Determination of time passed since death by the assessment of renal histopathological degenerative changes in adult albino rats

The estimation of the time of death is a medico-legal problem only partially solved. It is an important factor for the investigation of death by defining the period during which death may have occurred. This work was designed to establish the feasibility of the concept of relating degenerative changes of the kidney to postmortem interval. Histopathological changes in the kidney tissue of rats were examined at various postmortem intervals [0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30 and 36 hours] and fixed temperature [25 °C]. Various histopathological changes were graded according to the degree and extent of autolytic changes from grade-0 to grade-6 [G-0 to G-6]. Samples were stained also with Periodic Acid-Schiff [PAS] after the standard procedure of tissue processing. Afterward, the following structures were analyzed: glomerular basal membrane, parietal layer of Bowman's capsule, tubular basal membrane and apical parts of tubular cells. Results revealed a certain autolytical order depending on the time of death. This work lends support to suggestions that renal histopathological degenerative changes can potentially aid in the estimation of postmortem interval [PMI]

Detection of some pain managing drugs in bone, bone marrow and hair [human and experimental study]

Detection of morphine, fentanyl, and tramadol in human hair and in hair, bone and bone marrow of rats was done using high pressure liquid chromatography [HPKC]. Forty participants were divided into 4 groups control, morphine, tramadol, and fentanyl group. Hair samples were taken after 7 days of exposure to the tested drugs. The animal pat of the experiment consisted of 80 rats. The first 40 rats were divided into 4 subgroups [10 rats each]. The first subgroup was injected with saline IP as a control group, the second subgroup was injected with morphine 20mg/kg SC. The 3[rd] subgroup was injected with fentanyl 60micro g/kg IP and the 4[th] one was injected with tramadol 20mg/kg IP. Hair specimens were collected ten days after injection. The other forty rats were divided into 4 subgroups treated with the same drug doses of the first 40 rats, but morphine and tramadol groups were scarificed after 1 hour and fentanyl group was scarificed after 20 minutes. Femora diaphysis and bone marrow were collected from each sacrificed rat and frozen. After extraction; HPLC was used to evaluate if these drugs could be detected in these tissues after exposure to single therapeutic doses or not. Results showed that all control groups gave negative results. Morphine, fentanyl and tramadol were detected in human hair at levels 20-123pg/mg, 0.6-1.3 and 1.23-4.23 ng/mg respectively. In rats; morphine was detected at level 0.03-0.53, 4.39-12.31 and 9.31-31.20 ng/mg in hair, bone and bone marrow of rats respectively. Fentanyl was detected at level 1.9-6.20, 5.35-22.36 and 18.22-53.49 ng/mg while tramadol was detected at level 1.27-3.92, 9.6-21.6, and 22.62 to 51.31 ng/mg in hair, bone and bone marrow respectively. This study confirmed that morphine, fentanyl and tramadol are detectable even after single use in hair, bone and bone marrow

effects of 900-Mhz-emitted mobile phone on the uterus and ovaries of albino female rats

This work was done to study the effects of exposure to mobile emits 900MHz electromagnetic field [EMW] on the uterus and ovaries of female rats. Thirty female adult rates were randomly divided into three groups [10 each] as follows: negative control group [1], positive control group [II]: without exposure to electromagnetic wave [exposure device off for 30 min/day for 30 days]. Exposure group [III]: exposed to 900MHz electromagnetic wave [EMW] for 30 min/day for 30 days. The results showed a significant reduction in ovarian weights and non significant change in uterine weight in the exposed rats [group III] when compared to the other control groups. The Serum levels of estrogen and progesterone were significantly decreased among EMW exposed group. Ovarian and endometrial tissue homogenate revealed a significant increase in malondialgehyde [MDA] levels, while they showed a significant decrease in the activity of the reduced gluthathione [GSH] in the same group. In the EMW exposed group, histopathological changes revealed many apoptotic cells with densely stained cytoplasm and fragmented or phyknotic nuclei, in the endometrial surface, epithelial and glandular cells. The glands were significantly decreased in number and diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration were observed in the endometrial stroma. Sections of ovaries revealed significant decrease in the follicle numbers in EMW exposed group III compared to both control groups. Uterine sections immunolabeled for active caspase-3, showed significant increasing in numbers of immunolabeled cells for activated caspase 3 and apoptotic cells, in EMW-exposed group III. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that there is impairment in endometrial and ovarian tissues both at biochemical and histological levels after experimental exposure to 900-MHz emitted mobile phone

Effect of ascorbic acid on aflatoxin B[1] induced chronic hepatotoxicity: an experimental study

This study was done to evaluate the effect of chronic Aflatoxin B[1] [AFB[1]] administration on the liver of albino rats and to investigate the role of ascorbic acid as a protective agent. It was carried out on 90 male adult albino rats weighing 150-200 gms and divided into 6 numerically equal groups each group consists of 15 rats. First group [-ve control group] untreated animals, second group received olive oil, third group received ascorbic acid, fourth group received distilled water. Both second, third and fourth groups were served as +ve controls. Fifth group received AFB[1] and sixth group received ascobic acid prior to AFBJ. After 12 weeks of treatment all animals were sacrified and blood was collected to investigate the liver functions [ALT, AST, serum billirubin and alkaline phosphatase]. Liver sections of different groups were examined histopathologicaly using light microscope. The results revealed that the levels of liver functions in AFB[1] group were significantly higher than the control groups. In rats which received ascorbic acid prior to AFB[1], the levels of liver functions were significantly reduced to more or less the levels of the control groups. Light microscopic examination of the control groups demonstrated the normal hepatic structure. Histopathological examination of liver specimens of AFB[1] treated rats group showed vacular degeneration, focal necrosis, fatty changes, kupffer cell hyperplasia and portal infiltration and these harmful effects were reduced in rats group treated by ascorbic acid prior to the administration of AFB[1]. In conclusion this work showed that liver damage of rats treated with AFB[1] is associated with biochemical elevation of liver functions and confirmed by histopathological changes. Ascorbic acid can be considered as a potential antidote against the harmful effect of AFB[1] on liver

study of prevalence and associated risk factors of adult abuse

This work was conducted to study the prevalence and associated risk factors of adult abuse in Minia. It was carried out in 120 cases, all of them were victims of adult abuse from the emergency department and out patient clinics of El Minia University Hospital. They were diagnosed to be abused from the detailed history and medical examination. The current study revealed that, the number of female victims was higher than the number of male victims. It was found that, the age group at higher risk of adult violence lie between 25-30 years. The predominant type of abuse among studied cases was the physical abuse and the most common type of physical abuse was wounds. The socioeconomic variables examined in this study revealed that, non-educated families and substance abuse by male partners were the strongest predictors for injury from domestic violence. Therefore, the prevalence and associated risk factors of adult abuse indicate the need for organization between governmental and non-governmental authorities to face this problem in our society

Tin Chloride pretreatment prevents potassium dichromate induced nephrotoxicity and Ischemic acute renal injury in rats

This study was done to investigate whether tin chloride [Sncl[2]] pretreatment ameliorates renal injury in rats with toxic or ischaemia acute renal failure [ARF]. It was carried out on 100 adult male albino rats weighing 180-220 gm. Rats were divided into 5 numerically equal groups [each contains 20 animals]. Control group [received physiological saline] group pretreated with physiological saline before single subcutaneous[S.C.] injection of potassium dichromate [K[2]Cr[2]O[7] in a dose of 25 mg/kg, group treated with Sncl[2][10 mg/100 g BW, subcutaneously] 12 hours before K[2]Cr[2]O[7] and group subjected to renal ischaemia. The group of renal ischaemia were subdivided into 2 groups: pretreatment with the same volume of physiological saline 24 hrs before ischaemia and pretreatment with Sncl[2] [10 mg/100g Bw, subcutaneously] 24 hrs before ischaemia,. After the desired period of treatment, animals were killed at different intervals of time. Blood was collected to investigate the renal functions [bloo urea nitrogen and serum creatinine], and kidneys wer examined histopathologically. The results revealed that, K2Cr2O7 and renal ischaemia markedly increased renal functions. Histological sections of ARF treated rats revealed an extensive tubular cell necrosis. Tin chloride pretreatment which specifically induced renal heme oxygenase activity in the rat ameliorated the toxic and ischaemia renal i njury as judged by the significant decrease in serum creatinine and blood urea concentrations and the lesser tubular cell injuries

trials to change signatures by localized manipulations of hand and forearm

This study was done to investigate the effects of localized manipulations of the dominant hand and forearm [casting fixations, tourniquet and regional anesthesia at wrist by radial nerve block] on writing process as a trial to change signature before the dictation time. It was carried out on 60 subjects who were divided into 3 groups. First group, patients candidates for regional anesthesia by radial nerve block at wrist, second group patients, patients candidates for regional anesthesia by radial nerve block at wrist, second group patients candidates for casting and the third group healthy volunteers for tourniquet application. Handwriting schedules were taken from the subjects and handwriting analysis was done. The results revealed that, regional anesthesia by radial nerve block and tourniquet were more effective in reducing handwriting changes than did the castings. It is concluded that, some trials could be done by some writers by localized manipulations in the dominant hand and forearm before the dictation time to change the features of their handwritings, especially those related to regional anesthesia and tourniquet application. These findings suggest to leave a period before dictation time in order to avoid any trials which could affect the original handwriting

Genetic damage in operating room personnel exposed to anaesthetic gases

This study was done to examine whether genetic damage could serve to indicate exposure to anesthetics. A group of 40 operating room personnel of different professions [anesthesiologists, surgeons, technicians and nurses] and a control group of 20 subjects were examined for chromosome aberrations and micronuclei frequency in lymphocytes of peripheral chromosome fragments or whole blood. The results revealed an increase in chromosome damage in the exposed group, but concerning the micronuclei frequency, no clastogenic potential could detected after exposure to anesthetic gases