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1.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 37(3): 401-407, junio 14, 2022. tab, fig
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1378694

RESUMO

Introducción. A nivel mundial los tumores gastrointestinales tienen un impacto importante en la mortalidad y se asocian a diferentes factores, entre ellos regionales y sociodemográficos. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la variación en el tiempo del cáncer gastrointestinal en una población del centro occidente de Colombia, dada su alta incidencia y desenlace frecuentemente fatal.Métodos. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional con muestreo no probabilístico en un tiempo de seis años. Se seleccionaron pacientes diagnosticados con algún tipo de neoplasia del tracto digestivo, en un hospital de tercer nivel del centro occidente de Colombia. Resultados. Se evaluaron un total de 1152 pacientes. Los tumores del tracto digestivo superior (esófago, unión esófago-gástrica y estómago) fueron los más frecuentes (44 %), seguidos de los tumores del tracto digestivo medio e inferior (intestino delgado, colon, recto y ano; 31 %) y de los tumores hepato-bilio-pancreáticos (25 %). La edad media de presentación fue 64,6 años, con una mayor frecuencia en el sexo masculino (51,6 %). El adenocarcinoma fue el tipo histológico más común.Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio muestran que los tumores gastrointestinales son una neoplasia frecuente en nuestro país, siendo los tumores gástricos los que se presentan con mayor prevalencia, seguidos de los tumores colorrectales y las neoplasias biliopancreáticas, las cuales se mantiene en el tiempo.


Introduction. Worldwide, gastrointestinal tumors have a significant impact on mortality and are associated with different factors, including regional and sociodemographics. The objective of this study was to describe the variation over time of gastrointestinal cancer in a population from Central-Western Colombia, given its high incidence and frequently fatal outcome. Methods. An observational retrospective study with non-probabilistic sampling was carried out over a period of six years. Patients diagnosed with some type of neoplasm of the digestive tract were selected in a tertiary care hospital in the Central-Western Colombia. Results. A total of 1152 patients were evaluated. Tumors of the upper digestive tract (esophagus, esophagogastric junction, and stomach) were the most frequent (44%), followed by tumors of the middle and lower digestive tract (small intestine, colon, rectum and anus; 31%), and hepatobiliary-pancreatic tumors (25%). The mean age of presentation was 64.6 years with a higher frequency in males (51.6%). Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type.Conclusion. The results of this study show that gastrointestinal tumors are a frequent neoplasm in our country, with gastric tumors being the most prevalent, followed by colorectal tumors and biliopancreatic neoplasms, which are maintained over time.


Assuntos
Humanos , Mortalidade , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais , Estômago , Incidência , Colo , Neoplasias
2.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 85(6): 617-630, dic. 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1508018

RESUMO

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: El cáncer de ovario es la neoplasia de origen ginecológico más letal y el 90% de los casos son de origen epitelial. Se ha postulado el origen del cáncer epitelial de ovario (CEO) en las fimbrias de las trompas de Falopio, por lo cual, se ha sugerido la realización de la salpingectomía oportunista como método de prevención primaria. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la frecuencia con que los ginecólogos adscritos a la Federación Colombiana de Ginecología y Obstetricia (FECOLSOG) incluyeron salpingectomías oportunistas en su práctica clínica durante los años 2017-2018. MÉTODOS: Se realizó una encuesta a los ginecólogos adscritos a la FECOLSOG. Las variables analizadas incluyeron características demográficas, práctica profesional, método de prevención primaria de cáncer de ovario en pacientes de bajo riesgo y la realización o no de la salpingectomía oportunista y sus respectivas razones. Las variables cualitativas se analizaron con frecuencias absolutas y relativas, mientras que las cuantitativas con medidas de tendencia central y desviaciones estándar con el software STATA 13. RESULTADOS: De 1765 ginecólogos contactados, 353 contestaron la encuesta (tasa de respuesta del 20%). El 62.5% de estos realizan salpingectomía oportunista en su práctica ginecológica y de estos, el 75.2% lo hizo para prevenir cáncer de ovario. Entre las razones manifestadas por los especialistas para no realizar salpingectomía oportunista, el 12.5% no la consideraba un factor de protección frente al cáncer de ovario y un 14.4% consideraba que incrementaba el riesgo de falla ovárica temprana y morbilidad asociada. CONCLUSIÓN: Aunque existen controversias en su realización, la salpingectomía oportunista muestra ser una conducta adoptada por ginecólogos adscritos a FECOLSOG. Se requieren investigaciones futuras para determinar la efectividad de la salpingectomía e implementar estrategias de prevención del cáncer epitelial de ovario.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy and 90% of cases are of epithelial origin. Recently, different investigations attribute their origin to the fimbriae of the fallopian tubes, reason why it has been suggested to perform elective salpingectomy for the prevention of high-grade adenocarcinoma, its most frequent histological variant. This research aims to determine the frequency with which gynecologists from the Colombian Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FECOLSOG) included this procedure in their clinical practice during the years 2017-2018. METHODS: A survey was sent electronically to the gynecologists assigned to FECOLSOG on three different occasions with an interval of 15 days between them. The variables analyzed included demographic characteristics, professional practice, primary prevention method of Ovarian Cancer in low-risk patients and the performance or not of elective salpingectomy with their respective reasons. Qualitative variables were analyzed with absolute and relative frequencies, while quantitative variables with measures of central tendency and standard deviations with STATA 13 software. RESULTS: From 1765 gynecologists contacted at least once via email, 353 answered the survey, indicating a response rate of 20%. 62.5% perform elective salpingectomy in their gynecological practice and of these, 75.2% do so to prevent ovarian cancer. Among the reasons for not practicing salpingectomy, 12.5% ​​do not consider it a protective factor for ovarian cancer, and 14.4% believe that it increases the risk of early ovarian failure and morbidity. CONCLUSION: Elective salpingectomy is a promising procedure as a preventive measure against epithelial ovarian cancer. Although there are controversies regarding its performance, salpingectomy seems to be a common practice amongst gynecologists from FECOLSOG, and seems to have higher recurrence within this field. Future research is required to determine the effectiveness of salpingectomy and thus, implement the best strategies for ovarian cancer prevention.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Ovarianas/prevenção & controle , Salpingectomia/métodos , Ginecologista/psicologia , Padrões de Prática Médica , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Eletivos , Colômbia , Comportamento de Redução do Risco , Motivação
3.
Rev. colomb. cir ; 35(4): 570-574, 2020. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1147898

RESUMO

Introducción. Para establecer una frecuencia de seguimiento como método de tamización en cáncer gástrico, se propone la endoscopia en pacientes mayores de 35 años con síntomas de dispepsia, y en pacientes mayores de 40 años con alto riesgo. La demora en la realización de la primera endoscopia en la vida de un paciente incrementa el riesgo de no detectar lesiones premalignas ni cáncer potencialmente prevenible. Los objetivos de nuestro estudio fueron describir el número de pacientes mayores de 40 años con endoscopia de primera vez y evaluar la presencia de lesiones premalignas y malignas del estómago en pacientes sin tamización. Métodos. Revisión retrospectiva de base de datos. Se describieron hallazgos de informes de histopatología en pacientes mayores de 40 años (lesiones premalignas y malignas). Adicionalmente se describieron las variables sociodemográficas de los pacientes con endoscopia de primera vez y la presencia de infección por Helicobacter pylori en la población mencionada. Resultados. Setenta y ocho pacientes (23,6 %) tuvieron una endoscopia de primera vez siendo mayores de 40 años. En el 44 % de los pacientes se encontró la presencia de Helicobacter pylori, 25,4 % de los pacientes presentaron atrofia gástrica, 23,1 % metaplasia, ningún paciente presentó displasia y un paciente (1,3 %) presentó un adenocarcinoma gástrico. Discusión. Los resultados de nuestro estudio muestran un número elevado de pacientes sin endoscopia de tamización. Nuestro estudio resalta la importancia del uso de la endoscopia de tamización en la prevención, así como en el diagnóstico temprano de cáncer gástrico y sugiere mayor adherencia a las guías de práctica clínica


Introduction. To establish a frequency of follow-up as a screening method for gastric cancer, endoscopy is pro-posed in patients older than 35 years with symptoms of dyspepsia, and in patients older than 40 years at high risk. The delay in performing the first endoscopy in a patient's life increases the risk of not detecting premalignant lesions or potentially preventable cancer. The aims of our study were to describe the number of patients older than 40 years with first-time endoscopy and to assess the presence of premalignant and malignant stomach lesions in patients without screening.Methods. Retrospective database review. Histopathology report findings in patients older than 40 years (prema-lignant and malignant lesions) were described. Additionally, the sociodemographic variables of patients with first-time endoscopy and the presence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the mentioned population were described.Results. Seventy-eight patients (23.6%) had a first-time endoscopy being older than 40 years. Helicobacter pylori was found in 44% of the patients, 25.4% of the patients had gastric atrophy, 23.1% had metaplasia, no patient had dysplasia and one patient (1.3%) had gastric adenocarcinoma. Discusions. The results of our study show a high number of patients without screening endoscopy. Our study highlights the importance of the use of screening endoscopy in prevention, as well as in the early diagnosis of gastric cancer, and suggests greater adherence to clinical practice guidelines


Assuntos
Humanos , Endoscopia , Neoplasias Gástricas , Programas de Rastreamento , Helicobacter pylori
4.
Rev. med. Risaralda ; 20(2): 134-135, jul.-dic. 2014.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-760948

RESUMO

La medicina del viajero es una disciplina que se ha constituido y afianzado en el mundo entero durante los últimos 20 años y América Latina no ha sido la excepción (1-4). En la región se organizó, en 2008, el Primer Congreso Latinoamericano de Medicina del Viajero, que marcó la consolidación de la creación de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Medicina del Viajero (SLAMVI), la cual es una organización científica de alcance latinoamericano dedicada a tratar la problemática de la salud en los viajeros, preservando la salud individual, de las comunidades emisoras y receptoras, y promoviendo el cuidado del medio ambiente (5).


Travel medicine is a discipline that has been established and consolidated throughout the world during the last 20 years and Latin America has not been the exception (1-4). In the region, the First Latin American Congress of Traveler's Medicine was organized in 2008, which marked the consolidation of the creation of the Latin American Society of Traveler's Medicine (SLAMVI), which is a Latin American scientific organization dedicated to treating the health problems in travelers, preserving the health of the individual, the sending and receiving communities, and promoting care for the environment (5).


Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina de Viagem , Futebol , Doenças Transmissíveis , Meio Ambiente
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 140(1): 66-72, ene. 2012. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-627609

RESUMO

Background: During hospitalization, hyper and hypoglycemia impairs the prognosis of diabetic patients. Strict glycemic control improves survival in intensive care units. There is no evidence to support it for patients in non-critical wards. Aim: To evaluate the glycemic control of diabetic patients in a non-critical medical unit, and estimate its effect on hospitalization and survival. Material and Methods: Prospective study of all patients admitted to a non-critical ward with a fasting blood glucose (BG) > 126 mg/dl or > 200 mg /dl at any time, and patients with known diabetes. Age, sex, type of diabetes, time since diagnosis, chronic complications, prior treatment, length of stay, admission and discharge diagnosis were registered. All capillary BG levels obtained from each patient until discharge, death or transfer, were registered. Results: Ninety nine patients aged 63 ± 13.4 years (42 males,) were included. Ninety one percent had a type 2 diabetes with a mean duration of 13.8 years. Mean hospital stay was 10.9 days. At least one hypoglycemia below 70 mg/dl occurred in 21% of patients and 39.4% had at least one episode with blood glucose over 300 mg/dl. Median hospital stay of patients with no episode of BG > 200 mg/dl was 6 days, 10.5 days among patients with at least one episode of BG > 300 mg/dl and 13 days among patients that had at least one episode of hypoglycemia (p = 0.02). Diabetes lasted nine years more among the latter (p < 0.01). Three patients that suffered hypoglycemia and two in the rest of the groups, died (NS). Conclusions: Two of three diabetic patients admitted to our non-critical medical ward have a non-optimal glycemic control. Appearance of hypoglycemia is associated with a longer hospital stay.


Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Glicemia/análise , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Índice Glicêmico , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde , Tempo de Internação , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Prospectivos
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