Effect of a mouthwash containing cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc acetate / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#This study investigated the effects of mouthwashes containing cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc acetate on oral health. @*Methods@#A total of 60 participants were included in the study. Fifty-three participants (27 and 26 participants in the experimental and control groups, respectively) were retained, excluding seven candidates who dropped out. The mouthwash used for the study was spat out after 10-15 ml of mouth-washing for 3 s in the oral cavity after breakfast, lunch, and dinner. Oral examination indices included the gingival (gingival index, PMA index), the patient hygiene performance (PHP index, Turesky plaque index), and the bad breath (BB checker, Oral chroma) indices. Five measurements were taken after 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks and compared. @*Results@#Measurements of the gingival index showed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and the control groups after 4 weeks, and the PMA index from eight weeks (P<0.05). Measurements of the PHP and Turesky plaque indices showed a significant difference in the experimental and control groups after 4 weeks (P<0.05). Compared to the PHP index before the experiment, that of the experimental group showed a significant index decrease after 2 weeks (P<0.05). Results of measuring bad breath through a BB checker showed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups after 4 weeks (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#Oral mouthwash products containing cetylpyridinium chloride and zinc acetate relieves gingivitis, removes bacterial plaque, and reduces bad breath.

A study on the significant caries (SiC) index of Lao students / 대한구강보건학회지

Objective@#This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the high-risk group for dental caries among 12- and 15-year-old children in Laos. @*Methods@#Oral health survey was conducted on 12-year-old (N=537) and 15-year-old (N=490) children in Laos. The oral examination data were listed from highest to highest based on the permanent caries experience index. Then the caries experience permanent index of the participants corresponding to the top third was calculated. In the final high-risk group, 179 and 163 children aged 12 and 15 years, respectively, were analyzed for the Significant Caries (SiC) Index. @*Results@#The Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index of 12-year-old children in Laos was 1.59 (urban area 1.72, rural area 1.46), and the SiC index of the high-risk group for dental caries was 3.93 (urban area 4.01, rural area 3.85). DMFT index of the 15-year-old group was 2.04 (2.37 in urban areas, 1.74 in rural areas), and the SiC index of the high-risk group for dental caries was 5.17 (5.90 in urban areas, 4.49 in rural areas). @*Conclusions@#Children aged 12 and 15 in the high-risk group for dental caries in Laos showed a higher caries experience permanence index than the overall average in the high-risk group. Based on the outcome of the investigation that the high-risk group had a lot of experience with dental caries, it is thought that the priority dental caries prevention project for the high-risk group of dental caries should be carried out.

Preventive effect of dentifrice containing 1,450 ppm fluoride and sodium pyrophosphate / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a toothpaste containing sodium pyrophosphate and a high concentration (1,450 ppm) of fluoride on dental plaque, gingivitis index, and calculus index in a clinical trial. @*Methods@#This study used an eight-week, randomized, double-blinded, controlled, comparative, parallel design. The participants, who voluntarily signed a consent form, were screened through visit evaluation if they met the selection/exclusion criteria. After a one-week run-in period, the selected participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group in the order of their enrollment. Subsequently, the participants were asked to brush their teeth with the study toothpaste using the rolling method for 3 min, thrice daily, for 8 weeks. Oral examinations were performed at baseline and after 3 weeks, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks. Evaluation of papillary marginal attachment index (PMA index), Talbott’s gingival index, patient hygiene performance index (PHP index), Turesky plaque index, and calculus index were performed during the oral examination. @*Results@#After 8 weeks, the PMA indices were 7.12 for the control group and 5.00 for experimental groups. In addition, the PHP index was 2.06 for the control group and 1.66 for the experimental group. Significant differences were observed between the control and experimental groups in all indice (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#This study shows that using a toothpaste containing sodium fluoride, sodium pyrophosphate, tocopherol acetate, and dental-type silica improves dental plaque removal, reduces gingivitis, and inhibits calculus formation.

Lysozyme hydrochloride 0.01%, sodium fluoride 0.02%, cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05% antibacterial and sterilizing effect of mouth freshener / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#This study aimed to assess the antibacterial, bactericidal, and mouth freshener effects of lysozyme hydrochloride 0.01%, sodium fluoride 0.02%, and cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05%. @*Methods@#Eight oral disease-related bacteria were cultivated anaerobically. Four samples were prepared with or without 0.5% cetylpyridinium chloride, 0.2% sodium fluoride, and 0.1% lysozyme hydrochloride. Antimicrobial activity was tested in 96-well microplates. After assessing the bacterial count, the bacterial suspension was mixed with samples and spread on agar. The bactericidal rate was calculated by counting and comparing treated and untreated colonies. @*Results@#Lysozyme hydrochloride 0.01%, sodium fluoride 0.02%, and cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05% mouth fresheners sterilized 99.99% of 8 oral bacteria, including Streprococcus mutans. Lysozyme hydrochloride 0.01%, sodium fluoride 0.02%, and cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05% mouth fresheners showed 99.97% bactericidal activity against Lactobacillus acidophilus. @*Conclusions@#Lysozyme hydrochloride 0.01%, sodium fluoride 0.02%, and cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05% mouth fresheners confirmed the sterilization and antibacterial effects on oral disease-causing bacteria.

Antimicrobial effects of green tea extract-containing dentifrice / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of green tea extract containing dentifrice on oral disease-causing bacteria. @*Methods@#The antibacterial activity of green tea extract containing dentifrice was examined on the gram-positive bacteria Actinomyces israelii, Enterococcus faecalis, Filifactor alocis, Streptococcus mutans, and gram-negative bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis. A. israelii, E. faecalis, F. alocis, S. mutans, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis were cultured with green tea extract containing dentifrice or control dentifrice; they were then incubated at 37°C under anaerobic conditions and cultured. Following incubation, a microplate reader was used to measure the absorbance and observe the number of bacteria. Statistical significance tests were conducted using the Mann-Whitney test and SPSS 24.0. @*Results@#Green tea containing dentifrice has antibacterial activity against A. israelii, E. faecalis, F.alocis, S. mutans, F. nucleatum, and P. gingivalis. Furthermore, green tea containing dentifrice killed more than 99.99% of 4 strains of gram-positive bacteria and 2 strains of gram-negative bacteria. @*Conclusions@#The detergent with green tea extract is significantly reduced the bacteria applied in this experiment; dentifrice has a bactericidal and antibacterial effect against oral bacteria. Therefore, the detergent with green tea extract is thought to be helpful in preventing dental caries and periodontal disease.

Oral malodor prevention effect of toothpaste containing 0.5% zinc citrate and 1,450 ppm fluoride / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#This study aims to verify the effect of the use of a toothpaste containing 0.5% zinc citrate and 1,450 ppm fluoride on oral malodor. @*Methods@#In this study, the experimental group using the experimental toothpaste and the control group using the standard toothpaste control toothpaste were allowed to use each toothpaste for 4 weeks and then a clinical test to measure the change in bad breath was conducted. A study was conducted to evaluate the reduction effect. Efficacy was evaluated by conducting BB checker test and Oralchroma test three times in total before the testing 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the test. @*Results@#As a result of measuring the degree of bad breath using the BB checker, before the start of the test, the experimental group was 46.3 and the control group was 47.2. After 2 weeks of the test, the experimental group was 38.5 and the control group was 44.2 and after 4 weeks the experimental group was 29.6 and the control group was 39.2. There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group after 4 weeks of the test (P<0.05). The volatile sulfur compounds measured by Oralchroma were 0.825 ng/10 ml for the experimental group and 0.819 ng/10 ml for the control group after 2 weeks of the test, and they were 0.705 ng/10 ml for the experimental group and 0.860 ng/10ml for the control group after 4 weeks of the test. It was confirmed that a significant index change appeared after 4 weeks of the test compared to before the test (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#It was confirmed that an improved effect of removing bad breath can be expected when a toothpaste containing 0.5% zinc citrate and 1,450 ppm fluoride is used.

Consideration on the role of the regional oral care center for persons with disabilities and the appropriate role of specialized dental hygienists / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#This study aims to define the role of the local dental clinic for people with disabilities and the appropriate role of the dental hygienist to resolve oral health inequality with people with disabilities. @*Methods@#From September 12, 2022 to November 11, 2022, 16 experts who voluntarily participated in the research, among the experts recommended by the related institutes, were selected through stratification analysis. The results of this study and improvement plans are as follows. @*Results@#First, as a result of measuring the importance of the role of a regional oral care center for people with disabilities in the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) middle category, check-up was found to be the most important (0.364, C.I=0.01). For examination, a facility visit checkup and regular checkups were required. Second, as a result of measuring the importance of the role of a dedicated dental hygienist in the AHP middle category, the institutional-linked activity was found to be the most important (0.417, C.I=0.02). As for institutional-linked activities, linkage with local community organizations, patient management, and public relations activities were required. @*Conclusions@#Considering these results, the role of a regional oral care center for people with disabilities is to perform examinations and preventive treatments, primary treatments (simple), education and counseling, and establish a smooth medical return system to serve as a base for dental treatment for people with disabilities. Education and counseling are provided through professional patient response and the arrangement of a dedicated dental hygienist, and oral health care is provided to people with disabilities through professional treatment assistance for patients and treatment support and screening, linkage with local community institutions, and patient management. Specialized dental hygienists should play a role in supporting the operation of oral health care for people with disabilities.

2019 Laos children’s dental caries experience survey / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#The aim of this study was to determine the dental caries experience of children in Laos. @*Methods@#Oral examinations were performed on a total of 1,540 students in 513 primary school students, 537 middle school students, and 490 high school students and the results analyzed. @*Results@#The dft index (decayed-filled primary teeth index) of 6-year-old primary school children was 6.04. The DMFT index (decayed-filled-missing permanent teeth index) was 1.59 in 12-yearold middle school children and 2.04 in 15-year-old middle school children. @*Conclusions@#Caries experience in most of the age groups was on the high side. It is considered that in Laos, a treatment project to stop the progression of caries is necessary in parallel with a prevention project to lower the caries fatality rate.

Antibacterial effect of mouthwash containing CPC against dental caries caused bacteria / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#The purpose of this study was to evaluate and report the antibacterial efficacy in relation to oral disease-causing bacteria using a mouthwash containing 0.05% CPC in an in vitro test. @*Methods@#The sterilization test and susceptibility assay of mouthwash containing 0.05% CPC were investigated against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus;Streptococcus sanguinis as oral bacteria related to dental caries; Enterococcus faecalis as apical periodontitis-related bacteria; and Actinomyces israelii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescence, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Filifactor alocis as periodontal disease-related bacteria. @*Results@#In the sterilization test, most of the bacteria had more than 99.99% sterilizing power for all samples but compared to other bacteria, the sterilizing power of these samples was not successful for L. acidophilus and E. faecalis bacteria. When comparing the sterilization power between the samples, sample 3 (0.05% CPC+20% ethanol) was the strongest. @*Conclusions@#In the antimicrobial activity test, sample 3 inhibited growth at the lowest concentration overall.

2019 Laos children’s dental caries experience survey / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#The aim of this study was to determine the dental caries experience of children in Laos. @*Methods@#Oral examinations were performed on a total of 1,540 students in 513 primary school students, 537 middle school students, and 490 high school students and the results analyzed. @*Results@#The dft index (decayed-filled primary teeth index) of 6-year-old primary school children was 6.04. The DMFT index (decayed-filled-missing permanent teeth index) was 1.59 in 12-yearold middle school children and 2.04 in 15-year-old middle school children. @*Conclusions@#Caries experience in most of the age groups was on the high side. It is considered that in Laos, a treatment project to stop the progression of caries is necessary in parallel with a prevention project to lower the caries fatality rate.

Antibacterial effect of mouthwash containing CPC against dental caries caused bacteria / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#The purpose of this study was to evaluate and report the antibacterial efficacy in relation to oral disease-causing bacteria using a mouthwash containing 0.05% CPC in an in vitro test. @*Methods@#The sterilization test and susceptibility assay of mouthwash containing 0.05% CPC were investigated against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Lactobacillus acidophilus;Streptococcus sanguinis as oral bacteria related to dental caries; Enterococcus faecalis as apical periodontitis-related bacteria; and Actinomyces israelii, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescence, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, and Filifactor alocis as periodontal disease-related bacteria. @*Results@#In the sterilization test, most of the bacteria had more than 99.99% sterilizing power for all samples but compared to other bacteria, the sterilizing power of these samples was not successful for L. acidophilus and E. faecalis bacteria. When comparing the sterilization power between the samples, sample 3 (0.05% CPC+20% ethanol) was the strongest. @*Conclusions@#In the antimicrobial activity test, sample 3 inhibited growth at the lowest concentration overall.

Caries activity test by realtime PCR method and bacterial cultural method / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#This study aimed to compare the results of conventional methodology and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for acid-producing bacteria and identify the appropriate method for caries activity testing. @*Methods@#Oral examination and caries activity tests, such as the CRT® Bacteria test and modified Snyder test, were conducted on 33 middle school students in Cheongju, South Korea. Pearson correlation analysis was subsequently performed with a significance level of 5%. @*Results@#The amount of Streptococcus mutans determined using the CRT® Bacteria test was highly correlated with the decayed teeth (DT) index (R=0.570, P<0.05); decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index (R=0.376, P<0.05); and dental health capacity of the first permanent molar (R=―0.395, P<0.05). The amount of Streptococcus mutans determined using real-time PCR was significantly associated with the DT index (R=0.528, P<0.05), DMFT index (R=0.369, P<0.05), and dental health capacity of the first permanent molar (R=―0.426, P=0.013). @*Conclusions@#There was a significant correlation between the amount and the type of bacteria between the CRT® Bacteria test and real-time PCR; therefore, these tests were found to be more appropriate to determine caries activity than the modified Snyder test. This study suggests that realtime PCR is a better technique for detecting caries activities than conventional techniques, such as the CRT® Bacteria test and modified Snyder test, because it is easy to use and provides accurate results.

Preliminary study for the development of a visiting oral health care intervention program for the elderly based on community healthcare / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#We evaluated the level of oral health status and oral health behavior in the elderly prior to their participation in a visiting oral health care intervention program as part of a community healthcare project in Cheonan city, South Korea. @*Methods@#The oral hygiene conditions, oral health behaviors, and oral senility of 64 elderly people subject to community care were measured during the period January 1 to February 15, 2020 using dental health surveys and questionnaire-based interviews conducted in line with World Health Organization standard criteria. @*Results@#The systematic disease retention rate of the elderly in this study was 90.6%, followed by hypertention (70.7%), and diabetes (51.7%). Scores were 1.69 out of 5 for subjective health evaluation, 1.8 out of 5 for subjective awareness of oral health, and the number of natural teeth was 14.9 per person (average mean for elderly people 18.38-19.34). During the day, 94.9% practiced brushing, after dinner 58.9%, and before bedtime 26.8%, which shows a diminished rate of practice. The percentage of participants dissatisfied with dental treatment was high at 67.2%, and the six measures of oral sensitivity, masticatory discomfort, pronunciation discomfort, and tongue pressure, presented less than average scores. @*Conclusions@#The level of oral health and oral health behavior of the elderly prior to the visiting oral health care community intervention program, was very poor. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that there is a need to develop a more systematic and thorough strategy to activate visiting community oral health care intervention programs.

Determination of the infection rate of dental caries-causing bacteria in adolescents by a real-time PCR test method / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#The aim of this study was to investigate the infection rates of bacteria associated with dental caries among children and adolescents in Korea. @*Methods@#Oral examinations were conducted in 146 students. The numbers of bacteria associated with dental caries, such as Streptococcus mitis , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sobrinus , and Lactobacillus casei , in the subjects’ oral cavity were counted by real-time PCR, and infection rates for those bacteria were additionally investigated. @*Results@#The infection rate of Streptococcus mitis , Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus sobrinus , and Lactobacillus casei was 99.3% (145/146), 63.0% (92/146), 1.4% (2/146), and 25.3% (37/146), respectively. The amounts of Streptococcus sobrinus and Lactobacillus casei did not differ with the participants’ age. However, the number of Streptococcus mutans was 537.6 for primary school students, 5698.2 for middle school students, and 19037.5 for high school students. The mean number of oral bacteria increased with age (P<0.05). The mean bacterial numbers of the infected subjects indicated significant differences in the numbers of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans (P<0.05). @*Conclusions@#The infection rates of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus mutans were distinct in children and adolescents. Efforts to control the bacteria associated with dental caries are needed to prevent dental caries.

Keyword Trends for Mother–Child Oral Health in Korea Based on Social Media Big Data from Naver / 대한의료정보학회지

Objectives@#The present study examined trends in search keywords related to the oral health of infants and pregnant women using “social media cafés” on the Korean portal site, Naver. @*Methods@#We obtained data from January 2015 to December 2017, collected by searching for common terms related to oral health, such as “dental caries”, “oral health”, “scaling”, “tooth brushing”, and “oral examination”. Search results for these terms were organized by frequency and visualized by increase in the font size with increasing frequency. @*Results@#The ranking of keywords on Naver cafés for pregnant women and women with infants was as follows (in descending order): “oral examination”, “tooth filling”, and “tooth brushing”. The “oral health” network was linked to “dental caries”, “oral health education”, and “tooth brushing”. In addition, the analysis of trends of keyword frequencies according to time periods showed that “dental caries” and “oral examination” were of highest interest to the café users. @*Conclusions@#We found a high interest in keywords related to preventive measures for the oral health of infants and children, but there was a lack of awareness regarding the oral health of pregnant women. These findings suggest that prevention in infants and pregnant women is necessary, and that public awareness regarding education about oral healthcare needs to be raised.

The effect of dentifrice including dental type silica, tocopherol acetate, sodium fluoride and sodium pyrophosphate on mineral density in enamel / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#In this study, we aimed to investigate the preventive and protective effects of new dentifrice containing dental type silica, tocopheryl acetate, fluorides, and sodium pyrophosphate on the mineral density of teeth and demineralization of tooth surfaces. @*Methods@#A total of 119 bovine teeth pre-treated with the new dentifrice at three different concentrations for the experiment were randomly allocated into two control (DW and PW) and one experimental (EC) groups. The enamel surface of all bovine teeth were demineralized using an artificial demineralization solution. The dentifrice was diluted with distilled water (DW) at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios. The samples were treated with the demineralization solution for 4 h after treatment with the supernatants of each diluted dentifrice for 30 min, and this procedure was repeated 3 times over a period of 24 h. The samples were examined using micro-CT to determine the amount of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) comparing the control and experimental dentifrices. The surface changes of the samples were also examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). @*Results@#The average BMD of the bovine enamel surface between the treated and non-treated area with the dimineralization solution was significantly different in the control, DW, PW 1:1, PW 1:2, and PW 1:3 groups. However, there was no significant difference observed in the experimental groups, including EC 1:1, EC 1:2, and EC 1:3. The average BMD of the dimineralized surfaces based on the results of the 7 groups was significantly higher in every EC group when compared to the DW and three PW groups. @*Conclusions@#The new dentifrice containing dental type silica, tocopheryl acetate, fluorides, and sodium pyrophosphate is effective in inhibiting the decrease in BMD and demineralization of enamel surface, which was observed when the new dentifrice and demineralization solution was repeatedly applied to the samples for 24 h.

Inhibitory effect of the probiotic bacteria, Weissella cibaria CMU on halitosis: a randomized placebo-controlled study / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#Previous studies have suggested that the lactic acid bacterium, Weissella cibaria CMU has beneficial effects on halitosis, but its precise effects have not been evaluated in human subjects. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of W. cibaria CMU for reducing halitosis in adults (20-70 years old) whose exhibited volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentrations exceeded 0.015 ng/mL and who scored ≥2 points in a halitosis sensory evaluation test. @*Methods@#A total of 60 participants were assigned to an experimental group (treated with W. cibaria CMU) and a control group (placebo). In total, 58 out of 60 participants (experimental group, 29; control group, 29) were ultimately included in gas chromatography (OralChroma) analyses of VSC concentrations and halitosis sensory evaluation tests. @*Results@#We found that the VSC concentration decreased by 0.030±0.062 ng/ml in the experimental group after 8 weeks (P=0.0138) and increased by 0.005±0.124 ng/ml in the control group (P=0.8198). However, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In a sensory evaluation test, a significantly lower score was obtained for the experimental group than for the control group. @*Conclusions@#Overall, VSC concentrations and sensory evaluation scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group, but only the latter was statistically significant. Thus, we conclude that W. cibaria CMU is involved in the reduction of halitosis.

The effect of dentifrice including dental type silica, tocopherol acetate, sodium fluoride and sodium pyrophosphate on mineral density in enamel / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#In this study, we aimed to investigate the preventive and protective effects of new dentifrice containing dental type silica, tocopheryl acetate, fluorides, and sodium pyrophosphate on the mineral density of teeth and demineralization of tooth surfaces. @*Methods@#A total of 119 bovine teeth pre-treated with the new dentifrice at three different concentrations for the experiment were randomly allocated into two control (DW and PW) and one experimental (EC) groups. The enamel surface of all bovine teeth were demineralized using an artificial demineralization solution. The dentifrice was diluted with distilled water (DW) at 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 ratios. The samples were treated with the demineralization solution for 4 h after treatment with the supernatants of each diluted dentifrice for 30 min, and this procedure was repeated 3 times over a period of 24 h. The samples were examined using micro-CT to determine the amount of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) comparing the control and experimental dentifrices. The surface changes of the samples were also examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM). @*Results@#The average BMD of the bovine enamel surface between the treated and non-treated area with the dimineralization solution was significantly different in the control, DW, PW 1:1, PW 1:2, and PW 1:3 groups. However, there was no significant difference observed in the experimental groups, including EC 1:1, EC 1:2, and EC 1:3. The average BMD of the dimineralized surfaces based on the results of the 7 groups was significantly higher in every EC group when compared to the DW and three PW groups. @*Conclusions@#The new dentifrice containing dental type silica, tocopheryl acetate, fluorides, and sodium pyrophosphate is effective in inhibiting the decrease in BMD and demineralization of enamel surface, which was observed when the new dentifrice and demineralization solution was repeatedly applied to the samples for 24 h.

Inhibitory effect of the probiotic bacteria, Weissella cibaria CMU on halitosis: a randomized placebo-controlled study / 대한구강보건학회지

Objectives@#Previous studies have suggested that the lactic acid bacterium, Weissella cibaria CMU has beneficial effects on halitosis, but its precise effects have not been evaluated in human subjects. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of W. cibaria CMU for reducing halitosis in adults (20-70 years old) whose exhibited volatile sulfur compound (VSC) concentrations exceeded 0.015 ng/mL and who scored ≥2 points in a halitosis sensory evaluation test. @*Methods@#A total of 60 participants were assigned to an experimental group (treated with W. cibaria CMU) and a control group (placebo). In total, 58 out of 60 participants (experimental group, 29; control group, 29) were ultimately included in gas chromatography (OralChroma) analyses of VSC concentrations and halitosis sensory evaluation tests. @*Results@#We found that the VSC concentration decreased by 0.030±0.062 ng/ml in the experimental group after 8 weeks (P=0.0138) and increased by 0.005±0.124 ng/ml in the control group (P=0.8198). However, the difference between groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). In a sensory evaluation test, a significantly lower score was obtained for the experimental group than for the control group. @*Conclusions@#Overall, VSC concentrations and sensory evaluation scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group, but only the latter was statistically significant. Thus, we conclude that W. cibaria CMU is involved in the reduction of halitosis.

Tooth whitening effects of manicure-type hydrogen peroxide tooth whitening gel / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: To examine the tooth whitening effects of a 3% hydrogen peroxide gel.METHODS: Twenty participants were given experimental tooth whitening gels containing 3% hydrogen peroxide, and another 20 participants, who served as the control group, were given tooth whitening gels that contained no hydrogen peroxide. Both groups used their respective whitening agents for 1 week, and tooth lightness was examined at baseline and 4 and 7 days after the experiment.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, in the experimental group, lightness values, determined using VITA classical A1-D4® and VITA SYSTEM 3D-MASTER®, were significantly increased after using the 3% hydrogen peroxide whitening agent (P < 0.01) both 5 and 7 days post-application (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The study findings confirmed that an improved tooth whitening effect could be expected with the use of a new type of whitening gel containing 3% hydrogen peroxide.