RESUMO
Abstract: The metals toxic for living being are led, mercury, arsenic, cadmium and cobalt. Arsenic is increasing day by day in underground water and is more toxic for the proliferating tissue in the body as intestine, ovaries, testes etc
Study design: Experimental study
Place and duration: National Institute for health, Islamabad from 2008 to 2014
Methodology: 20 Male albino rats were bought from National Health Institute, Islamabad weighing from 250-300 grams. They were divided in to two groups A and B each having 10 animals. Group A was taken as control and was given 10 ml of distilled water orally in the morning and evening with normal diet for 28 days. Group B was given 10 ml of water with sodium arsenite 5mg/kg of body weight for 28 days with normal diet
Results: The present study showed that there was reduction of body and testicular weight of albino rats given arsenic when compared with control
Conclusion: Arsenite and arsenate compounds are highly toxic to human beings as well as animals. Arsenic induced toxicity might be responsible for regression of testes and reduces the body and testicular weight of albino rats
RESUMO
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome having effects on blood sugar and lipid profile
Objective: To explore and compare the pattern of dyslipidaemia in male and female patients of type 2 diabetes
Design: A observational comparative study. Setting and place of study: This study was conducted in Medical Unit-2 of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur, over a period of 6 months from 1[st] January, 2011 to 30[th] June, 2011. Procedure: A total of hundred diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes were randomly selected for study. Those who had hyperlipidaemia due to secondary causes such as nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism and drugs etc. were excluded. Blood samples were taken for fasting and random sugar and fasting lipid profile. For statistical analysis student "T" test at 5% level of significance was applied
Results: The female patients were found to be overweight and hypertensive and they had uncontrolled hyperglycemia as well. Their systolic blood pressure was 150 +/- 25.75 mm/Hg and diastolic B.P was 90.6 +/- 17.6mm/Hg. The mean blood glucose concentration was 246.64 +/- 105mg//dL. The mean concentration of lipids was significantly raised among females as compared to males. Collectively in female patients the values of LDL-C, triglycerides and HDL-C was 191 +/- 31.81 mg/dL, 179 +/- 93mg/dL and 32 +/- 2.4mg/dL respectively, all in high risk range. LDL: HDL ratio was 6.0. Although in male patients the mean concentration of LDL was 174 +/- 41m g/dL and it was in high risk category, but HDL-C was borderline [35.2mg/dL], and triglycerides were within normal range. LDL: HDL ratio was also in acceptable range
Conclusion: The female diabetics were hypertensive, overweight and had more uncontrolled hyperglycemia along with dyslipidaemia as compared to male. The pattern of dyslipidaemia found in these female patients was increase in LDL-C and strikingly decreased HDL-C level