RESUMO
The present study was designed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of Persea duthieion blood glucose concentration and body weight in alloxan induced diabetic hyperglycemic rabbits. The results illustrated significant antihyperglycemic activity of crude extract with 17.44% and 28.02% amelioration at 25 and 50mg/kg p.o. respectively after 24th day of drug treatment; equally supported by body weight recovery. Upon fractionation, most dominant antihyperglycemic effect was displayed by aqueous fraction with 22.12% and 34.43% effect followed by ethyl acetate fraction with 24.32% and 32.05% effect at 25 and 50mg/kg p.o. respectively after 24th day of drug treatment. The effect on blood glucose was also reflected on body weight of animals. In conclusion, our study documented marked antihyperglycemic activity of extract/fractions of P. duthiei
RESUMO
Tuberculosis [TB] has a long history and being present even before the start of recording history. It has left detrimental effects on all aspect of the life and geared the developments in the science of health. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex [MTBC] including five species M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. canetti, and M. microti. M. tuberculosis and M. bovis infect both animals and humans. Therefore, differentiation of these two closely related species is very important for epidemiological and management purpose. We undertook the present study to characterize mycobacteria isolated from sputum of known TB patients by conventional methods and further, by multiplex PCR [mPCR] to detect the prevalence of Zoonotic TB [TB caused by M. bovis]. Sputum samples from TB patient were collected from two tertiary care hospitals in Peshawar i.e. Lady Reading Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex. All the samples were subjected to Ziehl Neelsen [ZN] stain, culture on Lowenstein Jensen [LJ] and Stone Brink medium, Nitrate reduction test and multiplex PCR. A total of hundred mycobacterial strains were isolated from these samples on the basis of ZN staining, cultural and biochemical methods. Later on, these isolates were subjected to multiplex PCR by using pncATB-1.2 and pncAMT-2 primers specific to M. tuberculosis and JB21, JB22 primers specific to M. bovis. By means of conventional method, these hundred cultures isolates were differentiated into M. tuberculosis [ninety six] and M. bovis [four]. Furthermore, by mPCR, it was determined that out of hundred isolates, ninety-eight were identified as M. tuberculosis and two isolates as M. bovis. This molecular method enables to differentiate M. bovis from M. tuberculosis in human sputum
RESUMO
Objective: to determine bacterial loads and contaminants in drinking water in and around Peshawar as to form water quality guidelines for judgement of the acceptability of public drinking water supplies
Material and Methods: a total of 224 water samples in an around Peshawar were assessed for bacteriological contamination
Results: ninety-two [81%] untreated and forty-two [19%] treated water samples were positive for coliforms. Faecal colifoms and faecal Streptococci were found in 52 and 12 numbers of samples respectively, indicating contamination of faecal origin, and inadequate treatment of water supplies. Escherichia coli was found in 43.28% of the samples, which is substantial indicator of faecal pollution
Conclusion: it is desirable to disinfect all supplies of drinking water before distribution and consumption in view of its great public health significance