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Background@#Demographic change and advances in technology affect transurethral surgery and outpatient procedures in the urologic field. There are few population-based studies that accurately assess the trend of transurethral surgery and outpatient procedures including diagnostic tests. We investigated the recent epidemiologic trends in transurethral surgeries and urological outpatient procedures from 2009 to 2016 in Korea using the entire populationbased cohort. @*Methods@#We analyzed medical service claim data of transurethral surgery, urological outpatient procedures submitted by medical service providers from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service from 2009 to 2016. @*Results@#Transurethral ureter surgery increased by 134.9% from 14,635 in 2009 to 34,382 in 2016 (B = 2,698; R 2 = 0.98; P 2 = 0.97; P 2 = 0.04; P = 0.617) and urethral surgery (B = −12; R 2 = 0.18; P = 0.289). The significantly increasing trends in cystoscopy (B = 5,260; R 2 = 0.95; P 2 = 0.99; P 2 = 0.77; P = 0.003) and electrical stimulation treatment (EST: B = −1,034; R 2= 0.87; P < 0.001) significantly decreased. @*Conclusion@#In Korea, transurethral ureter surgery and transurethral bladder surgery have been continuously increasing. Transurethral prostate surgery and transurethral urethral surgery remained constant with no increase or decrease. Cystoscopy and uroflowmetry continue to increase, while UDS and EST continue to decrease.
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OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine the association among the identified conditions of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), eating habits, and depression and to identify risk factors of depression in female college students.METHODS: There were a total of 285 students who were recruited from universities in the Jeju area. All participants accepted to the study completed self-report questionnaires that included demographic variables, a Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool, a Korean Eating Attitude Test-26 and a Patient Health Questionnaire-9. We noted that a total of 268 students who completed the questionnaires were analyzed, and the results were as follows.RESULTS: As we have seen, the prevalence of depression, PMS, and associated eating problems were 52.4%, 67.2%, and 10.2%, respectively. It was discovered that female students who have prolonged or irregular menstrual period had experienced significantly high levels of depression. The students with PMS or eating attitude problems were more likely to have depression than those without PMS or an eating attitude problem. Also the study identified that a prolonged menstrual period, irregular menstrual period, PMS, and eating problems were significant risk factors of depression among female college students.CONCLUSION: In summary, this study provides evidence of the significant relationships among premenstrual syndrome, eating attitude problems, and depression in female college students. Based on the results, professionals need to consider physiological and psychological symptoms of PMS and provide treatment for comorbid depression in female college students as individually recommended according to their associated issues in this regard.