Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance [TEARS] a marker of oxidative stress in obstructive sleep apnea

OSA is a common condition that is primarily characterized by intermittent and recurrent pauses in respiration results in multiple cycles of hypoxia/re-oxygenation with an increased production of reactive oxygen species [ROS]. Is to assess TEARS as a marker of oxidative stress in obese patients with and without OSA. Study was performed on 51 obese subjects who had been referred to the Chest Department of Kasr Alaini Hospital with clinical suspicion of OSA in order to perform pol-ysomnography. They were classified into two groups; Cases: consist of 33 obese patients who were diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea [OSA] and Controls: consist of 18 obese subjects, without OSA as a control group. The two groups were subjected to polysomnograpic study and serum TEARS. There was statistically highly significant increase in Epworth sleepiness scale [ESS] among cases compared to controls. As regards the polysomnographic data, there was statistically highly significant increase in AHI, desaturation index and duration of desaturation < 90% among cases compared to control subjects. While minimal O[2] sat% and average O[2] sat% were lower in cases than in the control subjects this reduction was statistically significant. There was statistically highly significant increase in serum TEARS levels among cases as compared to controls. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between grade of obesity and serum TEARS among studied cases. TERAS could be used as a marker of oxidative stress in OSA

Insulin resistance in obstructive sleep apnea

OSA is a common condition that is characterized by intermittent and recurrent pauses in respiration results in multiple cycles of hypoxia/reoxygenation with an increased production of reactive oxygen species [ROS]. Is to assess serum insulin level and insulin resistance in obese patients with and without OSA. Study was performed on 51 obese subjects who had been referred to the Chest Department of Kasr Alaini Hospital with clinical suspicion of OSA in order to perform polysomnography. They were classified into two groups; cases: consist of 33 obese patients who were diagnosed as obstructive sleep apnea [OSA] and controls: consist of 18 obese subjects, without OSA as a control group. The two groups were subjected to polysomnographic study, serum insulin by ELISA and assessment of insulin resistance by calculation of HOMA index. There was statistically highly significant increase in Epworth sleepiness scale [ESS] among cases compared to controls. As regards the polysomnographic data, there was statistically highly significant increase in AHI, desaturation index and duration of desaturation < 90% among cases compared to control subjects. Regarding minimal O2 sat% and average O[2] sat% were lower in cases than in the control subjects and this reduction was statistically significant. There was statistically highly significant increase in serum insulin, HOMA index among cases as compared to controls. Insulin resistance in OSA is related to sleep associated hypoxemia and hypoxic stress

Clinico-pathological profile of bronchogenic carcinoma cases presented to Chest Department, Cairo University in the last 10 years

Introduction: Lung cancer was the most commonly diagnosed cancer as well as the leading cause of cancer death in males in 2008 globally

Aim of the work: To evaluate the clinico-pathological profile of the bronchogenic carcinoma cases in the Chest Department, Cairo University

Patients and methods: Retrospective study was carried out in the Chest Department, Cairo University, in which four hundred and four confirmed cases of bronchogenic carcinoma were admitted during July 2002 till July 2012. Data regarding demographics, smoking, histology, clinical presentation, radiographic findings are reported

Results: Our study included 404 confirmed cases of bronchogenic carcinoma. Male to female ratio was 4.6:1. The highest incidence was in the sixth and seventh decades of life [63.6%]. Smoking was found to be the main risk factor in 75.7% of patients. Cough was the most common symptom found in 347 patients [85.9%], followed by dyspnea in 276 patients [68.3%]. Most common radiological finding was mass lesion [49.8%]. Majority of cases were diagnosed by bronchoscopy [68.1%]. Four types of bronchogenic carcinoma were found: squamous cell carcinoma 37.4% adenocarcinoma 29.5%, small cell carcinoma 14.9%, large cell carcinoma 7.2% and undifferentiated carcinoma 11.1%. In females, adenocarcinoma was the predominant cell type [54.2%] while in males, squamous cell carcinoma was the predominant cell type [42.5%]

Conclusion: Bronchogenic carcinoma is more frequent beyond the middle age. Smoking is still the major risk factor. Adenocarcinoma is more common in females and was the most frequent tumor in non-smokers, while in males, squamous cell carcinoma is still the predominant cell type