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The year 2019 was the 30th anniversary of the Korean Society of Emergency Medicine (KSEM) and the 18th International Congress of Emergency Medicine (ICEM) was held in Seoul, Korea. During the last 30 years, Korean emergency medicine has developed and grown enormously, not only in quantity but also in quality. Thus, it is an appropriate occasion to review the history of the KSEM, the three elements of its development, and the challenges to be met. The three major factors contributing to the development of emergency medicine in Korea are the training of emergency medical personnel, the enactment of the emergency medical law, and the creation of an emergency medical fund. The interaction of these three factors has had a synergistic effect on the development of Korean emergency medicine. The challenges to be resolved include the fragmented emergency medical system divided between the fire department and emergency medical centers, the failure of the patient transport system according to the classification of roles for each type of emergency medical center, insufficient quality control in prehospital treatment, and the lack of clarity for the scope of work of emergency medical technicians in the prehospital phase.
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OBJECTIVE: Patients are often transported within the hospital, especially in cases of critical illness for which computed tomography (CT) is performed. Since increased transport time increases the risks of complications, reducing transport time is important for patient safety. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of our newly invented device, the Easy Tube Arrange Device (ETAD), to reduce transport time for CT evaluation in cases of critical illness. METHODS: This prospective randomized control study included 60 volunteers. Each participant arranged five or six intravenous fluid lines, monitoring lines (noninvasive blood pressure, electrocardiography, central venous pressure, arterial catheter), and therapeutic equipment (O2 supply device, Foley catheter) on a Resusci Anne mannequin. We measured transport time for the CT evaluation by using conventional and ETAD method. RESULTS: The median transport time for CT evaluation was 488.50 seconds (95% confidence interval [CI], 462.75 to 514.75) and, 503.50 seconds (95% CI, 489.50 to 526.75) with 5 and 6 fluid lines using the conventional method and 364.50 seconds (95% CI, 335.00 to 388.75), and 363.50 seconds (95% CI, 331.75 to 377.75) with ETAD (all P < 0.001). The time differences were 131.50 (95% CI, 89.25 to 174.50) and 148.00 (95% CI, 116.00 to 177.75) (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The transport time for CT evaluation was reduced using the ETAD, which would be expected to reduce the complications that may occur during transport in cases of critical illness.
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Humanos , Pressão Sanguínea , Pressão Venosa Central , Estado Terminal , Eletrocardiografia , Manequins , Métodos , Segurança do Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Meios de Transporte , VoluntáriosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate and document a disaster medical response during the collapse of the Gyeongju Mauna Ocean Resort gymnasium, which occurred on February 17, 2014. METHODS: The official records of each institution were verified to select the study population. All the medical records and emergency medical service records were reviewed by an emergency physician. Personal or telephonic interviews were conducted without a separate questionnaire if the institutions or agencies crucial to disaster response did not have official records or if information from different institutions was inconsistent. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-five accident victims, who were treated at 12 hospitals mostly for minor wounds, were included in this study. The collapse killed 10 people. Although the news of the collapse was disseminated in 4 minutes, it took at lease 69 minutes for a dispatch of 4 disaster medical assistance teams to take action; 4.5% of patients were treated on-site, 56.7% were transferred to 2 nearest hospitals, and 42.6% were transferred to hospitals with poor preparation to handle disaster victims. CONCLUSION: In the collapse of the Gyeongju Mauna Ocean Resort gymnasium, the initial triage and distribution of patients were inefficient, with delayed arrival of medical assistance teams. These problems had also been noted in prior mass casualty incidents. Government agencies are implementing improvements, and this study could aid the implementation process.
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Humanos , Vítimas de Desastres , Desastres , Emergências , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Órgãos Governamentais , Estâncias para Tratamento de Saúde , Incidentes com Feridos em Massa , Assistência Médica , Prontuários Médicos , Rede Social , Triagem , Ferimentos e LesõesRESUMO
PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to increase the performance of the AIMS65 score in the prediction of outcomes in upper gastrointestinal bleeding by modifying the AIMS65 score. METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively between January 2015 and June 2015. A total of 212 adult patients, who visited the emergency department with an upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage during this period were included for analysis. High risk patients were defined as follows: those who needed an endoscopic or surgical hemostasis, suffered rebleeding, hospitalized in an intensive care unit, and those who were deceased within 30 days or required a blood transfusion. The seven parameters of the modified AIMS65 score were as follows: Albumin levels, international normalized ratio (prothrombin time), altered mental status, systolic blood pressure, age>65 years, hemoglobin levels, and heart rate. RESULTS: The high-risk group was comprised of 163 patients, while the low risk group was comprised of 49 patients. The areas under the curve for AIMS65 and modified AIMS65 scores were 0.727 (95% confidence interval, 0.662-0.786) and 0.847 (95% confidence interval, 0.791-0.892), respectively, which were significantly different (p<0.001). The AIMS65 score had a sensitivity of 53.0% and a specificity of 78.5% at a score of 0. The modified AIMS65 score had a sensitivity of 22.4% and a specificity of 99.3% at a score of 0. For the modified AIMS65 score of 3 or lower, the sensitivity was 97.9% with a specificity of 21.4%. CONCLUSION: The modified AIMS65 score was effective in distinguishing between the low-risk group and the high-risk group among patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Adulto , Humanos , Pressão Sanguínea , Transfusão de Sangue , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal , Frequência Cardíaca , Hemorragia , Hemostasia Cirúrgica , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Coeficiente Internacional Normatizado , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , TriagemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Critically ill patients sometimes require transport to another location. Longer intra-hospital transport time increases the risk of hemodynamic instability and associated complications. Therefore, reducing intra-hospital transport time is critical. Our objective was to evaluate whether or not a new device the easy tube arrange device (ETAD) has the potential to reduce intra-hospital transport time of critically ill patients. METHODS: We enrolled volunteers for this prospective randomized controlled study. Each participant arranged four, five, and six fluid tubings, monitoring lines, and therapeutic equipment on a cardiopulmonary resuscitation training mannequin (Resusci Anne). The time required to arrange the fluid tubings for intra-hospital transport using two different methods was evaluated. RESULTS: The median time to arrange four, five, and six fluid tubings was 86.00 (76.50 to 98.50), 96.00 (86.00 to 113.00), and 115.50 (93.00 to 130.75) seconds, respectively, using the conventional method and 60.50 (52.50 to 72.75), 69.00 (57.75 to 80.80), and 72.50 (64.75 to 90.50) seconds using the ETAD (all P<0.001). The total duration (for preparing the basic setting and organizing before and after the transport) was 280.00 (268.75 to 293.00), 315.50 (304.75 to 330.75), and 338.00 (319.50 to 360.25) seconds for four, five, and six fluid tubings, respectively, using the conventional method and 274.50 (261.75 to 289.25), 288.00 (271.75 to 298.25), and 301.00 (284.50 to 310.75) seconds, respectively, using the new method (P=0.024, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The ETAD was convenient to use, reduced the time to arrange medical tubings, and is expected to assist medical staff during intra-hospital transport.
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Humanos , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Estado Terminal , Equipamentos e Provisões , Hemodinâmica , Manequins , Corpo Clínico , Métodos , Estudos Prospectivos , Transporte de Pacientes , VoluntáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate and document the disaster medical response during the Gyeongju Mauna Ocean Resort gymnasium collapse on February 17, 2014. METHODS: Official records of each institution were verified to select the study population. All the medical records and emergency medical service run sheets were reviewed by an emergency physician. Personal or telephonic interviews were conducted, without a separate questionnaire, if the institutions or agencies crucial to disaster response did not have official records or if information from different institutions was inconsistent. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-five accident victims treated at 12 hospitals, mostly for minor wounds, were included in this study. The collapse killed 10 people. Although the news of collapse was disseminated in 4 minutes, dispatch of 4 disaster medical assistance teams took at least 69 minutes to take the decision of dispatch. Four point five percent were treated at the accident site, 56.7% were transferred to 2 hospitals that were nearest to the collapse site, and 42.6% were transferred to hospitals that were poorly prepared to handle disaster victims. CONCLUSION: In the Gyeongju Mauna Ocean Resort gymnasium collapse, the initial triage and distribution of patients was inefficient and medical assistance arrived late. These problems had also been noted in prior mass casualty incidents.
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Humanos , Vítimas de Desastres , Desastres , Emergências , Serviços Médicos de Emergência , Estâncias para Tratamento de Saúde , Incidentes com Feridos em Massa , Assistência Médica , Prontuários Médicos , Rede Social , Triagem , Ferimentos e LesõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the direction of the J-tip of the guidewire during insertion into the internal jugular vein (IJV) might determine its ultimate location. METHODS: In this study, 300 patients between the ages of 18 and 99 years who required central venous catheterization via IJV in the emergency department enrolled for randomization. IVJ catheterization was successful in 285 of 300 patients. An independent operator randomly prefixed the direction of the J-tip of the guidewire to one of three directions. Based on the direction of the J-tip, patients were allocated into three groups: the J-tip medial-directed group (Group A), the lateral-directed group (Group B), or the downward-directed group (Group C). Postoperative chest radiography was performed on all patients in order to visualize the location of the catheter tip. A catheter is considered malpositioned if it is not located in the superior vena cava or right atrium. RESULTS: Of the total malpositioned catheter tips (8 of 285; 2.8%), the majority (5 of 8; 62.5%) entered the contralateral subclavian vein, 2 (25.0%) were complicated by looping, and 1 (12.5%) entered the ipsilateral subclavian vein. According to the direction of the J-tip of the guidewire, the incidence of malpositioning of the catheter tip was 4 of 92 in Group A (4.3%), 4 of 96 in Group B (4.2%), and there were no malpositions in Group C. There were no significant differences among the three groups (p = 0.114). CONCLUSIONS: The direction of the J-tip of the guidewire had no statistically significant effect on incidence of malpositioned tips.
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Humanos , Cateterismo , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Catéteres , Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Átrios do Coração , Incidência , Veias Jugulares , Radiografia , Distribuição Aleatória , Veia Subclávia , Tórax , Veia Cava SuperiorRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We conducted this study to verify whether a mechanical ventilator is adequate for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS: A self-inflating bag resuscitator and a mechanical ventilator were used to test two experimental models: Model 1 (CPR manikin without chest compression) and Model 2 (CPR manikin with chest compression). Model 2 was divided into three subgroups according to ventilator pressure limits (P(limit)). The self-inflating bag resuscitator was set with a ventilation rate of 10 breaths/min with the volume-marked bag-valve procedure. The mode of the mechanical ventilator was set as follows: volume-controlled mandatory ventilation of tidal volume (Vt) 600 mL, an inspiration time of 1.2 seconds, a constant flow pattern, a ventilation rate of 10 breaths/minute, a positive end expiratory pressure of 3 cmH2O and a maximum trigger limit. Peak airway pressure (P(peak)) and Vt were measured by a flow analyzer. Ventilation adequacy was determined at a Vt range of 400-600 mL with a P(peak) of < or = 50 cmH2O. RESULTS: In Model 1, Vt and P(peak) were in the appropriate range in the ventilation equipments. In Model 2, for the self-inflating bag resuscitator, the adequate Vt and P(peak) levels were 17%, and the P(peak) adequacy was 20% and the Vt was 65%. For the mechanical ventilator, the adequate Vt and P(peak) levels were 85%; the P(peak) adequacy was 85%; and the Vt adequacy was 100% at 60 cmH2O of P(limit). CONCLUSIONS: In a manikin model, a mechanical ventilator was superior to self-inflating bag resuscitator for maintaining adequate ventilation during chest compression.
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Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Manequins , Modelos Teóricos , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Tórax , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar , Ventilação , Ventiladores MecânicosRESUMO
In response to modern events, every nation endeavors to develop plans to meet the challenges of disasters, but it is not possible to be prepared for every event and the ability to respond adequately is often limited. In the Republic of Korea, national disaster response efforts are defined by the Korea Basic Law for Disaster and Safety Management of 2004 and the establishment of the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) provides a framework for a holistic disaster prevention and recovery plan. However, the tragedy involving the sinking of the Sewol ferry in 2014 revealed a number of flaws in the current Korean disaster response system. In response to the shortcomings demonstrated in the Sewol incident, both NEMA and the Korean Coast Guard dissolved and the Korean disaster response system is being revised under the creation of the new Ministry of Public Safety and Security. However, the current national disaster management system still has many significant underlying and systematic problems that must be addressed. First, there is confusion concerning the responsible governmental organizations that will handle the various aspects of a comprehensive disaster management plan. Second, the relationships between the laws and government organizations involving planning, managing and reporting are in a vertical relationship, while the entities responsible for the actual response efforts exist in a horizontal relationship. This organizational limitation results in a slowdown of communication and confusion between the responsible parties. Thirdly, and consequently, there is a significant lack of unity and organization between the many organization responsible for disaster response. Finally, an efficient, accurate database of resources available to meet disasters remains to be developed. These and other limitations reveal that there is a significant amount of work that remains in order for Korea to have the same level of disaster response system of other developed nations.
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Humanos , Países Desenvolvidos , Planejamento em Desastres , Desastres , Emergências , Jurisprudência , Coreia (Geográfico) , Militares , República da Coreia , Gestão da SegurançaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We conducted this study to verify whether a mechanical ventilator is adequate for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). METHODS: A self-inflating bag resuscitator and a mechanical ventilator were used to test two experimental models: Model 1 (CPR manikin without chest compression) and Model 2 (CPR manikin with chest compression). Model 2 was divided into three subgroups according to ventilator pressure limits (P(limit)). The self-inflating bag resuscitator was set with a ventilation rate of 10 breaths/min with the volume-marked bag-valve procedure. The mode of the mechanical ventilator was set as follows: volume-controlled mandatory ventilation of tidal volume (Vt) 600 mL, an inspiration time of 1.2 seconds, a constant flow pattern, a ventilation rate of 10 breaths/minute, a positive end expiratory pressure of 3 cmH2O and a maximum trigger limit. Peak airway pressure (P(peak)) and Vt were measured by a flow analyzer. Ventilation adequacy was determined at a Vt range of 400-600 mL with a P(peak) of < or = 50 cmH2O. RESULTS: In Model 1, Vt and P(peak) were in the appropriate range in the ventilation equipments. In Model 2, for the self-inflating bag resuscitator, the adequate Vt and P(peak) levels were 17%, and the P(peak) adequacy was 20% and the Vt was 65%. For the mechanical ventilator, the adequate Vt and P(peak) levels were 85%; the P(peak) adequacy was 85%; and the Vt adequacy was 100% at 60 cmH2O of P(limit). CONCLUSIONS: In a manikin model, a mechanical ventilator was superior to self-inflating bag resuscitator for maintaining adequate ventilation during chest compression.
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Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Manequins , Modelos Teóricos , Respiração com Pressão Positiva , Tórax , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar , Ventilação , Ventiladores MecânicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that the direction of the J-tip of the guidewire during insertion into the internal jugular vein (IJV) might determine its ultimate location. METHODS: In this study, 300 patients between the ages of 18 and 99 years who required central venous catheterization via IJV in the emergency department enrolled for randomization. IVJ catheterization was successful in 285 of 300 patients. An independent operator randomly prefixed the direction of the J-tip of the guidewire to one of three directions. Based on the direction of the J-tip, patients were allocated into three groups: the J-tip medial-directed group (Group A), the lateral-directed group (Group B), or the downward-directed group (Group C). Postoperative chest radiography was performed on all patients in order to visualize the location of the catheter tip. A catheter is considered malpositioned if it is not located in the superior vena cava or right atrium. RESULTS: Of the total malpositioned catheter tips (8 of 285; 2.8%), the majority (5 of 8; 62.5%) entered the contralateral subclavian vein, 2 (25.0%) were complicated by looping, and 1 (12.5%) entered the ipsilateral subclavian vein. According to the direction of the J-tip of the guidewire, the incidence of malpositioning of the catheter tip was 4 of 92 in Group A (4.3%), 4 of 96 in Group B (4.2%), and there were no malpositions in Group C. There were no significant differences among the three groups (p = 0.114). CONCLUSIONS: The direction of the J-tip of the guidewire had no statistically significant effect on incidence of malpositioned tips.
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Humanos , Cateterismo , Cateterismo Venoso Central , Catéteres , Cateteres Venosos Centrais , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Átrios do Coração , Incidência , Veias Jugulares , Radiografia , Distribuição Aleatória , Veia Subclávia , Tórax , Veia Cava SuperiorRESUMO
Violence against medical personnel has been increasing recently, and violence in the doctor's office has become a serious threat to the safety of patients and medical personnel. However, medical personnel are not receiving adequate protection from violence, and the Assault Prevention Act against Medical Personnel has not been passed. Therefore, medical personnel must currently take measures to protect themselves from violence. The main perspective on countermeasures for violence against medical personnel is not that violence itself but that violence can disturb a physician's practice. In case of a violent incident in a doctor's office, medical personnel must take aggressive legal action. In addition medical personnel, the government, law enforcement officials, and citizens should make an effort to build a cooperative system for eliminating violence from the medical field.
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Humanos , Aplicação da Lei , Corpo Clínico , ViolênciaRESUMO
PURPOSE: We examined the question of whether one-hand chest compression for a small child could compress intraabdominal organs. METHODS: We retrospectively examined medical charts and multidirectional computed tomography (MDCT) images obtained from children aged 1 to 18 years who presented to the hospital from March 2002 to March 2012. We measured the length of the sternum (Stotal) and the length of the lower half of the sternum (Stotal/2~X). We also measured the distance from the diaphragm to the midpoint of the sternum (Stotal/2~D) and half the width of an adult hand (Wtotal/2). Finally, we counted the number of instances at each age in which Stotal/2~X and Stotal/2~D were less than Wtotal/2. RESULTS: This study included records and MDCT images for 301 children with a mean age of 12.05+/-5.59 years. We also enrolled 47 adult rescuers (25 men, 53.2%) with a mean age of 23.20+/-2.13 years. The mean Wtotal/2 was 4.62+/-0.46 cm. All 1-year-old children had Stotal/2~X and Stotal/2~D less than Wtotal/2. Among children aged 2 years, six (60.0%) had Stotal/2~X and Stotal/2~D less than Wtotal/2. Among children aged 3 years, four (26.7%) had Stotal/2~X and Stotal/2~D less than Wtotal/2, and among those aged 4 years, two (13.3%) had Stotal/2~X and Stotal/2~D less than Wtotal/2. However, Stotal/2~X and Stotal/2~D were greater than Wtotal/2 in children aged 5 years or more. CONCLUSION: Our measurements indicate that one-hand chest compression for a small child could cause intraabdominal organ injury.
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Adulto , Criança , Humanos , Masculino , Reanimação Cardiopulmonar , Diafragma , Mãos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Esterno , TóraxRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study was conducted in order to determine the characteristics and risk factors of pediatric eye injury patients in the emergency department and to offer strategies for prevention of pediatric eye injury. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted by use of a standardized eye injury survey of patients under the age of 16 years who were treated for ocular injury at nine emergency medical centers, from March to September of 2010. The following data were collected; general characteristics of the study population, type and location of injury, causative activities, and materials of injury. Risk factors associated with open-globe injury were analyzed by logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 1,151 patients were enrolled in the study; 75% were male. The highest incidence was observed between the age of 11 and 16 years (34.5%); 79.2% of patients had closed globe injury. The most common type of injury was contusion (65.4%) in closed globe injury and penetration (5.1%) in open-globe injury. Eye injury occurred most commonly at home (48.6%), followed by school/institution (19.4%). The most common causative activity and material were play (42.4%) and person/animal/plant (17%). Application of eye protective equipment (odds ratio: 24.33; 95% CI: 11.32~52.29) was found to be a statistically significant factor for occurrence of an open-globe injury. CONCLUSION: Establishment of safety measures considering gender and age is important since characteristics of pediatric eye injury differ based on such risk factors. The risk of open-globe eye injury increased with application of personal protective equipment, therefore, public education and promotion to use protective equipment of adequate level would be considered important.
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Humanos , Masculino , Contusões , Estudos Transversais , Educação , Emergências , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Traumatismos Oculares , Incidência , Modelos Logísticos , Pediatria , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Decontamination and supportive care are general types of treatment for glyphosate surfactant herbicide (GlySH) intoxication. However, no particular treatment for refractory shock has been established as a conventional therapy. Therefore, this study examined whether intravenous fat emulsion therapy (IFE) is effective on GlySH-induced shock. METHODS: This preliminary study was conducted on 10 rats. After anesthesia and catheterization, shock was induced by GlySH infusion. After a stabilization period, animals were randomized to receive intravenous normal saline (Group 1) or 20% lipid emulsion (Group 2). RESULTS: In the shock state, there was no significant difference between the two groups for systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP). In the post-management state, there was no significant difference between the two groups for SBP and MAP. However, there was a significant difference for DBP (Group 1, median 72.5 (IQR 52.8-74.6) mmHg; Group 2, median 77.6 (IQR 74.8-98.3) mmHg, p=0.016), SBP variation (Group 1, median 5.5 (IQR 1.6-11.1) mmHg; Group 2, median 25.6 (IQR 15.5-42.9) mmHg, p=0.008); DBP variation (Group 1, median -1.02 (IQR -4.69-11.0) mmHg; Group 2, median 21.1 (IQR 14.0-43.2) mmHg, p=0.008); MAP variation (Group 1, median 1.15 (IQR -2.6-11.0) mmHg; Group 2, median 23.2 (IQR 14.2-42.8) mmHg, p=0.008). CONCLUSION: The IFE increased blood pressure when shock was induced using GlySH. However, further studies are required to determine what components induced the shock and permitted a response to the IFE.
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Animais , Ratos , Anestesia , Pressão Arterial , Pressão Sanguínea , Cateterismo , Catéteres , Descontaminação , Modelos Animais , ChoqueRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Early prediction of neurologic outcome is important to patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia after hypoxic brain injury. Hypoxic brain injury patients may have poor neurologic prognosis due to increased intracranial pressure. Increased intracranial pressure can be detected by optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) measurement in computed tomography (CT) or ultrasound. In this study, we evaluate the relation between neurologic prognosis and optic nerve sheath diameter measured in brain CT of hypoxic brain injury patients. METHODS: We analyzed the patient clinical data by retrospective chart review. We measured the ONSD in initial brain CT. We also measured and calculated the gray white matter ratio (GWR) in CT scan. We split the patients into two groups based on neurologic outcome, and clinical data, ONSD, and GWR were compared in the two groups. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients were included in this study (age: 52.6 +/- 18.3, 18 males). The mean ONSD of the poor neurologic outcome group was larger than that of the good neurologic outcome group (6.07 mm vs. 5.39 mm, p = 0.003). The GWR of the good neurologic outcome group was larger than that of the poor outcome group (1.09 vs. 1.28, p = 0.000). ONSD was a good predictor of neurologic outcome (area under curve: 0.848), and an ONSD cut off > or = 5.575 mm had a sensitivity of 86.7% and a specificity of 77.8%. CONCLUSIONS: ONSD measured on the initial brain CT scan can predict the neurologic prognosis in cardiac arrest and hanging patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia.
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Humanos , Lesões Encefálicas , Encéfalo , Parada Cardíaca , Hipotermia , Pressão Intracraniana , Nervo Óptico , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical predictors of cervical abscess in adult patients who present a sore throat. METHODS: We prospectively studied adult patients (18 years of age or older) who presented with a sore throat at one of three hospitals (Chungnam national university hospital, Chungbuk national university hospital, and Konyang university hospital) from June 2010 to June 2011. The enrolled patients received a neck computed tomography scan, and their clinical manifestations were investigated. We evaluated several clinical variables in order to predict the existence of cervical abscess by use of multiple logistic regression analysis, and assessed the ability of the results of these variables to accurately diagnose cervical abscess using a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: A total of 109 patients were enrolled in this study. We identified two clinical variables (swelling and voice change) useful in predicting the existence of cervical abscess, and the AUC acquired by adding the scores of the two clinical factors was 0.89 (p<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of these clinical factors to predict cervical abscess were 0.96 and 0.69 when the cut off value was determined to be 2. CONCLUSION: Two clinical factors (swelling and voice change) were useful in predicting the appearance of cervical abscesses. Consideration should be made for the need for incision and drainage of a cervical abscess if a patient presents swelling, or swelling and voice change.
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Adulto , Humanos , Abscesso , Área Sob a Curva , Drenagem , Emergências , Modelos Logísticos , Pescoço , Faringite , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , VozRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical predictors of cervical abscess in adult patients who present a sore throat. METHODS: We prospectively studied adult patients (18 years of age or older) who presented with a sore throat at one of three hospitals (Chungnam national university hospital, Chungbuk national university hospital, and Konyang university hospital) from June 2010 to June 2011. The enrolled patients received a neck computed tomography scan, and their clinical manifestations were investigated. We evaluated several clinical variables in order to predict the existence of cervical abscess by use of multiple logistic regression analysis, and assessed the ability of the results of these variables to accurately diagnose cervical abscess using a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: A total of 109 patients were enrolled in this study. We identified two clinical variables (swelling and voice change) useful in predicting the existence of cervical abscess, and the AUC acquired by adding the scores of the two clinical factors was 0.89 (p<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity of these clinical factors to predict cervical abscess were 0.96 and 0.69 when the cut off value was determined to be 2. CONCLUSION: Two clinical factors (swelling and voice change) were useful in predicting the appearance of cervical abscesses. Consideration should be made for the need for incision and drainage of a cervical abscess if a patient presents swelling, or swelling and voice change.
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Adulto , Humanos , Abscesso , Área Sob a Curva , Drenagem , Emergências , Modelos Logísticos , Pescoço , Faringite , Estudos Prospectivos , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , VozRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the validity of corrected flow time (FTc) as a predictor of fluid responsiveness for patients with sepsis-induced hypotension in the emergency department. METHODS: A total of 26 adult patients, who presented in the emergency department with sepsis-induced hypotension with spontaneous breathing, were enrolled in this prospective, interventional study. These patients were monitored by Esophageal Doppler (ED); FTc, central venous pressure (CVP), stroke volume index (SVI), and inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) were measured before and after fluid challenge. Responsiveness to fluid challenge was defined as an SVI increase> or =10%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed and compared to evaluate the overall performance of preload indices (CVP, FTc, IVCD) in terms of predicting fluid responsiveness. RESULTS: Of the hemodynamic parameters initially measured, there were statistically significant differences in FTc and CVP between the responsive and unresponsive groups. Before and after fluid challenge, noticeable changes were observed in mean arterial pressure (MAP), CVP and IVCD between the two groups. Only the responsive group demonstrated statistical difference in FTc. The areas under the curves for FTc (0.870; 95% CIs, 0.708-0.979; p=.009) were significantly greater than those for CVP and IVCD. CONCLUSION: The corrected flow time (FTc) method may be a good predictor of fluid responsiveness relative to sepsis-induced hypotension for patients in the emergency department.
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Adulto , Humanos , Pressão Arterial , Pressão Venosa Central , Emergências , Hemodinâmica , Hipotensão , Estudos Prospectivos , Respiração , Curva ROC , Sepse , Volume Sistólico , Veia Cava InferiorRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the validity of corrected flow time (FTc) as a predictor of fluid responsiveness for patients with sepsis-induced hypotension in the emergency department. METHODS: A total of 26 adult patients, who presented in the emergency department with sepsis-induced hypotension with spontaneous breathing, were enrolled in this prospective, interventional study. These patients were monitored by Esophageal Doppler (ED); FTc, central venous pressure (CVP), stroke volume index (SVI), and inferior vena cava diameter (IVCD) were measured before and after fluid challenge. Responsiveness to fluid challenge was defined as an SVI increase> or =10%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed and compared to evaluate the overall performance of preload indices (CVP, FTc, IVCD) in terms of predicting fluid responsiveness. RESULTS: Of the hemodynamic parameters initially measured, there were statistically significant differences in FTc and CVP between the responsive and unresponsive groups. Before and after fluid challenge, noticeable changes were observed in mean arterial pressure (MAP), CVP and IVCD between the two groups. Only the responsive group demonstrated statistical difference in FTc. The areas under the curves for FTc (0.870; 95% CIs, 0.708-0.979; p=.009) were significantly greater than those for CVP and IVCD. CONCLUSION: The corrected flow time (FTc) method may be a good predictor of fluid responsiveness relative to sepsis-induced hypotension for patients in the emergency department.