RESUMO
Human vocal cords vibrate as quickly as 100–250 times per second, so it is impossible to observe them with normal endoscopic diagnostic equipment. High-speed videolaryngoscopy (HSV) allows the visualization of non-periodic vibratory motion of vocal fold beyond the limitation of videostroboscopy. New developed post-processing methods that converts HSV to two-dimensional videokymography (2D VKG) using U-medical image-processing software can provide quantitative information on vocal fold mucosa vibration. Multifunctional laryngeal examination system is composed of 3 kinds of examinations such as HSV, 2D scanning digital kymography (2D DKG) and line scanning digital kymography (DKG). Evaluation of entire vocal cord vibratory pattern in each cord is possible using 2D DKG and a faster and more reliable quantitative information can be obtained. As this system is used in clinical and research, it is expected to bring much advances to the diagnosis of voice disorders. In this review, I will introduce the principles and advantages on examination of the vocal fold vibration, which is in the spotlight recently, and proceed with the literature review.
RESUMO
Human vocal cords vibrate as quickly as 100–250 times per second, so it is impossible to observe them with normal endoscopic diagnostic equipment. High-speed videolaryngoscopy (HSV) allows the visualization of non-periodic vibratory motion of vocal fold beyond the limitation of videostroboscopy. New developed post-processing methods that converts HSV to two-dimensional videokymography (2D VKG) using U-medical image-processing software can provide quantitative information on vocal fold mucosa vibration. Multifunctional laryngeal examination system is composed of 3 kinds of examinations such as HSV, 2D scanning digital kymography (2D DKG) and line scanning digital kymography (DKG). Evaluation of entire vocal cord vibratory pattern in each cord is possible using 2D DKG and a faster and more reliable quantitative information can be obtained. As this system is used in clinical and research, it is expected to bring much advances to the diagnosis of voice disorders. In this review, I will introduce the principles and advantages on examination of the vocal fold vibration, which is in the spotlight recently, and proceed with the literature review.
RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Applications to extract medical information from electronic medical records(EMRs) confront some serious obstacles such as spelling errors, ambiguous abbreviations, and unrecognizable words. Those obstacles hinder the process of finding medical entities, relations, and events. We present an efficient EMR refinement system for the purpose of medical information extraction from EMRs, not just for traditional text error correction. METHODS: The EMR refinement system has been designed and implemented through following steps: 1) Build domain constrained dictionary database, 2) Correct spelling errors in Korean-English EMR documents, 3) Resolve ambiguous abbreviations in the bilingual documents. The resulting EMR documents are now machine readable and can be applied to various applications including information extraction. RESULT: Precision rate of the refinement system for spelling error correction is 80.4% and for disambiguating abbreviations/acronyms is 94.7%. CONCLUSION: We developed an EMR refinement system to correct spelling errors and resolve ambiguous abbreviations as well as unrecognizable words. Our system can enhance the reliability of medical records and contribute to develop further application systems in the field of text mining and information extraction.