[Evaluation of naltrexone augmentation to the antipsychotic drugs on positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia]

In recent years, review of opioid system and its changes in the psychopathology of schizophrenia through thear probable role our on neuronal synopses and cell body of dopaminergic neurons and also decrease dopamine secretion from acumbans nuclei and effects of opium agonists in treatment of those patients has been adventajes for clinicians. In a prospective double blind evaluation, 60 chronic schizophrenic inpatients on a stable regimen of neuroleptic medication with positive and negative symptom scale [PANSS] score of higher than 80 and were randomly assigned to either antipsychotic plus naltrexone or antipsychotic plus placebo. Thirty patients [30] received 100 mg/day of naltrexone plus antipsychotic drug while 30 received placebo plus antipsychotic drug for 6 weeks. PANSS scores were evaluated on the base of the study, biweekly throughout the study and two weeks after the trial. The treatment effect was calculated by repeated measurement ANOVA. Difference between four types of symptoms [positive symptom, negative symptom, general psychopathological symptom, total score of PANSS] in the case and control groups was not significant [P < 0.05]. In supplement two [S2] scores, a statistically non significant difference was seen in two groups [P < 0.07]. Additional treatment with 100 mg/day naltrexone in a 6 week trial had no significant therapeutic effect on typical or atypical antipsychotic drugs with regards to schizophrenia psychopathology

[ survey of death anxiety among personnel of hospital in Sari]

Death anxiety is defined as anxiety caused by conscious and unconscious fear of death that has relations with several variables. The aim for this study is to estimate the prevalence of death anxiety among a hospital staff in Sari. This is a descriptive study and data was collected through a questionnaire. The number of cases was 576. The questionnaire [Templer's Death Anxiety Scale] includes 15 True-False questions. After data collection processing was done through spss.16 and analyzing performed through T-test and Chi-square test. The age range was 20-53. 42.2% of cases had low death anxiety and 57.8% had high death anxiety. The mean of scores achieved by cases through questionnaire was 7.70 +/- 3.133 by women and 6.19 +/- 2.552 by men. The degree of death anxiety has had significant correlation with variable of sex while has had no relation with age, marriage condition, having or lack of child, level of graduation and career condition. The results of this study shows that the most cases have had high degrees of death anxiety that can be because of the special condition of working or the combination of cases's sex and age. With caution to results, it is recommended to Mental Health interventions to the same population to improve the mental health Quality additionally perform more comprehensive studies in more generally populations

Effect of opium and heroin misuse on chronic motor tic disorder

Tics are sudden, recurrent and stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations. Dopamine blockers are the main pharmacological agents used in the management of tics. Opioid antagonists have been reported to be effective in the management of tics. In this article, two patients with chronic motor tic disorder are reported, whose symptoms were disappeared by using opioid substances