Antitumor Activity of Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin on N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) Nitrosamine Induced Bladder Carcinoma in Mice / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Purpose: The antitumor activity and toxicity of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) on bladder carcinomas induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) were investigated. Materials and Methods: Sixty 6 to 8-week-old female C3H2 mice were divided into three groups. Bladder carcinomas were induced by the addition of 0.05% BBN to the drinking water for 8 weeks. Group A received an intravesical instillation of 0.25ml KLH-free buffer, Group B received 0.5mg KLH in 0.1ml buffer subcutaneously and Group C received an intravesical instillation of 2mug KLH in 0.25ml buffer twice weekly for 8 weeks (day 15 to day 70). On day 91, all the animals were sacrificed. The tumor incidence, bladder weight and toxicity were evaluated. Results: The incidences of cancer in groups A, B and C were 80, 40 and 60%, respectively. The incidence of cancer was significantly reduced in group B compared to group A (p<0.05). The average bladder weights were 93.63+/-17.746, 71.5+/-7.540 and 77.5+/-9.530mg in groups A, B and C, respectively. The bladder weights in groups B and C were significantly reduced compared to group A (p<0.05). There was no liver, kidney or bone marrow toxicities in groups B and C. Conclusions: These results suggest that KLH act as an effective and safe immunotherapeutic agent for bladder cancer. Prospective randomized clinical trials should be used to evaluate the role of KLH as an immunotherapeutic agent in the prophylaxis of recurrent bladder cancer.

Neovaginoplasty Using Sigmoid Colon in Patient with Male Pseudo-hermaphroditism / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Gender assignment is the most important step in treating a child with ambiguous genitalia. Once an appropriate sex assignment has been made, the next critical step is the performance of a reconstructive procedure in a timely fashion. The aim of vaginoplasty should be the creation of a neovagina that will have a satisfying appearance, function and feeling, with a low rate of morbidity. Different forms of vaginal reconstruction have been described, and include the use of split-thickness or full-thickness grafts, amnion, peritoneum or bowel. Of these, vaginal reconstruction, with isolated bowel segments, provides a cosmetic, self-lubricating neovagina, with low rates of failure and revision, and without the need for routine dilation. Sigmoid vaginoplasty especially seems to have a clear advantage, with an excellent surgical success rate, and low complication rates. We report our initial experience of a neovaginoplasty, using sigmoid colon, in a 10-year old patient with an incomplete form of androgen insensitivity syndrome (Reifenstein syndrome).

Paraganglioma of the Bladder / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Paragangliomas are rare tumors of a neural crest origin, and belong to the amine- precursor-uptake decarboxylation (APUD) system. The great majority of paraganglioma are in the adrenal medulla. The majority of extraadrenal sites arise near the adrenal or along the nerve plexuses. Paragangliomas are only occasionally found in the wall of the bladder. Their preoperative diagnosis is suspected from a clinical history and an estimation of catecholamines, or their metabolic by-products, in a twenty-four-hour urine sample. The correct diagnosis is not made in the majority of cases because the tumors are frequently silent with regard to hormonal activity. Therefore, an excretory urogram, arteriography and cystoscopy, including biopsy, are important procedures for their preoperative diagnosis. We report a case of paraganglioma arising in the bladder wall, with brief review of literatures.

Retroperitoneal Malignant Schwannoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Schwannoma, also known as a neurilemmoma, neurinoma, and perineural fibroblastoma, can be either a benign or malignant tumor, arising from the associated nerve sheath. A retroperitoneal malignant schwannoma is a rare tumor. Immunohistochemical staining for S-100, leucine-7 and the myelin basic protein is useful for diagnosis. Here we report a case of retroperitoneal malignant schwannoma with a brief review of the literatures.