A study of variant origin of vertibral artery.

Background: Vertebral artery is the first branch of subclavian artery .It is an important source of blood supply to the brain. Accurate knowledge of normal and variant arterial anatomy of vertebral artery is important for clinical procedures and vascular radiology as its injury may occur at the time of cervical fracture or dislocation. The present study was done to study variant origins of vertebral artery. Aims & Objective: To study the variant origins of vertebral artery. Materials and Methods: The present study was done on thirty human cadavers to know the variant origin of vertebral arteries by Dissection method. Results: In the present study, variant origin of Left Vertebral Artery (LVA) was found in one male (3.33%) cadaver out of 30 cadavers. There was aortic origin of Left Vertebral Artery (LVA) instead of left subclavian artery. Conclusion: An understanding of anomalous origin of vertebral artery is very much important while performing diagnostic and interventional angiography & clinical improvements before vascular surgeries of supraaortic arteries.

Morphometric study of thyroid cartilage in Indian cadavers.

Introduction: The larynx is an air passage and a sphincteric device used in respiration and phonation. The larynx, from inside outwards has a framework of mucosa surrounded by fibro-elastic membrane which in turn is surrounded by cartilages and then a layer of muscles.As thyroid cartilage is the largest amongst all the laryngeal cartilage, its study is helpful in constructing biomechanical model, planning of larnygoplasty, positioning of thyroplasty window and analysis of CT and MRI scan. Aim: The aim of the present study is to estimate various dimensions of Thyroid cartilages in Indian subjects. Material & Methods: 50 larynx were obtained from embalmed cadavers, of which 10 larynx were of females. Thyroid cartilage was dissected from the larynx and morphometric analysis was done. Results & Conclusions: The average maximum height of the thyroid laminae was found to be 26.56 mm. ± 2.88 mm. on the right and 26.60 mm. ± 2.84 mm. on the left in males and 24.20 mm. ± 3.89 mm. on both right and left in females. The average width of the thyroid laminae was found to be 36.83 mm. ± 3.60 mm. on the right and 37.07 mm. ± 3.67 mm. on the left side in males and 31.85 mm. ± 3.69 mm. both on right and left in females. The average internal angle of thyroid cartilage was found to be 74.40° ± 8.21° in males and 92.35° ± 6.63° in females.

Uterine leiomyoma: clinical profile at civil hospital, Ahmedabad.

Introduction: Fibroid is the commonest tumor of the reproductive tract. This study was carried out to observe the frequency of fibroids in relation to age, parity, type and method of diagnosis along with clinical manifestations. Material & Method: The material comprised of 100 specimens of lesions of uterus received from patients admitted in Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad. Among these 37 patients presenting with fibroid uterus were included in the study. All details of the case consisting of age & parity, clinical history, relevant investigations, gross features and microscopic features were noted. Observations: Out of the 100 cases, clinical diagnosis of leiomyoma was made in 30 cases and on confirmatory diagnosis by histopathological analysis leiomyoma was observed in 37 cases. Most cases were found in late reproductive and perimenopausal years (89.19%). Majority was multiparous (81.08%) and 5.41% were nulliparous. Menorrhagia was commonest (40.54%), pain was second common symptom (27.02%). Leiomyomas were multiple in 59.46% and commonest variety was intramural (67.57%). Conclusion: Leiomyomas are found frequently in late reproductive and perimenopausal years. Multiparous patients are found to have fibroids more frequently than nulliparous. Most leiomyoma were intramural. Menorrhagia was the commonest clinical feature observed in leiomyoma cases.

Histological study of adenomatous goitre.

Background & objectives: Multinodular goitre is probably the most common endocrine problem in the world today. Neither a well formulated nor a simple procedure is available for the management of MNG, hence the need for the present study. The aim was to study the various modes of presentation, the distribution with respect to age and sex and the usefulness of histological evaluation. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 100 cases of thyroid lesions during the period of April 2009 to October 2010. Results: Adenomatous goiter was found to be the commonest lesion with a frequency of 52 cases (52%).Most of the patients were female accounting for 90.39%. Most of the cases (53.85%) were noted in 21-40 years age group. Commonest presentation was swelling in front of the neck noted in 98% of cases. Conclusion: Commonest histological observation in the present study was adenomatous goitre in 52%. Majority of the patients were females with a M:F ratio of 1:9.4, with the commonest age group being 31-40 yrs. Almost all patients presented with swelling in front of the neck, with other complaints being that of pain, discomfort, dysphagia, dyspnoea and features of hyperthyroidism.

Perception of first M.B.B.S students about teaching.

Medical education, day by day becomes more & more competitive. Students struggle hard to get admission in first M.B.B.S course. But there is a bit difference between 12th standard & medical course. Universities, Government & Medical council are thinking in terms of society & students interest. In this context, what the students think about medical education and particularly first year course is very interesting & important, in view of policy making.

The study of median and lateral articular facets of atlas vertebra for dens.

As atlanto- axial joints are the most complex joints of the axial skeleton, both anatomically and kinematically, comprehensive knowledge of spinal kinematics is of paramount importance for an understanding of all aspects of clinical analysis of radiographs , in understanding clinical effects of fusion and orthotic prescriptions. In the present study the workers have tried to study median and lateral articular facets of atlas vertebra for dens. The study was conducted with an aim to evaluate the changes occurring with cleft posterior arch of atlas along with lateral atlanto-axial joint. The study was conducted on 200 dried, unsexed adult human atlas and 200 axis vertebrae. In the present study the incidence of cleft posterior arch of atlas is 2%. There is no difference in surface area of the lateral articular facets of both sides in all atlas vertebrae. Smooth lateral articular facets are found on the medial side of the lateral masses of all atlas vertebrae in dried bones as well as in cadaveric dissections. In the present study it is also observed that in the cleft posterior arch of atlas, surface area of median articular facet of anterior arches significantly more than in normal atlas vertebra.

Study of interparietal bone.

It is not unusual to find small separate ossicles of bones between two lambdoid sutures and nuchal lines. Their size, shape, numbers and position are variable. These are interparietal bones. While routine examinations of bones, the authors have found an adult male skull having interparietal bone. The bone was examined thoroughly and conclusions drawn.

A study to correlate cephalic index of various caste/races of Gujarat State.

The study was carried out in various communities of Gujarat state which are still occupying particular locations of various districts in different regions. Total six communities were selected randomly. These were: Sindhi, Patel, Rabari, Kharwa (fisherman), Bhil and Siddi( negro ). Only male subjects who belonged to 21 - 50 years of age and who were not having any history of inter-caste, inter-religion marriage of their parents uptill at least 3 generations were included. The study subjects were divided into 3 age related groups: Group A: 21 to 30 years, Group B : 31 to 40 years and Group C : 41 to 50 years. 30 subjects, 10 per aforesaid age-groups (A, B and C) were studied from each community. This was followed by head measurements i.e. head length and width were obtained from each study subject ( total being 180) and by cephalic index of each study subject was determined by Hrdlicka’s method. The data were then analyzed by statistical software and to determine statistical significance chi-square and Kruskal Wallis tests were applied. The features observed were co-related with the data of cephalic indices of respective communities.