Methods for Locating the Pores of Epidermal Cysts

No abstract available.

Formulation Characteristics of Three Kinds of Elravie(R) Fillers / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a mucopolysaccharide that occurs naturally throughout the human body, where it attaches to collagen and elastin to form cartilage, and also helps maintain the strength and flexibility of the cartilage that cushions joints. A decline in HA synthesis may lead to a variety of symptoms, ranging from joint discomfort, to wrinkles. Cross-linked HA is a viscoelastic solid that resists in vivo degradation by hyaluronidase for much longer than endogenous HA, and which is also a key ingredient in various cosmetics. OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with three kinds of Elravie(R) fillers. METHODS: We obtained images of filler shape using a folliscope. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to compare particle sizes. Hydrophilic filler is a hydroxyl, and for this reason, we mixed the filler with water. Next, PARKER ink was added to the mixture, and viscosity and elasticity were measured using a rheometer. RESULTS: Among the tested fillers, particle size was largest in the Restylane(R) SubQ. Elravie(R) ultra volume filler was greater in volume than Elravie(R) deep line, and Elravie(R) light fillers. We confirmed Elravie(R) fillers to be hydrophilic. Elravie(R) ultra volume filler was found to have the highest viscosity and elasticity, whilst Elravie(R) light filler had the lowest. CONCLUSION: All three kinds of Elravie(R) fillers were found to be suitable for human cosmetic use.

Characterization of Two Kinds of Filler for the Formulation / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a carbohydrate, occurring naturally throughout the human body. With linear polysaccharide structure, it is (HA) found in soft connective tissues, cartilage and joinfluids. Hyaluronic acid filler is used for treatment of depth of the fold or volume of filler needed and performed for wrinkle improvement and cosmetic. We did property of matter for the Perfectha(R) fillers. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose is to describe and comment on our experiences with two kinds of Perfectha(R) fillers. METHODS: We obtained image of the shape of fillers using a folliscope, VC98 and particle size using the Scanning electron microscope (SEM). We tested to make sure that affinity both fillers with water. We mixed the fillers and distilled water. We the PARKER ink added to the mixture. Viscosity and elasticity were measured using a rheometer. RESULTS: The test revealed that a particle sized Perfectha(R) derm deep is bigger than a Perfectha(R) derm. We were confirmed as hydrophile. While Perfectha(R) derm deep filler has high viscosity and elasticity, Perfectha(R) derm filler has high viscosity only, not elasticity. CONCLUSION: Two kinds of Perfectha(R) fillers act as space filler by binding to water and thus keeping the skin wrinkle-free.

Pilot Study of the Efficacy of 578 nm Copper Bromide Laser Combined with Intralesional Corticosteroid Injection for Treatment of Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars

BACKGROUND: Treatments including intralesional corticosteroid injection, pressure therapy, cryotherapy, and various laser therapies have had limited success for keloids and hypertrophic scars. OBJECTIVE: This trial evaluated the efficacy of a combination of 578 nm copper bromide laser and the more traditional intralesional corticosteroid injection for the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars with respect to scar color. METHODS: Keloids or hypertrophic scars of 12 Korean patients were treated five times by the combined treatment at 4-week intervals. Clinical improvement was assessed by the physicians' global assessment (PGA) comparing pre- and post-treatment photographs, as well as 4 weeks after the last treatment. Erythema intensity was quantified using a mexameter. RESULTS: Most scars showed significant clinical improvement in PGA and decreased erythema intensity after 5 treatments. All patients showed improvements in symptoms like pruritus. CONCLUSION: The combined treatment is effective for keloids and hypertrophic scars, especially when the telangiectatic portion of the scars is prominent. The adjunctive use of 578 nm copper bromide laser decreased the telangiectatic side effects of an intralesional corticosteroid injection by reducing the vascular components of scars.

Combination Therapy with Cyclosporine and Psoralen Plus Ultraviolet A in the Patients with Severe Alopecia Areata: A Retrospective Study with a Self-Controlled Design

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata (AA) is believed to be an organ-specific autoimmune disease in which a mononuclear cell infiltrate develops in and around anagen hair follicles. There is no definitive therapy for AA. OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine whether the combination therapy of cyclosporine and psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) could be an effective treatment for severe AA. METHODS: A total of 41 patients with severe AA were treated with oral cyclosporine and topical PUVA. Cyclosporine was given at an initial daily dose of 200 mg for adult and 100 mg for children for periods of up to 16 weeks. Eight-methoxypsoralen (Methoxsalen) was applied topically 20 minutes prior to ultraviolet A (UVA) exposure, and the patients were irradiated with UVA twice a week for 16 weeks. RESULTS: Of the total 41 patients, 2 (7.3%) patients were lost to follow-up, and 1 (2.4%) patient discontinued the treatment due to abdominal discomfort. Six (14.6%) patients were treated for less than 12 weeks. Of remaining 32 patients, 3 (9.4%) showed excellent response, 3 (9.4%) showed good response, 12 (37.5%) showed fair response, and 14 (43.7%) showed poor response. CONCLUSION: Although limited by its uncontrolled character, this study shows that the combination therapy with cyclosporine and PUVA may be an additional choice for severe and recalcitrant AA.

The Annual Changes of Clinical Manifestation of Androgenetic Alopecia Clinic in Korean Males and Females: A Outpatient-Based Study

BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is characterized by the local and gradual transformation of terminal scalp hair into vellus hair, which has a shorter and thinner shaft. There are no studies that analyze annual changes in age, patterns, family history, and associated disease. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the severity of hair loss, age of onset, the frequency of family history, and past medical histories in Korean patients with AGA. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify all patients with AGA referred to the Dermatology Clinic at Chung-Ang University Hospital from January 2006 to December 2010. RESULTS: The age of onset was also gradually decreased from 34.1+/-10.1 years to 31.6+/-10.9 years between 2006 and 2010. In female patients, specific annual changes were not observed. Hamilton-Norwood Type IIIv AGA was most common in male patients and Ludwig Type I AGA was most common in female patients at all times between 2006 and 2010. The majority of patients with AGA had a family history of baldness and was most commonly associated with a paternal pattern of inheritance. Seborrheic dermatitis was the most common associated disease in male and female patients. CONCLUSION: Our results show the possibilities that the average age of onset is decreasing. The period of the present study was only 5 years, which is not sufficient for the precise determination of onset age for AGA. Clearly, a long-term study is needed.

The Evaluation of Skin Safety and Skin Cell Toxicity for Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Extract according to Extraction Conditions / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract is used as a traditional herbal medicine. The efficacy of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract is known for antioxidative activity, antiinflammation effect, antibacterial effect, inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis, sun protection effect, antiallergy effect, and etc. OBJECTIVE: We confirmed the cell viability or inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis in HaCaT (human keratinocyte cell line) and B16F10 (murine melanoma cell line) cells and the skin safety test through a clinical test (dermal irritation study) for Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract, according to the extraction methods. METHODS: We checked the cell viability, using MTT assay and inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells or HaCaT cells for thirty one Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract, according to the extraction methods. Then, we evaluated the skin safety for selected eight Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extract through a primary dermal irritation test. RESULTS: Among the thirty one Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts, according to the extraction methods, we selected eight Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts that were not detected with cell toxicity in HaCaT cells and B16F10 cells, and could have inhibited the melanin synthesis in B16F10 cells. The selected eight Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts identified the skin safety through a primary dermal irritation test. CONCLUSION: We expect clinical trials for whitening efficacy based on inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis and human skin safety for Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi extracts.

Sorafenib (Nexavar(R), BAY 43-9006)-induced Hand-foot Skin Reaction with Facial Erythema

Sorafenib (Nexavar(R), BAY 43-9006) is a novel, orally administered multi-kinase inhibitor that has recently been approved for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. It is also used to delay disease progression in patients with advanced solid organ malignancies and metastatic melanoma. Sorafenib is associated with a relatively high incidence of dermatologic adverse events. The commonly occurring dermatologic adverse events associated with sorafenib include hand-foot skin reaction, facial erythema, splinter subungual hemorrhages, alopecia, pruritus and xerosis. We report here on a case of a 50-year-old man who was diagnosed with metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. He developed both facial erythema and hand-foot skin reaction after the administration of sorafenib.

Efficacy of Hydrogel Mask with 2% Arbutin for Melasma / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Melasma is a common, acquired, symmetrical hypermelanosis that occurs on sun exposed areas of the skin. It is more prevalent among Asian women than among Caucasian women. Many different treatment modalities have been used with various efficacies, but none of them have been completely satisfactory. Arbutin is a naturally occurring gluconopyranoside that may reduce tyrosinase activity, which is a rate-limiting enzyme for melanin production. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the depigmenting effect and safety of a mask that contains 2% arbutin for the treatment of melasma. METHODS: A total of 54 female volunteers with melasma were enrolled in this randomized, double-blind, 8-week treatment study. The patients were instructed to apply an arbutin-containing mask or an arbutin-free mask once a day for 8 weeks. The assessment of outcomes included the Melasma Area and Severity Index (MASI) score, colorimetric value (L*), overall patient satisfaction and investigator assessment score (evaluated using photography). RESULTS: The arbutin-containing mask significantly increased the right and left colorimetric values (L*) after the 8-week treatment (p0.05). The arbutin mask scored better than the control in patient satisfaction and investigator assessment. No significant adverse reactions were observed. CONCLUSION: The arbutin mask appears to be effective and well-tolerated when used for the treatment of melasma.

Metastatic Gastric Adenocarcinoma Presenting as a Solitary Plaque on the Palm

Cutaneous metastases from gastric adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. When present, metastasis typically signifies disseminated disease with a poor prognosis. We report a case of an 80-year-old male with gastric cancer who presented with a single, erythematous plaque on the left palm, a very rare site for skin metastasis. Results of a skin biopsy demonstrated that the cutaneous metastasis originated from the stomach. This report emphasized the need for appropriate investigation into newly appearing, unusual, or persistent skin lesions.

Primary Cutaneous Mucinous Carcinoma on the Abdomen / 대한피부과학회지

Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma is a rare epithelial neoplasm that arises from the deepest portion of the eccrine duct. It most commonly occurs on the scalp and face with a preference for on the eyelids. The histopathologic characteristics are large mucinous pools with fibrous septae and clusters of tumor cells. We report here on a case of mucinous carcinoma that developed on the abdomen of a 47-year-old woman.

Primary Cutaneous Mucinous Carcinoma on the Abdomen / 대한피부과학회지

Primary cutaneous mucinous carcinoma is a rare epithelial neoplasm that arises from the deepest portion of the eccrine duct. It most commonly occurs on the scalp and face with a preference for on the eyelids. The histopathologic characteristics are large mucinous pools with fibrous septae and clusters of tumor cells. We report here on a case of mucinous carcinoma that developed on the abdomen of a 47-year-old woman.

Skin Hydration, Transepidermal Water Loss and Relation with Tinea Pedis in Patients with Primary Hyperhidrosis / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: Primary hyperhidrosis (PHH) is the disease of production of excessive sweat mainly localized in palm, sole, and craniofacial area. The characteristics of the lesional skin and the relationship with fungal infection in patients with PHH are still not known in Korean literature. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare the skin hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) in patients with PHH with those in control group and to determine the relation of PPH to tinea pedis. METHODS: A prospective case-control study of patients with PHH was conducted. We have measured the skin hydration and TEWL on the skin of palm, sole and forehead in patients with PPH and those in control group. A total of 67 patients with PHH and 50 volunteers of control group were examined for the presence of tinea pedis. Information on the treatment history of tinea pedis were provided by means of reviewing the medical records. RESULTS: Of 67 patients with PHH included, mean age was 28.1 years. Distributional patterns of PHH were palmoplantar (50.7%), isolated palmar (19.4%), isolated plantar (7.5%), and craniofacial (22.4%). Age at onset for palmoplantar HH (12.9+/-7.5 years) was significantly younger than that of craniofacial HH (26.8+/-10.5 years) (p < 0.05). Compared with the skin of those in control group, the values of the skin hydration and TEWL were significantly higher in the skin of patients with PHH. The risk of tinea pedis were increased in patients with primary palmoplantar hyperhidrosis compared with controls (Odds ratio: 2.44). CONCLUSION: Skin physiological parameters of patients with PHH and normal subjects were evaluated by non-invasive skin bioengineering methods which show quantitative modifications in physiological conditions. On the basis of current data, we can expect great advances in the curative value for treatment in patients with PHH.