effects of vitamin E on insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases risk factors in metabolic syndrome

Syndrome X or metabolic syndrome is a collection of risk factors which can lead to diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and result in death. Considering the important role of oxidative stress in causing the complications of this syndrome, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E supplementation on insulin resistance and associated risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome. A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical trial with parallel design was conducted on 70 metabolic syndrome patients, 29-57 years old, who were randomly divided into two groups one using 400 mg vitamin E [n=35], and group 2- given placebos [n=35] for 3 months 24 hour dietary recalls were completed in the beginning, and end of first, second and third months for each patient. Serum glucose and lipoprotein by enzymatic, Insulin by RIA, uric acid and CRP by colorimetric, insulin resistance by HOMA-IR methods were measured. For statistical analyses, student's t-test, paired t-test, chi square and ANOVA were used. There was significant difference in systolic and also diastolic blood pressure at the end of study in the vitamin E group compared to initial values [p=0.00, p=0.09 respectively]. In this group, systolic blood pressure, serum glucose and triglycerides [TG] had significant decrease at the end of the study compared to the control [p= 0.003, p= 0.02, p= 0.04 respectively]. Serum glucose, TG, insulin and insulin resistance had significant differences in the vitamin E group at the end of study compared to the beginning [p=0.03, p=0.01, p=0.03, p=0.04] Serum TG, glucose and insulin were 221.08 +/- 59.54, 114.07 +/- 9.64, and 8.3 +/- 1.6 at the beginning and 197.65 +/- 56.77, 101.05 +/- 9.7 and 7.48 +/- 1.55, respectively at the end of study. In metabolic syndrome patients, 400 mg vitamin E for 3 months had beneficial effects on blood pressure, TG, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance

[ effects of soy bean on serum homocysteine, Lp[a] and lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women]

Because of undesirable serum lipoprotein profiles, postmenopausal women are at risk of cardiovascular disease. Soy protein may help protect against these risk factors although its effect on homocysteine and Lp [a] is not clear; however, the effects of soy bean in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women has not been assessed independently yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of soy bean on serum concentration of homocysteine, Lp[a] and lipoproteins in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women. In a randomised clinical trial with parallel design, 34 hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women were randomly assigned to group 1 and given 130 g soy bean containing 50 g/d soy protein and 159/9mg isoflavones, while group 2 continued their usual diet for 10 weeks [controls]. Serum lipoproteins, homocysteine and Lp [a] were measured at baseline and after the 10[th] week. There were significant decreases in Lp [a] LDL-c, TC, LDL-c/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c, TC/HDL-c in group 1, as compared to group 2, after ten weeks of study [p<0.05, p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05 and p<0.05 respectively] at the end of the study. Similarly, Lp[a], homocysteine, LDL-c, TC, LDL-c/HDL-c, TG/HDL-c, TC/HDL were significantly decreased [p<0.01, p<0.05 p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.01, p<0.05, p<0.01] at the end of the study, compared with initial values of the soy group. We can conclude that Soy protein reduces CVD risk in postmenopausal women because of both modest reductions in serum lipoproteins and Lp[a] in hyperlipidemic postmenopausal women