RESUMO
ABSTRACT Corn husks are the major wastes of corn industries with meagre economic significance. The present study was planned for value addition of corn husk through extraction of xylan, followed by its enzymatic hydrolysis into xylooligosaccharides, a pentose based prebiotic. Compositional analysis of corn husks revealed neutral detergent fibre 68.87%, acid detergent fibre 31.48%, hemicelluloses 37.39%, cellulose 29.07% and crude protein 2.68%. Irrespective of the extraction conditions, sodium hydroxide was found to be more effective in maximizing the yield of xylan from corn husks than potassium hydroxide (84% vs. 66%). Application of xylanase over the xylan of corn husks resulted into production of xylooligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization namely, xylobiose and xylotriose in addition to xylose monomer. On the basis of response surface model analysis, the maximum yield of xylobiose (1.9 mg/ml) was achieved with the enzymatic hydrolysis conditions of pH 5.8, temperature 44°C, enzyme dose 5.7U/ml and hydrolysis time of 17.5h. Therefore, the corn husks could be used as raw material for xylan extraction vis a vis its translation into prebiotic xylooligosaccharides.
RESUMO
Immune Complexes are involved in the Pathogenesis of many diseases of varied aetiology such as autoimmune disorders, protozoal diseases, bacterial and viral infections. Quantitation of immune Complexes in these diseases can be used for diagnosis and to ascertain the prognosis. The simple method of precipitation by polyethylene glycol and quantitation by single Radial Immunodiffusion has been used in leprosy, syphilis, bacterial endocarditis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This method found significantly higher levels of circulating immune complexes (CICs) in erythema nodosum leprosum, culture positive bacterial endocarditis and SLE where CICs are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis.