RESUMO
Objective: This study was to evaluate the normal ovarian volume among women of reproductive age using transvaginal ultrasound and correlating it with different age groups, parity and BMI. Methodology: A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study. The data were obtained from 347 selected clinically and sonographically healthy non pregnant women. Sonographic examination was done using LOGIC 5 machine fitted with a 7.5 MHz transvaginal transducer. The right and left ovarian volume of each patient was measured. The mean ovarian volume was classified into five different age groups, four categories of BMI as well as different parities and the results were analyzed. Results: The mean ovarian volume was 7.9±2.1 cm3. The average volumes of the left and right ovaries were 8.0±2.0 cm3 and 7.7±2.2 cm3 respectively. Statistical significant difference between the left and the right mean ovarian volume was noted (p=0.00). Ovarian volume showed a trend of decline after reaching its peak at the second decade of life. Negative correlation was shown between ovarian volume and parity (p=0.02). There was no statistical significant difference in ovarian volume related to BMI (p=0.74). Conclusion: These values represent the normal average ovarian volume for the local population.
RESUMO
Background: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (APKD); an inheritable multisystem disease characterized by intrarenal and at times extrarenal disease; has been studied extensively among Caucasian populations. Despite the fact that being black is a risk factor for progressive disease; there is paucity of local published data. As a result; true local incidence and peculiarities in clinical and sonographic characteristics are unknown.Aim: To present data from 19 patients diagnosed with APKD in a medium-sized facility over a 16-year period.Materials and Methods: A retrospective search was done on the ultrasound registers for patients who had undergone abdominal ultrasound in 16 years (1997-2013). Of the 29 sonographic diagnoses of bilateral PKD made; only 19 had complete records and were included in the study. Data extracted were- age; sex; working diagnosis; renal size; diameter of renal cysts; presence or absence of extrarenal cysts; family history of renal cystic disease; blood pressure at diagnosis; and patient outcome.Results: A total of 19 diagnoses of APKD were made- 12 males and seven females with a sex ratio of 1:0.6. Total mean age was 54.8 years (range 31-79 years)- 40.1 years for females and 57.2 years for males. In 89.5 of cases; no family history of APKD was obtained. Only six (31.6) patients were hypertensive at presentation and three patients (16) were already in renal failure. Ultrasound showed a mean renal size of 88.92 cm 2 for the right kidney and 98.97cm 2 for the left. Mean cyst diameter was 3.46 cm (range 2.08-4.85cm). Only one patient had documented extrarenal cystic disease. Two patients were lost to renal failure and congestive cardiac failure.Conclusion: APKD appears to be uncommon in our environment; however; more studies may be elucidatory. Standard sonographic protocol for collecting data from patients with APKD is needed