RESUMO
Objective@#The purpose of this study was to compare the physical work intensity of emergency medicine (EM) and non-EM residents during a 24-hour work duty cycle using a smartwatch. @*Methods@#This study was conducted for a month from 7 May to 4 June 2021. A total of 27 residents submitted their consent to be recruited as subjects for the study. We distributed a smartwatch to each of the participants and measured their physical work intensity. Twenty non-EM residents wore a smartwatch for a week. Also, seven EM residents wore a watch during the time they were on 24-hour duty for the whole research period. After finishing their 24-hour duty, participants took off the smartwatch and stopped recording their physical activities. Sixty-five samples were matched for comparison between the non-EM and EM residents. Each of the samples comprised a pair of 24-hour records of EM and non-EM residents. The data were matched to ensure the same date and grade and thus control the variables. @*Results@#The results of this study showed that the maximum heart rate of the EM residents was 129.7±3.8 beats/min, which was higher than that of the non-EM residents. A comparison of the sleep hours during the 24-hour duty showed that the average sleep time of the EM residents was 156.9±84.8 minutes, which was significantly lower than that of the non-EM residents. However, calorie consumption, moving distance, and step count during the 24-hour duty cycle showed no significant difference between the EM and non-EM residents. @*Conclusion@#The maximum heart rate was higher among EM residents during their 24-hour work duty compared to the non-EM residents. In addition, the sleep time of the EM residents was significantly lower than that of the non-EM residents.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: This study was designed to evaluate the applicability of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD), as measured by a brain CT, in intracranial hemorrhage patients. We assumed that ONSD can be used to make surgical decisions and be considered as a predictive factor for mild intracranial hemorrhage (survival and neurologic outcomes) compared with the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. METHODS: This retrospective study included 457 patients between January 2016 and September. They were divided into two groups: Those with GCS of between 13 and 15, and those with GCS of below 12. ONSD measurements were taken using a brain computed tomography in the axial view. Using SPSS Statistics ver. 20.0, ONSD was analyzed by a binary logistic regression analysis. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves were used to find the cut-off value that maximized the sum of sensitivity and specificity in both groups to evaluate the feasibility of using ONSD for surgical decision and as a predictive factor (survival and neurologic outcomes). RESULTS: The mean ONSD in mild hemorrhage patients was 5.43 mm. The odd ratio in the mild intracranial hemorrhage group for surgical decision was 5.030. The area under the ROC curve of mean ONSD in mild hemorrhage for surgical decision was 0.789. The cut-off value was 5.46 mm; sensitivity was 81.6% and Specificity was 75.0%. Positive and negative predictive values were 80.7% and 76.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The mean ONSD, when compared with the GCS score, is a valuable factor for making surgical decisions in cases of mild intracranial hemorrhage.