKD
Methods: This was a retrospective observational study. A total of 300 samples were screened, out of which 165 were selected which included 96 males and 67 females. The blood levels of iPTH, urea, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and albumin were analyzed using electrochemiluminescence technology [iECL] on Cobas e411 for iPTH and spectrophotometric technology on Cobas c501 for the rest of the parameters
Results: All the patients had abnormal renal function, out of which 29.7% had normal iPTH levels and 70.3% had elevated iPTH levels. Normal iPTH was seen in 19.4% males and 10.3% females, whereas in the elevated iPTH was seen in 40% males and 30.3% females. The t-test between normal and abnormal iPTH showed a significant correlation [p<0.05] between iPTH, urea, creatinine and albumin levels, whereas no significant correlation was seen with calcium, magnesium and phosphorus levels
Conclusion: There was a positive correlation between iPTH levels and levels of urea, creatinine, and albumin exhibiting increased iPTH levels in CKD patients suggesting underlying secondary hyperparathyroidism
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Objective: Anti-thyroid peroxidase [anti-TPO] and Anti -thyroglobulin antibodies [anti-TG] are members of thyroid auto-antibodies that are considered important markers of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease. Our retrospective observational study assesses the frequency distribution of serum levels of Anti thyroid peroxidase [anti-TPO], anti thyroglobulin [anti-Tg], thyroid hormones T3, T4 and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone [TSH]
Methods: Both male [n=60] and female [n=58] individuals were selected and their serum levels of TSH, T4, T3, anti-TG and anti-TPO antibodies were examined using Electrochemiluminescence technology in Cobas e411
Results: Anti-TPO was considerably high in both male and female hypothyroid patients compared to hyperthyroid patients. Sixty-three percent females had elevated anti-TPO levels compared to 42% of male patients. Anti-TG was elevated in 74% of normal female patients as compared to hyper- or hypothyroid patients. In males, 41% of hypothyroid patients showed elevated anti-TG levels compared to hyperthyroid or normal patients
Conclusion: Anti-TPO and anti-TG are proficient markers for assessing the patients with suspicion of autoimmune thyroid disease in addition to its ability to characterize prevalence of both clinical and sub clinical thyroid diseases