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Background and Objectives@#Injection laryngoplasty is a common method for treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Unilateral vocal fold paralysis has various causes, including idiopathic, infection, stroke, neurologic condition, surgery and nerve invasion by cancer. To the knowledge of the authors, there was no study on the relationship between the causes of vocal cord paralysis and the outcome of injection laryngoplasty. Therefore, we tried to investigate the difference in the outcomes of injection laryngoplasty between vocal cord paralysis after surgery group and nerve invasion by cancer group.Materials and Method A retrospective analysis was performed for 24 patients who underwent vocal cord injection due to unilateral vocal cord paralysis caused by surgery or nerve invasion by cancer. The objective quality of the voice was assessed by acoustic voice analysis with the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program. @*Results@#Both group showed an improvement of fundamental frequemcy (F0), jitter percent, shimmer (percent), and noise to hearmonic ratio (NHR) after injection laryngoplasty. The vocal cord paralysis due to nerve invasion group showed more improvement in both the mean and median value of F0, shimmer percent and NHR than the vocal cord paralysis due to surgery group, but there was not statistically significant. @*Conclusion@#Our study did not show a statistically significant difference in outcome between vocal cord paralysis due to cancer invasion group and surgery group, but statistically tendency was suggested. The vocal cord paralysis due to nerve invasion group showed more improvement in both the mean and median value of acoustic voice analysis than surgery group.
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Cognitive behavioral therapy, first introduced by Beck in the 1950s to treat depression by integrating cognitive and behavioral therapies, is now an established psychotherapy technique used to treat insomnia, chronic pain, and anxiety. Currently, cognitive behavioral therapy is widely used to treat tinnitus in European countries, and the efficacy and safety of the treatment have been proven through randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses. Although interest in cognitive behavioral therapy for tinnitus is increasing in Korea, there are limited reports. Because many studies so far have targeted patients in Western countries, it is difficult to apply the same to domestic patients due to cultural and linguistic differences, the absence of standardized guidelines, and limitations in clinic hours. We experienced various cases in which tinnitus was effectively treated simultaneously with pharmacotherapy and cognitive behavioral therapy, so here we report an introduction to the program along with a literature review. Cognitive behavioral therapy was performed as a 4-week program in our hospital, and progress was evaluated through Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) and tinnitus handicap inventory (THI). After each weekly 20-minute individual counseling session, a take-home writing task was given to the patient. The main goal was to guide the patient to discover and correct automatic thoughts related to their tinnitus symptoms. This paper aimed to introduce a specific scheme on how to perform cognitive behavioral therapy for domestic tinnitus patients.
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Purpose@#The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the metacognition rating scale (MCRS), which is a revised version of the existing metacognition questionnaire (MCQ) with anger and anxiety added. @*Methods@#A survey was conducted on 591 nursing students at colleges in North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, South Korea. The collected data were processed for the reliability and validity of the MCRS through Cronbach’s ⍺ and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 26.0. @*Results@#Cronbach’s ⍺ for the reliability of MCRS was calculated at .88, .86, .77, .74, and .66 for five subfactors. Among the five subfactors, the first, second, third, and fifth factors showed high correlation in each of six items. Factor 4 was highly correlated in 5 out of 6 questions. @*Conclusion@#The data confirm that the MCQ revised to include anger and anxiety is both reliable and valid for nursing students. Therefore, this scale can be used to identify the maladaptive metacognition of nursing students in stressful situations.
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Purpose@#The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and validity of the metacognition rating scale (MCRS), which is a revised version of the existing metacognition questionnaire (MCQ) with anger and anxiety added. @*Methods@#A survey was conducted on 591 nursing students at colleges in North and South Gyeongsang Provinces, South Korea. The collected data were processed for the reliability and validity of the MCRS through Cronbach’s ⍺ and confirmatory factor analysis using SPSS 26.0. @*Results@#Cronbach’s ⍺ for the reliability of MCRS was calculated at .88, .86, .77, .74, and .66 for five subfactors. Among the five subfactors, the first, second, third, and fifth factors showed high correlation in each of six items. Factor 4 was highly correlated in 5 out of 6 questions. @*Conclusion@#The data confirm that the MCQ revised to include anger and anxiety is both reliable and valid for nursing students. Therefore, this scale can be used to identify the maladaptive metacognition of nursing students in stressful situations.