Intellectual impairment among epileptic children correlation with age of onset and duration of epilepsy

Intellectual impairment among epileptic children has been a subject of study throughout the modern era of epileptology. Early age of onset and long duration of epilepsy have been implicated as possible contributors. To test for this hyposis, 45 epileptic children and 20 normal controls of the same age group [6-16 years] were studied using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Revised [WISC-R]. Correlations between intellectual impairment and age of onset and duration of epilepsy were done. The results showed that epileptic children have significantly lower IQ than controls. Moreover, those with earlier seizure onset and longer seizure duration have significantly lower IQ. In conclusion, the earlier the age of onset and the longer the duration of epilepsy, the more the intellectual impairment

Cognitive dysfunction in epileptic children in correlation to seizure type, frequency and egg changes

This work was conducted on 46 epileptic children with EEG recording to study the problem of intellectual impairment in epileptic children. The intellectual functions [verbal IQ [VIQ], performance IQ [PIQ] and general IQ [GIQ]] were assessed using Wechsler intelligence scale for children revised [WISC-R]. The results showed a statistical significant difference between patients and controls as regard intellectual functions with higher IQ scores of the control group. There was an insignificant difference between patients with different seizure type, however children with generalized tonic clonic seizures had lower IQ scores than those with absence or complex partial seizures. It was concluded that epileptic seizure itself had a detrimental effect on intellectual functions rather than other risk factors, thus intractable epilepsy strongly deteriorated intellectual functions. Partial versus generalized seizures and normal interictal EEG were good predictor of normal intellectual functions in epileptic children

concept of need and demand and its application to dental care for central security soldiers in Alexandria

The difference between the physicians perception of need for medical services and that of the client has been discussed by many authors. There is always a certain degree of unrecognized need by the client due to incomplete knowledge of the characteristics of disease. Demand on the other hand, depends on the consumer and is basically an economic concept. This study was carried out with the aim of comparing between dental treatment needs as perceived by the dentist and the patient and clarifying the different barriers to transformation of recognized need into effective demand, as well as determining the effect of presence of a free clinic on the percent of met need and barriers to demand. The study was carried out in the three central security zones in Alexandria, only one of which had a clinic. Results revealed that 81.5% of those clinically assessed to need care recognized the need. However, 53.2% of the dental problems were unrecognized and these were mostly the non-painful conditions. The major bulk of filling need for the total sample was unmet [88.2%]. The zone with a clinic had the highest percent of met need for filling while those without a clinic had the highest percent of met need for extraction probably because they do not seek treatment early. The main barriers to utilization in the zones without a clinic were financial and no time for treatment, while for the zone with a clinic it was fear. Finally, it was recommended that soldiers should be educated about early recognition and treatment of dental problems in addition to performance of initial and annual dental examination, as well as provision of a dental clinic to serve the two zones without one