RESUMO
In recent years several studies recommended the estimation of total as well as bio-available and free testosterone levels to assess the variations provided by the measurements and thus developing the foundation for interpreting hormone status in all groups of men. Therefore present study documents the current testosterone status i.e. total, free and bio-available, including sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG] in variable age groups of men [n = 78] between 14 years to 65 years. They were grouped as male aged 14-24 yrs [young] [n = 24], 25-35 yrs [adult] [n = 20], 36-50 yrs [middle aged] [n.= 29] and 51-65 yrs [older] [n - 15]. Scrum total testosterone and SHBG were measured by Electro Chemiluminescence's [ECL] technology whereas bio-available and free testosterones were calculated from pre-described calculation methods. Total testosterone levels are comparable to each other in adult and middle age groups, however significantly differ [P < 0.001] among older and younger group. Moreover, highest level of significant difference in free testosterone values were obtained for younger men in comparison with middle age group [P< 0.001] and moderate level of significance was noted when same was compared with adult and middle aged groups [P < 0.05]. The assessment of data was gave similar outcome for bio-available testosterone as well; accept when older group was compared with middle aged men, which was found to be non-significant, in conclusion, the levels of total, free, bio-available testosterone and SHBG were compared with their normal ranges and noted to be match-able with their respective age groups accordingly
RESUMO
Background: It has been postulated that hyperlactatemia is not the only cause of acidosis in cardiac dysfunction and there are other factors such as un-measured anions also that significantly participate in its development
Aim: The present study is designed to determine different components of metabolic acidosis in cardiac dysfunctions and cardiac arrest patients in order to assess the degree to which lactate is responsible for the acidosis
Methods and Materials: Forty two patients with out-of-hospital cardiac dysfunctions and cardiac arrest, admitted to the hospital were included in present study. All arterial blood gases and plasma biochemical parameters were estimated by standard methods on automated analyzers. Modified [by Figge and colleagues] form of Stewart's quantitative biophysical methods including formula for apparent strong ion difference AEurooeSIDaAEuro and strong ionic gap AEurooeSIGAEuro were used to evaluate un-measured and measured ions
Results: The mean age of patients were 57.2 years and included 33 [78.6%] males and 9 [21.4%] females. Except for sodium, ionized calcium and SIDa, all variables were significantly different between the two groups. Patients with cardiac dysfunctions and arrest were also hyperkalemic, hypochloremic and hyperlactatemic. The anion gap and SIG were also higher in patients with cardiac arrest. Lactate was the strongest determinant of academia
Conclusion: It was concluded that lactate accounts for only less than 50% of the metabolic acidosis and consequent acidemia seen in such patients and that an increase in unmeasured anions and phosphate also accounts for major portion of acidemia