Comparison of the Pain-relieving Effects of Human Milk, Sucrose, and Distilled Water during Examinations for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PURPOSE: This study compared the pain-relieving effects of human milk, sucrose, and distilled water during examinations for retinopathy of prematurity. METHODS: Forty-five preterm infants were randomly assigned to receive a pacifier dipped in one of three solutions: human milk (n=14), 24% sucrose (n=15), or distilled water (n=16), 2 minutes before an eye examination. Their pain score, pulse rate, and oxygen saturation were measured at three time points: 5 minutes before the examination, 30 seconds after speculum introduction, and 2 minutes after the examination. RESULTS: The infants' mean gestational age and weight at birth were 33.1±2.1 weeks and 1,842±470 g, respectively. There were no between-group differences in pain relief during the eye examination. The pain score significantly increased both during (p<.001) and after the examinations (p=.003). Oxygen saturation decreased during the examinations (p<.001); however, the infants in the 24% sucrose group showed higher oxygen saturation (p=.047) during the examinations than the infants in the other groups. CONCLUSION: Sucking on a pacifier dipped in human milk or 24% sucrose did not reduce the pain associated with eye examinations in preterm infants. Pacifiers dipped in sucrose can be used to maintain better oxygen saturation during these examinations.

Acute Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Tinnitus with Aspirin: A Case Report / 대한평형의학회지

Salicylate (aspirin) causes ototoxic side effects in some patients, such as bilateral mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss and tinnitus although its ototoxic mechanisms still remain largely unclear. We report about one case with acute sensorineural hearing loss anf tinnitus after one week of low dose aspirin therapy. Audiogram revealed a mild sensorineural hearing loss at 35.0 dBHL in the right ear. Tinnitus became louder more and more, and sounded like a unilateral or bilateral high-pitch noise with each recurrence persisting for five minutes or longer. Audiologic problem of this case resolve within two or three days after the aspirin is discontinued. Generally, ototoxicity of salicylate manifests as bilateral, flat to high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, and the risk of ototoxicity increases with higher doses and prolonged treatment course. But our case tend to suggest that symptoms of ototoxicity also might be occur in patients in even low dose salicylate with variable audiologic finding case tend to suggest that symptoms of ototoxicity also can occur in patients in even low dose salicylate use with variable audiologic finding. Further work on the relationships between plasma salicylate concentrations and ototoxicity is required.

Three Cases of Demyelinating Disease mimicking Primary Brain Tumor

Inflammatory demyelinating diseases are usually diagnosed based on characteristic clinical and radiological findings. However, some demyelinating diseases have been presented as growing large mass-like lesions, and it is difficult to differentiate those demyelinating lesions from brain tumors. We report three cases of demyelinating diseases mimicking brain tumors. These cases suggest that the inflammatory demyelinating diseases have a wide spectrum and they can present with the same radiological features of brain tumors.

Isolated Trigeminal Sensory Change due to Lateral Pontine Hemorrhage Extending to the Trigeminal Nerve Root

No abstract available.

Recurrent Headache, Ophthalmoplegia, and Quadriparesis induced by Intracranial Hypertension

A 67-year-old man developed intermittent headaches, ophthalmoplegia, loss of consciousness, and hyporeflexic quadriparesis. An examination disclosed bilateral papilledema, constricted visual fields, and elevated intracranial pressure. All these symptoms were well correlated with intermittent high intracranial pressure which represented Lundberg A wave. Repeated lumbar punctures finally revealed metastatic malignant cells from lung cancer. Leptomeningeal metastasis may manifest with various constellations of symptoms.