Effect of nicotine and camellia sinensis on the length of chick

To study the oxidative stress of nicotine on the growth of chick, and to observe the role of antioxidant such as camellia sinensis in reducing the harmful effects of nicotine. Randomized controlled trial. The study was conducted at Army medical college in Anatomy department from 2nd November 2011 to 2nd November 2012 in collaboration with poultry research institute Rawalpindi [PRI]. Fertilized eggs of Fayoumi species were selected at zero hour of incubation. Four groups were made, each group comprising often eggs. Control group [Gl] was given normal saline, experimental group [G2] was given green tea extract, experimental group [G3] was given 0.0001% nicotine solution, and experimental group [G4] was given both 0.0001% nicotine solution and green tea extract. First exposure was at 48 hours of incubation and second at 48 hours of hatching. Chick length was measured after one month of hatching, with the help of inch tape from vertex till the third toe tip. It was observed that nicotine treated group such as [G3] and [G4] were weak as compared to the [Gl], the length of chick which was measured at one month of age was less in comparison to [G2] and [Gl]. In case of [G4], having administration of both the solution that is nicotine and green tea extract, showed better growth in comparison to nicotine treated group [G3], but its growth was less in comparison with control group [Gl] and experimental group [G2]. Green tea extract helps to undo the toxic effects of nicotine but cannot overcome the reverse effect of nicotine toxicity

Recurrent meningitis - a case report

Recurrent meningitis is an uncommon but serious condition. A 13 year old girl presented with recurrent meningitis, was admitted and investigated for the cause of meningitis. She had frontal bone fracture due to trauma 5 years back. We present a pediatric patient with recurrent meningitis without CSF rhinorrea or otorrhea

Effects of Toxic Dose of Lead Acetate on Testicular Morphology in Albino Rats

The objective of this study was to observe the morphometric changes in the testes of albino rats exposed to lead acetate. Experimental animal study. This study was conducted from January to April, 2009 at National Institute of Health Islamabad. Animals were obtained from the animal house of N.I.H and were divided into two groups A and B. The animals in group A were used as control, while those of groups B were treated with lead acetate that was given intraperitonially in the dose of 4mg/kg body weight, 5 days a week for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks the animals of group A [control] and group B [experimental] were sacrificed by an overdose of ether anesthesia. The testes were fixed in formalin and then processed for paraffin embedding. Five micrometer thick section were cut, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and observed microscopically for germinal epithelium thickness and the basement membrane of seminiferous tubules. The histological comparison of testes of both groups of animals showed that after six weeks, the width of germinal epithelium and the number of spermatogenic cells had decreased in the test group as compared to the control group [p<0.05] and in majority of the seminiferous tubules, the basement membrane was disrupted

Frequency of red cell alloantibodies and autoantibodies in thalassemia major children

Beta Thalassejnia is an inherited haemoglobin disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of beta - globin chains [1]. The most severe forms of /3-thalassemia major present within the first year of life with severe anaemia and failure to thrive. [2]The haemoglobinopathies are major genetic problems in Pakistan. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of red cell alloantibodies and auto-antibodies in thalassemia major children receiving regular blood transfiisions. It was a cross sectional survey. It was perfonned at The Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore in Dec. 2009 - May 2010. 130 diagnosed patients of beta thalassaemia major from Children Hospital Lahore were selected. Blood grouping and direct antiglobulin test was performed in these patients. Allo-antibody screening and identification tests were done using the 3 cell panel followed by 11 cell panel of Diamed. Among the 130 patients 8.5% [n = 11] patients were diagnosed to have alloantibodies. Autoantibodies were detected in 2.3% [n = 3]. Presence of red cell antibodies and red cell autoantibodies are frequent findings in transfused thalassaemic patients and should not be overlooked in patients with thalassaemia major receivmg regular blood transfusion. Regular screening for red cell alloantibodies and autoantibodies would add towards the better management of these patients

Number of human segmental arteries in local population

To investigate the variations in the total number of segmental arteries in human kidneys obtained from cadavers of the local adult population. Observational Study. This study was conducted at Anatomy Department of University of Health Sciences, Lahore, for a period of one year from October 2006 to October 2007. Forty four adult human kidneys were obtained after autopsy; they were randomly divided in two groups A and B of right and left kidneys respectively. Simple blunt dissection and corrosion cast techniques were used to study the number of segmental arteries. Statistical analysis was carried out by using SPSS version 16.0 and STATA version 8.0. Segmental arteries were present in 100% of specimens of groups A and B; variations were seen in the number of segmental arteries of both groups. The segmental branches of renal artery in local population showed variations different from those reported in the earlier work carried out in other countries