Exploration of the Causes of Musculoskeletal Injuries of Different Age Groups in Local Society.

Aims: To study the types of all possible injuries in different age groups and its prevalence in the Saudi society, especially in the city of Jeddah and its causes. Study Design: A prospective study with a special questionnaire to collect data. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Radiology (X-ray Unit), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, for 6 months. Methodology: A questionnaire developed by the authors was used to collect data. The questionnaire had two parts. The first part was used to collect demographic data, and the second part was used to determine the type of injuries (trauma, motor vehicle accident, sudden and chronic). The subjects of the survey were chosen randomly from the radiology department at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH). Then, SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used for statistical analyses. Data are presented using descriptive statistics and were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results: The participants (subjects) were male (56.5%) and female (43.5%) that had a mean age of 28.98±1.09 years, a mean height of 148.02±1.55 cm, and a mean mass of 58.71±1.63 kg. The older adults were the majority (32.2%) in this study followed by pediatric (30.6%) where the immune is lower than the other age groups’ categories and is more affected by musculoskeletal injuries. The common injuries of the different musculoskeletal system were explored and obtained. That the highest percentage is related to trauma (58.9%) in all age groups, where the dominant percentage in trauma was in the pediatric age group (27.6%). Through our study, it was found that there is a high significant relationship (p < 0.05) with a degree of freedom is (df=12) between age groups and type of injuries for all genders. Conclusion: More education needs to be provided for our community in preventing and limiting personal injury especially in younger age groups.

Common Musculoskeletal Injuries in Athletes and Its Relation with Body Mass Index (BMI) in Jeddah Society.

Aims: To study the types of sports injuries in different age groups and its prevalence in the Saudi society, especially in the city of Jeddah, thus comparing them with the BMI of the different age groups. Study Design: A prospective study with a special questionnaire to collect data. Place and Duration of Study: Subjects: Department of Radiology (X-ray unit), King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, for 3 months. Methodology: A questionnaire developed by the authors was used to collect data. The questionnaire had two parts. The first part was used to collect demographic data, and the second part was used to determine the incidences and regions (knee, upper and other lower limb regions) of sports injuries. The subjects of the survey were athletes competing in football, basketball, handball, volleyball and daily athletics. Then, SPSS 15.0 for Windows was used for statistical analyses. Data are presented using descriptive statistics and were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Results: The majority of injured subjects were youth. The upper limb region had the highest incidence of injury (38%) as well as the knee (36%), while the lower limb region had the lowest (26%) injury. The injuries in a knee were the highest (50%) in the adult subjects compared with the other age categories. The highest percentage of the upper limb and other regions of lower limb injuries were concentrated in the pediatric (47%) and youth (67.5%) age groups. There is a highly significant relationship (p<0.05) between the BMI and athletic injuries for the studied age groups. The most common type of injuries that have presented a highly statistical significance were the upper limb (p=3.44×10-6) as well as the other type of injuries for the degree of freedom (df=6). Conclusion: It is confirmed that there is a lack of awareness in nutrition habits in this culture and society, which leads to obesity and overweightness, thus causing injuries when practicing sports.

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia: an Asir region (Saudi Arabia) experience.

Ten patients (nine males, one female), seen at the Asir Central Hospital of South-Western Saudi Arabia with proven traumatic diaphragmatic hernia between 1987 and 1997, were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age was 29.6 years, range 5 to 50 years. Chest pain and vomiting were the commonest symptoms. Blunt trauma (road traffic accident--5, fall from height--1, (accounted for 60% of the cases) while gunshot wound and stab wounds were the causes in two patients each. The chest radiograph suggested the diagnosis in all the cases. Barium meal (in two patients) and barium enema (in two patients) complemented the diagnosis. Computed tomography (CT) scan was done in only one patient. Thoracotomy (in 2 patients), laparotomy (in 5 patients) and thoraco-laparotomy (in 3 patients) were the surgical approaches to management. Common herniated organs were liver, stomach, spleen and large bowel. The injuries were on the left side in seven patients and on the right side in three cases. Immediate surgical repair was done in four patients while it was done two days to four years later in others. Complications were minimal and there was only one death.

Bochdalek hernia in adulthood: a case report and review of recent literature.

A 37-year-old Filipino woman presented with a post road-traffic accident fracture of dorsal spine 12. Chest radiograph revealed evidence of loops of small bowel in the left lung field. She admitted to symptoms of respiratory insufficiency since birth and treatment for tuberculosis in childhood. A pre-operative diagnosis of left traumatic diaphragmatic hernia was not confirmed at laparotomy which revealed typical left congenital Bochdalek hernia with smooth edges and herniation of small bowel and spleen into the left pleural cavity. Following reduction and repair of the hernia, the patient made an uneventful recovery. Chest radiograph remains normal till now, eight years post-operatively.

Unusual presentations of injury to the bronchus with literature review.

Two patients with unusual presentation of injury to the bronchi are discussed. The first had a gun shot wound of the anterior left chest with the bullet ricocheting across to the right hemithorax and puncturing the right mainstem bronchus resulting in right massive pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. The second suffered a blunt thoracic trauma from a road traffic accident and presented with bilateral rib fractures and bilateral pneumothoraces treated with bilateral closed thoracostomy tube drainage. Bronchofiberscopy revealed complete transection of the left mainstem bronchus.