Cytological Grading Of Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a condition that was first described in the 1950s. It is caused as a result of addiction to harmful areca nut products with or without tobacco. The rationale of using exfoliative cytology in our study lies in the epithelial physiology where continuous exfoliation of epithelial cells is a part of physiological turnover. Deeper cells, which are strongly adhered in normal conditions, become loose in the case of malignancy and exfoliate along with superficial cells. Our aim in this study was to compare the cellular changes such as formation of micronuclei within the cell and cytomorphometric analysis of the buccal mucosal cells of OSMF patients with that of normal controls. We identified thirty three such cases of OSMF on the basis of oral inspection and examination. We used exfoliative cytology and liquid based cytogy to obtain buccal cells. The smear thus prepared was stained with feulgan fast green, acridine orange and papanicolou. Micronuclei were identified and cytomorphometric analysis was done using Adelta software. There was a change in the hue of Papanicolou from pink to purplish indicating the degree of keratinization from normal cells to cells affected by OSMF. Acridine orange gave a green emission at wavelength 480-490 to normal cells, while it gave a bright red fluorescence in cells undergoing apoptosis. Mean cellular diameter decreased from normalcells affected oral lesions. Mean nuclear cytoplasmic ratio increased from normal-cells to those affected by oral lesions. Frequency of micronuclei increased from normal to the cells affected by oral lesions. Buccal cell mutations in premalignant and malignant lesions can serve as a useful tool for the bio-monitoring of oral lesions. Exfoliative Cytology being minimally invasive and cost effective can help in mass screening programmes

The Study Of Nutrient Foramen Of Bones Of Arm And Forearm In Adults

The variation in presence of number of nutrient foramen is important in long bones as nutrient foramen gives passage for entrance of nutrient arteries in to the bone. The present study was conducted on total 114 dry human long bones in department of anatomy, Era's lucknow medical college, lucknow. . The aim of the study was to determine the number of nutrient foramen in long bones of upper limb. Ethical approval was procured from the institutional ethical committee. In our study 97.40% humerus bones show single nutrient foramen, and 2.60% humerus bones show double NF, and all the radius and ulna show the single NF. The results of our study is similar with previous studies. The importance of knowledge about NF is very use full in orthopedic surgeries and in micro vascular bone grafting.

Diagnosis In A Spit : A Short Review

Salivary diagnostics is a cost effective, minimally invasive procedure. This bio-fluid can be easily collected, transported and stored. There are a variety of conditions where saliva can be used as a diagnostic tool such as measurement of stress, enzyme levels, developmental disease biomarkers and cancer mutations. A number of studies have focused their attention on the assessment and monitoring of oncologic biomarkers in saliva. Modern techniques, chemicals and various equipment have made laboratory investigations of saliva easy and precise. Its clinical applications and analysis has made salivary diagnostics a useful tool in the field of Medicine and Dentistry. The methodology for diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases has been a subject of study by several researchers with the aim of increasing its use as a diagnostic tool.

Takayasu Arteritis : A Rare Pulseless Disease

Takayasu arteritis was formerly known as a “pulseless” disease and is a chronic idiopathic vasculitis affecting the large vessels in the body most commonly the aorta. Takayasu arteritis is a rare condition and its acute phase presentation is similar to other conditions making diagnosis difficult.There is a possible relationship that exists between Takayasu arteritis and tuberculosis as both diseases have similar chronic inflammatory lesions and occasionally granulomas on the arterial walls. We present a rare case of a 15 yr old female patient with Takayasu arteritis with tuberculosis .