Simultaneous Determination of Four Compounds from Artemisia capillaris using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ultraviolet Detector (HPLC-UVD) and Their Quantitative Study in Artemisia Genus

Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (Compositae) is a native herb of East Asian countries and has used for the treatment of jaundice, high liver fever, and digestive diseases for a long time, as well as being developed as the source of herbal preparations until now. The major components from A. capillaris were chlorogenic acid (1) and its derivatives substituted with caffeoyl moieties, such as 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (2) and 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3), and coumarins, such as scoparone. In the study, four compounds, chlorogenic acid, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid and scoparone (4) in the 70% ethanolic extract of A. capillaris were simultaneously determined by using HPLC-UVD system. This method was validated with the terms of linearity, precious and accuracy according to ICH guidelines. The developed method was successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of Artemisia genus, A. capillaris, A. iwayomogi, A. princeps, and A. argyi, distributed in Korea.

The Amelioration Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Cnidium officinale in Mice with Imiquimod-induced Psoriasis-like Skin Lesion

Psoriasis is an auto-immune skin disease, which is characterized by the excessive generation of plaques on the skin with typically a long-lasting red, itchy and scaly symptoms. Imiquimod, which has been used for the treatment of external genital warts, actinic keratosis, and superficial basal cell carcinoma, induced of psoriasis-like skin disorders with skin erythema and thickness in mice. In the present study, we tried to find the bioactive herbal extract against imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like skin disorder in mice. During the searching of the herbal extract with anti-psoriatic effect, the ethanolic extract of Cnidium officinale ameliorated imiquimodinduced psoriasis-like skin disorder in mice. The morphological evaluation, H&E staining and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score showed that ear and back thickness, and erythema induced by imiquimod were significantly reversed after the treatment of the cream of the ethanolic extract of C. officinale. The overexpressed myeloperoxidase (MPO) and keratin 6A levels were decreased by the treatment of C. officinale cream. Also, IFN-γ, c-fos and IκB-α mRNA levels, which are related to the progression of psoriasis, were reduced by C. officinale cream. Thus, the ethanolic extract of C. officinale ameliorated psoriasis-like skin disorder induced by imiquimod and might be the therapeutic agent for psoriasis.

Reconstruction of Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture Using Interposed Scar Tissue (A Report of Two Cases) / 대한족부족관절학회지

It has been reported that the gap between the tendon stumps in chronic Achilles tendon rupture is filled with interposed scar tissue. If it was available to use the interposed scar tissue for reconstruction or augmentation of Achilles rupture, possible damage of normal tissues could be avoided. Our results show that direct repair method using interposed scar tissue for chronic Achilles tendon rupture can successfully relieve pain and restore function of the ruptured Achilles tendon in carefully selected patients.

Comparison of Results of Total Knee Arthroplasty Performed Using the Navigation System and the Conventional Technique: Minimal Follow-Up of 5 Years / 대한정형외과학회잡지

PURPOSE: Authors compared the laxity, radiologic and clinical outcomes of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) performed using the navigation system and using the conventional technique at least 5-year follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total of 92 TKAs were included for this study. Forty seven TKAs were performed by the navigation group and 45 TKAs were performed by the conventional surgery. At the final follow up, to evaluate knee joint laxity, varus-valgus laxities were measured on the stress radiographs taken with varus or valgus loads at 90degrees of flexion. The radiologic measurements and the clinical evaluations were compared between two groups. RESULTS: At the final follow-up, the mean of valgus laxities were 3.9degrees in the navigation group and 4.0degrees in the conventional group, and the corresponding mean of varus laxities were 4.0degrees and 4.3degrees (p=0.19, p=0.22) at 90degrees flexion state. Although there was no significant difference in the total laxities (7.8degrees in the navigation group and 8.1degrees in the conventional group, p=0.35). However, more than 10degrees of total laxity was significantly reduced in the navigation group (1 knee in the navigation group and 6 knees in the conventional group, p=0.04). The outlier numbers at mechanical axis, the mean of coronal inclination of the femoral and tibial component and the mean of sagittal inclination of the femoral and tibial component in the two groups were significantly different. Stiffness of WOMAC score was significantly better in the navigation than in the conventional group (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Varus-valgus laxity was significantly different in the two groups as were the outlier numbers. The navigation system could provide good, improved alignment accuracy of the lower extremity and better result in stiffness of knee compared with conventional technique.

Anthropometric Analysis of Buddha's Face of Korea and Japan

The aim of this study is to measure and to analyze the Buddha's face of Korea and Japan buddhist paintings. Six paintings of the late Korea dynasty(13-14 Century), and six paintings of Japanese Heian and Kamakura period(12-14 Century) were analyzed. Twenty anthropometric items on each paintings were measured and 17 proportional indices were calculated. Proportions of the Buddha's face was very similar to that of Korea dynasty except three proportion indicies; 1) Eye fissure length/intercanthal width was significantly higher in Japanese Buddha, 2) Eye fissure height / eye width was significantly lower in Japanese Buddha, 3) Eye fissure length / face width was significantly higher in Japanese Buddha. In summary, the Japanese Buddha has long and narrow eye fissure than Korean Buddha. This suggests the preference of long and narrow eye in Japanese people at that period.

Evaluation of Clinical Competence in Plastic Surgery: an Approach using OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination)

The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical competence of medical student using Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in plastic surgery field. Development of OSCE with definition of an assessment of subject, choice of clinical stations sampling, identification of components of clinical competence to be evaluated, the level of performance required, development of specification table, editing of OSCE presentation page and assessment of praticability and results exploitation. Fourty-nine students were examined. Seven station stimuli with simulated patient participation were carried out. The mean OSCE score was 79.9+/-6.9. The reliability of the total station was 0.79. There was no significant logistic problem and the examinees showed positive response to the OSCE. Our experience suggests OSCE feasibility for Plastic Surgery during the initial course of education. This method should be considered as a useful tool to assess medical student competence or even in examination for board certification.

Anthropometric Analysis of Buddha's Face of Korea and Joseon Dynasty in Buddhist Paintings and Comparison with the Beauty's Face of Joseon Dynasty

The aim of this study is to measure and to analyze the Buddha's face of Korea dynasty and Joseon dynasty in buddhist paintings. We also attempted to compare the Buddha's face with the face of the beauty of Joseon dynasty. Six paintings of the Korea dynasty and ten paintings of the Joseon dynasty were analyzed. Twenty anthropometric items on each paintings were measured and 17 proportional indices were calculated. There was no significant differences between the proportions of the Buddha's face of the Korea and Joseon dynasty except the thickness of the vermilion where the Korea dynasty were thicker than Joseon dynasty. Proportions of the Buddha's face was very similar to that of Beauty of Jeseon dynasty except three points. The differences are as follow. First, Buddha's ears are longer than the beauty's. Second, Buddha's eye inclination was higher than the beauty's. Third, Buddha's vermilion was thicker than the beauty's. The similarity of the proportions of the face of Buddha and the beauty strongly suggest that in the Korea dynasty and Joseon dynasty, the ideal face were regarded as Buddha's face.

Eyelid Shape of the Chosun Dynasty: Analysis of 101 Portraits

The aim of this study is to elucidate the morphology and preference of the eyelid shape of the Chosun dynasty. One hundred and one portraits of Chosun dynasty were analyzed. Portraits of early(1392-1550), mid(1551-1700), and late (1701-1910) Chosun dynasty were 26, 17 and 58 respectively. The most of the portraits were men of noble birth(86). Others were the portraits of the Kings(4) and Monks(4), Women(4) and patriots(4).The double fold were observed in 20%, among them 65% were outfold. Epicanthal fold were present in 16% Thirty-one% had hooding of the upper eyelid. Sixty nine% had Wrinkles of the lower eyelids. Sixty three had baggy lower eyelid and lower lid ectropion were observed in 6% and 1% respectively. According to the Korean aphorism of the portrait drawing of Chosun dynasty "If one hair is different, the portrait is another man's", the portraits were drawn like a photograph. In this aspect our attempt to light up the eyelid shape of several hundreds years ago when photographs were not available have validity.

A Case of Marden-Walker Syndrome

Marden-Walder syndrome is characterized by a mask-like face, blepharophimosis, joint contractures, and psychometer retardation. We report a newborn infant with the clinical features of the syndrome. He was diagnosed with clinical findings of mask-like face, blepharophimosis, micrognathia, camptodactyly, arachnodactyly, multiple contractures, and hypotonia. The infant died of aspiration pneumonia at 5 months. A brief review of related literature is also presented.