RESUMO
In humans, one of the major complications of chronic Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is Peripheral Neuropathy. Apparently linked to ischemic Nerve damage, a ravaging puzzle on its pathophysiology, onset prediction, and prognosis is yet to be fully uncovered. Today, what seems to be a major “breakthrough” is the discovery that chronic DM damages signal transduction across Nerve and Muscle tissues, leading to a bad and/or poorly coordinated reflex. The goal of this study was to find in humans, the relationship that binds fasting blood sugar (FBS) with grip muscle strengths and reflex response time. To achieve this, 387 humans were ethically sourced from Ethiope East Local government area of Delta State, Nigeria. Based on their glucometer readings, subjects were then gender-sorted and classified into 3 groups; A (hypoglycaemic), B (normoglycaemic or control), and C (hyperglycaemic). Using the hand-grip dynamometer (HGD) and Meter rule, subjects’ Grip Muscle strengths (GMS) and Reflex Response times (RRT) were respectively obtained and mapped against their corresponding glucometer reading (FBS). Using the Pearson Product moment correlation coefficient, Statistical measure of association (correlation) was conducted on obtained variables, and ANOVA was used to analyse the differences between means of each groups. Though no actual difference(s) was/were found between GMS and RRT, apparently, there was a weak Auditory-FBS relationship in hypoglycaemic females, and a weak GMS-FBS, plus Tactile-FBS correlations in hypoglycaemic males and females respectively.
RESUMO
There are two recognized isoforms of cyclooxygenase enzymes; the cyclooxygenase - 1 and cyclooxyg-enase - 2; the former is involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins; in organs where these eicosanoids play certain protective roles in the gastrointesional tract (GIT) and the kidney; it also enhances mucus secretions and acts as a house keeping enzyme expressed constitutively in most tissues of the body; while cyclooxygenase - 2 is the inducible form expressed in response to proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors; indicating a role in inflammation and growth and also maintains haemodynamics. In pregnant state; several drugs are used out of necessity; despite their reported toxicity. The clinical conditions often necessitating the use of non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors during pregnancy include hypertension; thromboembolism; hyperthyroid-ism; epilepsy; diabetes mellitus; preterm labour; arthritis; pain and fever; among others. The aim of this study was to investigate the induced gastrointestinal derangement following a long-term administration of paracetamol in pregnant Sprague-dawley rats. Twenty female adult Sprague-dawley rats weighing between 160g - 180g (as the beginning of the experiment) were used for the study. The animals were randomly divided into two groups (A and B) of ten rats each. Group A animals received distilled water orally and served as control. While paracetamol treated animals (group B) received doses of 7.3mg/kg/day respectively by gavage. The animal weights were monitored at an interval of three days before gestation to 13th day after parturition. The animals were allowed feed and water liberally. Drug administration commenced from 10th day of gestation to the end of parturition. On the 13th day after parturition the maternal rats were then sacrified for tissue processing. The results showed that the control animals had a normal architecture of the gastrointestinal tract. While the paracetamol treated animals showed a general derangement coupled with high degree inflammation of the stomach and intestinal lining; and a statistical significant weight loss (P0.005) compared to the control animals. These findings reflect gastrointestinal tract impairment. We conclude that a long-term use of non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor - paracetamol in pregnant state has an erosive effect on the gastrointestinal tract and may possibly be the aftermath of gastrointestinal tract inflammation in women
Assuntos
Acetaminofen , Experimentação Animal , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase , Trato Gastrointestinal , Gravidez , RatosRESUMO
There are two recognized isoforms of cyclooxygenase enzymes; the cyclooxygenase - 1 and cyclooxyg-enase - 2; the former is involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins; in organs where these eicosanoids play certain protective roles in the gastrointesional tract (GIT) and the kidney; it also enhances mucus secretions and acts as a house keeping enzyme expressed constitutively in most tissues of the body; while cyclooxygenase - 2 is the inducible form expressed in response to proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors; indicating a role in inflammation and growth and also maintains haemodynamics. In pregnant state; several drugs are used out of necessity; despite their reported toxicity. The clinical conditions often necessitating the use of non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitors during pregnancy include hypertension; thromboembolism; hyperthyroid-ism; epilepsy; diabetes mellitus; preterm labour; arthritis; pain and fever; among others. The aim of this study was to investigate the induced gastrointestinal derangement following a long-term administration of paracetamol in pregnant Sprague-dawley rats. Twenty female adult Sprague-dawley rats weighing between 160g - 180g (as the beginning of the experiment) were used for the study. The animals were randomly divided into two groups (A and B) of ten rats each. Group A animals received distilled water orally and served as control. While paracetamol treated animals (group B) received doses of 7.3mg/kg/day respectively by gavage. The animal weights were monitored at an interval of three days before gestation to 13th day after parturition. The animals were allowed feed and water liberally. Drug administration commenced from 10th day of gestation to the end of parturition. On the 13th day after parturition the maternal rats were then sacrified for tissue processing. The results showed that the control animals had a normal architecture of the gastrointestinal tract. While the paracetamol treated animals showed a general derangement coupled with high degree inflammation of the stomach and intestinal lining; and a statistical significant weight loss (P0.005) compared to the control animals. These findings reflect gastrointestinal tract impairment. We conclude that a long-term use of non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor - paracetamol in pregnant state has an erosive effect on the gastrointestinal tract and may possibly be the aftermath of gastrointestinal tract inflammation in women