Effects of Customer Violence Experiences, Protection Systems, and Monitoring Systems on the Subjective Health Status of Workers: Focusing on Salespersons and Electronic Machine Repairers / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of customer violence experiences, protection systems, and monitoring systems on the subjective health status of salespersons and electronic machine repairers. @*Methods@#A total of 934 persons were sampled nationwide, including 582 salespersons and 352 electronic machine repairers, from March 2~30, 2020 and asked to fill out a self-reported questionnaire. @*Results@#The findings show that electronic machine repairers were more exposed to customer violence and had a weaker protection system than salespersons. They also experienced severe control from management through a monitoring system. The regression analysis revealed that verbal violence had a negative impact on the subjective health status of electronic machine repairers (p=.021). A worker protection system had significant effects on the improved subjective health status of salespersons (p=.009). Depression and fatigue had negative impacts on the subjective health status of both salespersons (depression: p<.001, fatigue: p<.001) and electronic machine repairers (depression: p<.001, fatigue: p=.002). @*Conclusion@#These findings put a greater emphasis on the need for worker protection systems to prevent workplace violence and a health promotion program to manage depression and fatigue in workplaces.

Characteristics of Industrial Accident Deaths by Year and Industry / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#The current status and rationale of industrial accidents needs to be examined to develop scientific and systemic preventive measures. @*Methods@#The aim of this study is to analyze the current data on industrial accidents provided by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and categorize work-related deaths by types of industries and annual report. @*Results@#First, the highest number of deaths occurred in industries that had less than 50 people. Second, in the manufacturing industry, the highest death rate was found in workers in the age group 50-59 years. In the construction industry, workers aged 50 and above had the highest number of deaths. In other industries, workers aged 60 and above had the highest number of deaths. Third, the highest number of deaths occurred in workers with less than one year of experience in any industry Fourth, in most industries, the highest work-related deaths occurred during weekdays (Monday~Friday). In 2015, the warehouse delivery industry had 33% higher work-related deaths on the weekends (Saturday and Sunday) as compared to other industries. Fifth, in most industries, the highest work-related deaths occurred from 8 AM to 6 PM. The warehouse delivery industry had higher work-related deaths from 10 PM to 8 AM as compared to other industries. @*Conclusion@#In order to increase the efficacy of industrial accident prevention, it is necessary to establish an effective health management system and apply strict safety management activities.

Factors Affecting the Job Performance of Occupational Health Manager at the Hospital / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#To identify the importance and performance levels of health management duties, work-related and general attributes of health managers in medical institutions and analyze their impact on the performance of managing health-care related tasks. @*Methods@#This research identified the performance levels of 150 health managers who have been executing industrial health-related duties for more than six months as nurses in medical institutions with more than 30 hospital beds. The variables which affect their performances were then analyzed. @*Results@#The average importance of health care duties was 8.1 out of 10 and 5.5 for performance levels.Multi-regression analysis on the variables affecting performance levels of health managers in medical institutions showed that health managers exhibit higher numbers under the following conditions: over 300 full-time employees, more than 1 year but less than 3 years of experience, positions above section chief level, affiliation to the safety and health department, and high perception of duty importance. @*Conclusion@#Improved cognizance of health manager importance should occur initially; then, health-care center setup, assigning of exclusive occupational health managers, and organizational efforts to improve the working environment in tandem with the provision of educational training programs to improve work quality are necessary.

The Effect of Providing Health and Safety Risk Information on the Subjective Health Status of Workers:Focusing on Workers using Protective Equipment / 한국직업건강간호학회지

Purpose@#This study aimed to evaluate the effect of information regarding health and safety risks on the subjective health status of workers using data from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey. @*Methods@#Among the survey respondents, 30,094 people classified as salaried workers, of which 8,513 (28.3%) used protective equipment. @*Results@#Although the majority of workers using protective equipment reported being well-informed about safety and health risks, 15% of them were still insufficiently informed. Multivariate analyses have shown that the subjective health status of workers using protective equipment was significantly better if they received sufficient information.When the workers using protective equipment were classified by the kinds of hazards they were exposed to, the satisfaction of information was also significantly beneficial for the subjective health status of all groups. However, in workers who did not use protective equipment, information satisfaction did not appear to be a significant factor. @*Conclusion@#These results suggest that when providing information on safety and health risks, it is necessary to focus on workers using protective equipment, for whom the effects of the policy are clearly expected.

An Analysis of Factors associated with Annual Trends in Childbirth Plans by Female Workers

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to identify factors of Korean female workers' childbirth plans and to establish measures to improve the childbirth plan. METHODS: Study subjects were selected part in the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year surveys of the Korean Longitudinal Panel Survey of Women and Families. The selection criteria were as follows: women who had a spouse; were salaried workers currently employed for the last one month; belonged to a childbearing age; and had less than 3 children. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors associated with childbirth plans. RESULTS: Childbirth plans by female workers decreased each year. The analysis of associated factors revealed that age, number of children were associated factors in all years. In addition, education, satisfaction about dividing household chores with the husband, and satisfaction about working environment were associated with the lack of planning for childbirth in female workers in the 1st survey year. Satisfaction about dividing household chores with the husband, family-work conflict, and satisfaction about the potential for personal development were associated factors in the 3rd survey year. Finally, family-work conflict, satisfaction about employment stability, and satisfaction about job task at work were associated factors in the 5th survey year. CONCLUSION: It is important to know the measures focusing on the lack of planning for childbirth, and hence these factors can be improved by assessing in general, family, and occupational characteristics. Additionally, employer policies regarding women employees who are pregnant or have children at home need to be reviewed.

Effects of Emotional Labor and Social Support on Turnover Intention of Hotel Workers / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study identified the influence of hotel workers' emotional labor and social support on their intentions to change jobs. METHODS: Study participants were 437 workers from seven hotels in Korea who consented to the survey. Among them, insufficient responses from 21 participants were excluded, as well as 107 responses from workers with workloads of under one hour of face to face work. Thus, 309 hotel workers were included in the final analysis. A multivariate regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the hotel workers' intention to change jobs. RESULTS: The intention to change jobs was high when external behavior was shown, and workers who received social support from a superior exhibited low intention of changing jobs. CONCLUSION: The study results show that the most influential variables of turnover intention are external behavior and the support of a superior. It is therefore important to educate managers on personnel management methods for reducing external behaviors so that the rate of job changes by hotel workers can be reduced. It is also necessary to prepare and manage measures for strengthening the support system by workplace superiors.

Analysis of Work Performance and Related Factors of Construction Site Health Manager / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the present status of the work performance of the construction industry health managers and the developmental direction for the construction industry health management. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 149 health managers working in the construction industry. Data of a total of 130 participants were analyzed by excluding the missing data among field workers. The contents of the survey were the characteristics of the workplace, the difficulties and requirements of health management, and the level of job performance. RESULTS: The factors affecting measuring work environment task were age, number of workers, number of safety managers, and lack of support from the headquarters. The factors affecting managing work environment and physicochemical harmful factors were age, type of contract and conflicting business opinions. The factors affecting implementing health examination were age, type of contract, and number of safety managers. The factors affecting healthcare were age, type of contract, number of safety manager, presence of healthcare room, and conflicting business opinions. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to provide practical guidance and practical resources, and education for strengthening capacity. The support for business owners and managers support is needed.

Effects of Emotional Labor and Social Support on Turnover Intention of Hotel Workers / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE@#This study identified the influence of hotel workers' emotional labor and social support on their intentions to change jobs.@*METHODS@#Study participants were 437 workers from seven hotels in Korea who consented to the survey. Among them, insufficient responses from 21 participants were excluded, as well as 107 responses from workers with workloads of under one hour of face to face work. Thus, 309 hotel workers were included in the final analysis. A multivariate regression analysis was used to identify factors influencing the hotel workers' intention to change jobs.@*RESULTS@#The intention to change jobs was high when external behavior was shown, and workers who received social support from a superior exhibited low intention of changing jobs.@*CONCLUSION@#The study results show that the most influential variables of turnover intention are external behavior and the support of a superior. It is therefore important to educate managers on personnel management methods for reducing external behaviors so that the rate of job changes by hotel workers can be reduced. It is also necessary to prepare and manage measures for strengthening the support system by workplace superiors.

Analysis of Work Performance and Related Factors of Construction Site Health Manager / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE@#The purpose of this study was to understand the present status of the work performance of the construction industry health managers and the developmental direction for the construction industry health management.@*METHODS@#The subjects of this study were 149 health managers working in the construction industry. Data of a total of 130 participants were analyzed by excluding the missing data among field workers. The contents of the survey were the characteristics of the workplace, the difficulties and requirements of health management, and the level of job performance.@*RESULTS@#The factors affecting measuring work environment task were age, number of workers, number of safety managers, and lack of support from the headquarters. The factors affecting managing work environment and physicochemical harmful factors were age, type of contract and conflicting business opinions. The factors affecting implementing health examination were age, type of contract, and number of safety managers. The factors affecting healthcare were age, type of contract, number of safety manager, presence of healthcare room, and conflicting business opinions.@*CONCLUSION@#It is necessary to provide practical guidance and practical resources, and education for strengthening capacity. The support for business owners and managers support is needed.

The Impact on the Musculoskeletal Symptoms of the Warehouse Employees's Work-related Characteristics and Job Stress / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between work-related characteristics and job stressors and the factors influencing musculoskeletal symptoms of the warehouse employees. METHODS: The research was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data were collected from 319 warehouse employees who agreed to participate in the study by using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, χ2-test, and logistic regression analysis (SPSS 18.0). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was 37.6%. The logistic regression analysis revealed a posture that renders fatigue or pain, repetitive work, and a higher total score of job stressors as the risk factors for musculoskeletal symptoms in many body parts. CONCLUSION: Employers should plan to educate employees who work in warehouses about the correct working posture to prevent musculoskeletal diseases, stop repetitive work, and manage job stressors.

Analysis of Cost Benefit Related to Appointing a Health Care Manager in the Construction Industry / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The construction worker has diverse harmful factors such as noise, dust, and dealing with chemicals. Therefore this research aimed to examine the necessity of appointing a health manager in the construction industry by examining the cost-benefit analysis when the construction industry appoints a health manager. METHODS: In order to calculate the healthcare staff employment cost and the benefits from their activities in 1,425 construction companies with the staff of 300 or more people during 2011, this study analyzed existing data and existing research data, as well as national data. RESULTS: Total annual costs were 99,920,070,900 won and total annual benefits were 324,807,182,625 won. Benefits were found to be 224,887,111,725 won exceeding costs. Benefit/cost ratio resulting from appointing a health manager in the construction industry workplaces was 3.25 times. CONCLUSION: The findings of this research can be used as the base data to make rational decision to positively encourage the employment of healthcare staff in construction companies pursuant to relevant laws.

The Effects of Health Counseling Programs by Occupational Health Nurses on the Unemployed Visiting the Employment Welfare Plus Center / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The present study was conducted to examine the effects of a health counseling program by occupational health nurses on the unemployed visiting the Employment Welfare Plus Center. METHODS: The one-group pretest-posttest design was used. The study presented a secondary analysis of the data collected in a health counseling program run by occupational health nurses for the unemployed visiting the Employment Welfare Plus Center. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk test, χ² test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to analyze 158 data collected between October 5, 2015 and January 5, 2016. RESULTS: After the intervention, the participants showed a significant decrease in the level of stress index (uBioMacpa), stress (discomfort), musculoskeletal pain and depression. In addition, the participants showed a significant increase in self-rated general health, exercise and regular eating behavior. CONCLUSION: The health counseling program offered by occupational health nurses is an effective intervention to improve the physical and mental health of the unemployed individuals visiting the Employment Welfare Plus Center.

The Effects of Individual Counseling for Bus-drivers to Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Secondary Data Analysis / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine the effects of individual counseling for bus-drivers on cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease prevention. METHODS: The one-group pretest-posttest design was used. This study presents a secondary analysis of data collected in 'contents of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease prevention program for bus-drivers in one workplace in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from 56 bus drivers, using questionnaires from September 10th to November 20th, 2014. The analysis was conducted with chi2 test and paired samples t-test using SPSS/Win 21.0. RESULTS: After the intervention, the participants showed a significant decrease in the level of systolic blood pressure (p=.003) and a significant increase in the total cholesterol level (p=.030). The distribution of cardiovascular risk groups changed after the intervention: 5.3% decreased in the high risk group, 16.1% decreased in the medium risk group, and 3.5% decreased in the low risk group, while 25.0% increased in the normal group. CONCLUSION: The comprehensive individual counseling including simple screening, tailored education and counseling is effective to manage their lifestyle risk factors, resulting in better maintenance of their health as well as preventing cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease.

Association between Job-related Factors and Metabolic Syndrome among Male and Female Workers: Using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study is performed to help manage the metabolic syndrome in work place by identifying the effect on metabolic syndrome with subjects of Korean adult workers. METHODS: Using part of data of "The Fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination survey 2nd year (2008)" which center for disease control is investigating. The general characteristics include age, educational level, occupation and marital status as factors affecting the metabolic syndrome of workers in this study. RESULTS: Work-related factors are the working environment in which they are working while they are pressed for time due to work status and overload. If the work status of worker is unpaid family member, the risk is increased by more than twice compared to paid workers. The risk for metabolic syndrome in work environment to work while fighting the clock is decreased compared to the work environment without time pressure. CONCLUSION: In order to manage the metabolic syndrome of workers, health promotion program to change management of both working condition and working environment can contribute to prevent the metabolic syndrome and ultimately prevent the cerebrocardiovascular diseases.

A Study on the Presenteeism of Call Center Workers in the Customer Service Business / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to investigate the degree of presenteeism, which lowers productivity when call center workers come to work with illness, and analyze the factors influencing it. METHODS: A survey was conducted for three months from July to September, 2013 to collect data. Questionnaires were distributed to 1,500 workers at 30 call centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province, of which were 1,274 returned and analyzed for the study. RESULTS: The findings show that the call center workers scored 15.4 points out of the maximum 30 on presenteeism based on SPS-6. The study examined factors that affect the presenteeism of call center workers and identified inner emotional labor, depression, subjective health condition, age and turnover intention as those factors. Their presenteeism was low when they engaged in more inner emotional labor, and when they had a good subjective health condition. The presenteeism was high when they had a higher degree of depression, were young, and had a higher turnover intention. CONCLUSION: The findings call for a need to implement a mental health promotion program to resolve call center workers' depression at work, help them manage their emotional labor to lower their turnover intention, improve their subjective health conditions, and run a health management program to consider the uniqueness of the young age group in order to prevent their increasing presenteeism.

Influence of Job Stress and Depression on Suicide Ideation of Women-workers in Service Industries / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of job stress, depression and to identify factors influencing suicide ideation of women-workers. METHODS: The research was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data collection was done using self-report questionnaires with 348 women-workers who agreed to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi2-test, logistic regression analysis by using SPSS/WIN 18.0. RESULTS: The results showed, among the independent variables, drinking, job stress, depression are significant factors that influence women-workers' suicide ideation. Women-workers' depression is 3.05 times higher (p<.002), and job stress 1.03 times higher suicide ideation (p<.045), and drinking 2.15 times higher suicidal ideation (p<.006). CONCLUSION: The results indicate that suicide ideation is highly prevalent in women-workers, especially among people with depression and job stress. It is necessary to seek how to prevent and manage womenworkers' suicide ideation considering features.

The Effects of U-Health Program on Metabolic Syndrome of Workers / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of U-Health program on metabolic syndrome of workers. METHODS: This study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group study for 6 month from May to October 2010. Subjects in the experimental group participated in the U-Health program (n=315), whereas the control group did not (n=157). RESULTS: In the U-Health group, statistically significant reductions in BMI(body mass index), waist circumference, cholesterol, and triglyceride were observed. The results of this study showed that 6 months of U-Health program influenced on the metabolic syndrome of workers in a positive way. CONCLUSION: It is, therefore, suggested to actively utilize the U-Health program to manage the workers' health.

The Effects of U-Health Program on Metabolic Syndrome of Workers / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the effects of U-Health program on metabolic syndrome of workers. METHODS: This study was conducted with a pretest-posttest control group study for 6 month from May to October 2010. Subjects in the experimental group participated in the U-Health program (n=315), whereas the control group did not (n=157). RESULTS: In the U-Health group, statistically significant reductions in BMI(body mass index), waist circumference, cholesterol, and triglyceride were observed. The results of this study showed that 6 months of U-Health program influenced on the metabolic syndrome of workers in a positive way. CONCLUSION: It is, therefore, suggested to actively utilize the U-Health program to manage the workers' health.

The Relationship between Long Working Hours and Industrial Accident / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the relationship between working hours and the occurrence of industrial disasters based on manufacturing businesses that are members of Federation of Korean Trade Unions. METHODS: Repliers were managers of the safety & health department in the union, and 215 surveys out of 300 businesses that agreed to participate in the research were analyzed. RESULTS: 94 out of 300 companies, which counted for 43.7%, replied to have experienced industrial disasters. 56 of those (59.6%) had less than 52 working hours per week, and 38 companies (40.4%) had more than 52 working hours per week. 109 companies, which counted for 50.7%, did not have an incident of industrial disaster. Companies with an average of more than 52 hours of working hours per week were shown to have a 2.29 times (95% CI 1.08~4.87) higher possibility of having industrial disasters than those with less than 52 hours of working hours. CONCLUSION: As the study showed that industrial disasters were more likely to occur in businesses with working hours longer than 52 hours, ways to reduce working hours need to be developed and various safety measures need to be taken to prevent industrial disasters in case workers are undergoing long working hours.

The Relationship between Long Working Hours and Industrial Accident / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study analyzed the relationship between working hours and the occurrence of industrial disasters based on manufacturing businesses that are members of Federation of Korean Trade Unions. METHODS: Repliers were managers of the safety & health department in the union, and 215 surveys out of 300 businesses that agreed to participate in the research were analyzed. RESULTS: 94 out of 300 companies, which counted for 43.7%, replied to have experienced industrial disasters. 56 of those (59.6%) had less than 52 working hours per week, and 38 companies (40.4%) had more than 52 working hours per week. 109 companies, which counted for 50.7%, did not have an incident of industrial disaster. Companies with an average of more than 52 hours of working hours per week were shown to have a 2.29 times (95% CI 1.08~4.87) higher possibility of having industrial disasters than those with less than 52 hours of working hours. CONCLUSION: As the study showed that industrial disasters were more likely to occur in businesses with working hours longer than 52 hours, ways to reduce working hours need to be developed and various safety measures need to be taken to prevent industrial disasters in case workers are undergoing long working hours.