An Observational Study Of Pattern Of Superficial Cubital Veins Among Students Of Rama University

Background: Cubital fossa is a superficial depression on the anterior aspect of elbow. Superficial veins of cubitalregion are the most commonly used veins clinically for the purpose of venipuncture done for blood sampling,blood transfusion , blood donation & intravenous injections . The different pattern of superficial cubital veinsis studied by many researchers over the time. The variations are reported in different ethnic groups and races bymany such studies.Objective: The aim of the current study was to observe and describe the different patterns of arrangement ofsuperficial veins among male students of Rama University and to find the most common pattern among studentsand to correlate the data with other such studies especially on Indian population.Results: One hundred and ninety eight male students of medical and paramedical streams of Rama University of2017 and 2018 batch were observed for pattern of superficial cubital veins.Ten types of venous pattern arrangedin six groups were noted. The most common pattern observed in our study was type A .Conclusion: The most common type of pattern observed in our study was type A resembling alphabet M ,which isdifferent from the results deduced by other such studies on indian population. The knowledge about the commonlyfound pattern will be helpful to the clinicians and also to the paramedical staff especially under emergencycircumstances where time is limited and crucial

To Correlate The Age And Gender Between Living Female Children And Adult Through Measurement Of Different Segment Of Sternum Bone In North Population Of India

Introduction: The ideal rule of identification of sex and age is a sever need in medico legal cases. Sternum ismuch more appropriate for detection of sex and age of human beings separately from racial characters.Method: This study has been conducted on the total 100 subjects, 50 female (0-15 yrs) and 50 female (16-60yrs)of healthy people (living children & adults) from general population of north India as well as in and around theLucknow of Uttar Pradesh. The technique described by Ashley GT -1956b was used for measurement of sternum.Discussion: on the basis of observation and result in my present study it was fully supported and agree of theprevious researchers, who has done the work in measurement of sternum bone in cadaver and skeletal of human,because they told that the sterna has distinguish in different zone of India.Result: Comparing the mean length, Student’s t test showed significantly different and higher (8.1%) length ofmanubrium in 16-60 yrs female living adults as compared to 2-15 yrs female living children (44.47 ± 5.79 vs.48.38 ± 5.71, t=3.39, p=0.001).Conclusion: Different segment of sternum bone significantly different and higher length of manubrium, becausethe growth of sternum segment was completely develop in adult, but the development in children female iscontinuous in ratio of adults female.

Cytological Grading Of Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a condition that was first described in the 1950s. It is caused as a result of addiction to harmful areca nut products with or without tobacco. The rationale of using exfoliative cytology in our study lies in the epithelial physiology where continuous exfoliation of epithelial cells is a part of physiological turnover. Deeper cells, which are strongly adhered in normal conditions, become loose in the case of malignancy and exfoliate along with superficial cells. Our aim in this study was to compare the cellular changes such as formation of micronuclei within the cell and cytomorphometric analysis of the buccal mucosal cells of OSMF patients with that of normal controls. We identified thirty three such cases of OSMF on the basis of oral inspection and examination. We used exfoliative cytology and liquid based cytogy to obtain buccal cells. The smear thus prepared was stained with feulgan fast green, acridine orange and papanicolou. Micronuclei were identified and cytomorphometric analysis was done using Adelta software. There was a change in the hue of Papanicolou from pink to purplish indicating the degree of keratinization from normal cells to cells affected by OSMF. Acridine orange gave a green emission at wavelength 480-490 to normal cells, while it gave a bright red fluorescence in cells undergoing apoptosis. Mean cellular diameter decreased from normalcells affected oral lesions. Mean nuclear cytoplasmic ratio increased from normal-cells to those affected by oral lesions. Frequency of micronuclei increased from normal to the cells affected by oral lesions. Buccal cell mutations in premalignant and malignant lesions can serve as a useful tool for the bio-monitoring of oral lesions. Exfoliative Cytology being minimally invasive and cost effective can help in mass screening programmes

Diagnosis In A Spit : A Short Review

Salivary diagnostics is a cost effective, minimally invasive procedure. This bio-fluid can be easily collected, transported and stored. There are a variety of conditions where saliva can be used as a diagnostic tool such as measurement of stress, enzyme levels, developmental disease biomarkers and cancer mutations. A number of studies have focused their attention on the assessment and monitoring of oncologic biomarkers in saliva. Modern techniques, chemicals and various equipment have made laboratory investigations of saliva easy and precise. Its clinical applications and analysis has made salivary diagnostics a useful tool in the field of Medicine and Dentistry. The methodology for diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases has been a subject of study by several researchers with the aim of increasing its use as a diagnostic tool.