Evaluation of primary pulmonary malignancies in central Punjab, Pakistan

To study the clincopathological findings of Primary Pulmonary Malignancy in central Punjab, Pakistan. Three hundred patients of primary malignancies of the lung from Gulab Devi Chest Hospital and other hospital of Lahore were studied. The history of the Patients and their clinical findings were recorded. The sections of all the cases were stained with Haematoxyllin and eosin whereas all large cell carcinomas were stained with Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid- Schiff [AB-PAS] stain. There were 255 males and 45 females with a male to female ratio of 5.7:1. The age ranged from 10-90 years with a mean age of 54.17 +/- 3.46 years. Different tumors were significantly more [p<0.001] in males than in females. The mean age in squamous cell carcinomas cases was significantly high [P<0.001] as compared with adenocarcinoma. Small cell carcinoma cases had significantly low [P<0.02] mean age as compared with squamous cell carcinoma. The difference of mean age in cases of adenocarcinoma approached significant level [0.1>P>0.05] as compared with small cell carcinoma. The primary lung carcinoma is more common in males. Its prevalence is increasing in young ages

Evaluation of nucleolar organizer region in normal brain tissues and astrocytic gliomas

This study was performed to evaluate the importance of Ag NORs in different grades of Astrocytic Gliomas. It was a descriptive study and was performed at Lahore General Hospital and Sheikh Zayad Hospital, Lahore. A total of 50 cases were collected within one year, and AgNOR staining was performed on 50 brain tumors and specimens were selected randomly. AgNOR was low, high, higher and highest in Astrocytic Gliomas, grade I [Pilocytic], II, III, and IV respectively as compared to normal brain tissue. AgNOR staining technique is a simple, quick and a cheap method to assess proliferative index in astrocytic Proliferative activity is a good parameter to assess the disease outcome in astrocytic glioma

Statistical analysis of astrocytic glioma

Fifty patients of both sexes of Astrocytic Glioma from Sheikh Zayed Hospital and Lahore General Hospital Lahore were included in this study. Ten normal brain tissues [control] were taken from accident cases. Out of 50 study cases there were 16 [32%] were low grade [I-II] Astrocytic Glioma and 34 [68%] were high grade Astrocytic Glioma. The male to female percentage was found out to be 26 [52%] and 24 [48%] respectively. Among the males, 11 [22%] were in grade I-II while 15 [30%] were in grade III-IV Astrocytic Glioma, while 5 [10%] females were in grade I-II and 19 [38%] were in grade No statistical sex difference was seen in the ratio of male and female who developed Astrocytic Glioma [P>0.05]. The ages of the patients ranged from 10 to 76 years with maximum number of cases in the age group 30-49 years. In this age group, 11 [22%] patients had grade I-II while 20 [40%] were in grade type of Astrocytic Glioma. The statistical difference of age in different groups was found to be highly significant, [P<0.01]. The most common presenting complaints were headache, vomiting, weakness of limbs, loss of orientation and giddiness. These were observed mainly in grade III-IV Astrocytic tumors. The complaints of difficulty in speech, papilloedema and fits were observed often with an almost equal ratio in all grades of Astrocytic Glioma. The loss of consciousness was observed only in Grade III-IV tumors. The most common site of Atstorcytic Glioma was Parietal lobe and Fronto-parietal lobe constituting 9 [18%] in grade I-II and 15 [30%] in grade HI-IV Astrocytic Gliomas, that is statistically significant, [P<0.05]. The most common site of Astrocytic Glioma was Parietal lobe, 17 out of 50 [7 in grade I-II and 10 in grade III-IV], while the second most common site of this tumor was Temproparietal region, [4 in grade I-II and 6 in grade III-IV]. There were 29 Astrocytic Gliomas in right lobe [10 in grade I-II, and 19 in grade III-IV], while 18 in left lobe [5 in grade I-II and 13 in grade III-IV]. This was statistically highly significant, [P<0.01]. High grade Astrocytic Glioma was also present in Thalamus, mid brain, and Interventricular septum