Evaluation of General Toxicity and Genotoxicity of the Silkworm Extract Powder

The silkworm extract powder contain 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ), a potent alpha-glycosidase inhibitor, has therapeutic potency against diabetes mellitus. Therefore, natural products containing DNJ from mulberry leaves and silkworm are consumed as health functional food. The present study was performed to evaluate the safety of the silkworm extract powder, a health food which containing the DNJ. The repeated toxicity studies and gentic toxicity studies of the silkworm extract powder were performed to obtain the data for new functional food approval in MFDS. The safety was evaluated by a single-dose oral toxicity study and a 90 day repeated-dose oral toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. The silkworm extract powder was also evaluated for its mutagenic potential in a battery of genetic toxicity test: in vitro bacterial reverse mutation assay, in vitro chromosomal aberration test, and in vivo mouse bone marrow micronucleus assay. The results of the genetic toxicology assays were negative in all of the assays. The approximate lethal dose in single oral dose toxicity study was considered to be higher than 5000 mg/kg in rats. In the 90 day study, the dose levels were wet at 0, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg/day, and 10 animals/sex/dose were treated with oral gavage. The parameters that were monitored were clinical signs, body weights, food and water consumptions, ophthalmic examination, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histopathological examination. No adverse effects were observed after the 90 day administration of the silkworm extract powder. The No-Observed-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) of silkworm extract powder in the 90 day study was 2000 mg/kg/day in both sexes, and no target organ was identified.

Risk Factors of Early Recurrenec after Curative Hepatic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 대한암학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to clarify the risk factors of early recurrence within 1 year by comparing them with patients without recurrence within 3 years after curative liver resection in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and twenty six patients with HCC who underwent curative liver resection between 1991 Jan, to 1995 June were observed for possible recurrence for least 3 years. These patients were divided into two groups: 79 patients who had recurrence within 1 years (early recurred group) and 132 patients who had no recurrence within 3 years (no recurred group). RESULTS: Overall survival rates in 5 years after 1iver resection were 17.5% in early recurred group and 94.9% in no recuned group. Risk factors of early recurrence in multivariate analysis were the presence of liver cirrhosis in nontumorous parenchyme (p=0.011, relative risk (RR)=2.5), tumor size (p=0.004, RR 2.9), multiple mass (p 0.015, RR=3.4), the presence of angioinvasion (p=0.043, RR=3.7), serum alpha-fetoprotein more than 20 ng/dl (p=0.007, RR=2.7), major liver resection more than lobectomy (p=0.039, RR=3.2). However, other factors such as age, sex, preoperative transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE), several liver function tests, Child classification, reseetion margin, total necrosis of tumor after preoperative TAE, tumor encapsulation, histologic type, Edmondsons grade, were not significant in our study. CONCLUSION: The risk factors of early recurrence were liver cirrhosis, tumor size, number of tumor, angioinvasion, serum alpha-fetoprotein, and major liver resection. Biologic characteristics of tumor were the most important risk factors of early recurrence. Because the extent of liver resection is the only risk factor that depends on surgeons decision, we must consider this factor in liver resection for HCC.

A Case of Submucosal Renal Pelvic Calcification and Ossification / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We report a case of renal pelvic calcification and ossification simulating a renal pelvic stone. histopathological examination of resected kidney revealed submucosal calcification in the pelvic and ossified foci in the perivascular area. This is the first report in the Korean literature and have been reported 1 case in the English literature till now. This is very rare entity unrelated to amyloidosis.

Two Cases of Priapism / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Priapism is a relatively rare condition of persistent painful erection unaccompanied by sexual desire. We report two cases of priapism, one etiology is related to leukemia and the other is idiopathic. The former was treated with continuous Hemo-Vac drainage, the latter with corporal cavernosum spongiosum shunt, and the results were good.

A Case of Renal Cell Carcinoma which was Metastasized to Ureter, Bladder and Genital Organ / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The metastasis of renal cell carcinoma to ureter, urinary bladder and uterus are not common, only a few cases were reported. A 63 years old female was admitted to department of urology, Korea university hospital with intractable hematuria, vaginal bleeding and severe frank pain on left is side with abdominal distension. Herein we are presenting a case of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with review and literature.

The Ectopic Ureteral Orifice / 대한비뇨기과학회지

We describe 6 case of ectopic ureteral orifice was on vaginal wall and the most frequent symptom of ectopic ureteral orifice was incontinence. Vagino-gram and indigo carmine test was very important in diagnosis of ectopic ureteral orifice and identification of ectopic ureteral orifice and then nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy with ureterectomy was rational in treating ectopic ureteral orifice combining loss renal function.

A Case of Pelvic Lipomatosis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Pelvic lipomatosis is a self-limiting disease of unknown etiology. It has been defined as a nonmalignant overgrowth of normal fatty tissue limited. Primarily to the perivesical and perirectal space in the pelvis which may be to go obstructive uropathy. Typically, urinary tract roentgenographys show a high, gourd-shaped bladder. Computed tomography provided definitive proof that pelvic organ displacement was due to excessive fat. We present a case of this pelvic lipomatosis.

Clinical Observation on Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on 239 cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy, admitted to the Department of Urology, Korea University College of Medicine during the period of 9 years and 8 months from Jan. 1972 to Aug. 1981. Following results were obtained. 1. Amount of residual urine from 10 ml to 1,500 ml with average 304 ml. 2. Hypertension in 35 cases (14.8%)and pulmonary diseases in 29 cases (12.1%)were frequently associated with B.P.H. 3. E.K.G. was performed in 171 cases. Abnormal findings included L.V.H. in 38 cases (22.2%), arrhythmia in 11 cases (6.4%), but normal in 118 cases (69%). 4. In blood chemistry, blood urea nitrogen was elevated in 75 cases (31.4%)and creatinine was elevated in 69 cases (28.9%). 5. The most common endoscopic findings were trabeculation in 214 cases (89.5%), inflammation in 192 cases (80.3%), kissing of lateral lobes in 138 cases (58.7%)and elevated interureteric ridge in 71 cases (29.7%). 6. Methods of operative treatment were T.U.R. in 184 cases, retropubic prostatectomy in 7 cases and suprapubic prostatectomy in 3 cases.