Prognostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen levels before and after curative surgery in colon cancer patients

Purpose@#CEA is a useful tumor marker for colon cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of changes in CEA levels before and after surgery in colon cancer patients who underwent radical surgery. @*Methods@#A total of 601 colon cancer patients who underwent radical surgery from January 2007 to December 2017 at a single institution were evaluated. Patients were categorized according to preoperative and postoperative CEA levels.We adjusted patient characteristics using propensity score matched analysis between groups and compared survival outcomes according to changes in CEA levels before and after surgery. @*Results@#According to the preoperative and postoperative CEA levels, patients were classified into 3 groups: group 1, ≤5 and ≤5 ng/mL, respectively (n = 407); group 2, >5 and ≤5 ng/mL, respectively (n = 127); and group 3 (>5 and >5 ng/mL, respectively (n = 67). Postoperative CEA elevation was associated with adverse clinical features. Before and after matching, the patients in group 3 showed significantly lower disease-free survival and overall survival rates compared to the patients in group 1 and group 2. In multivariate analysis, changes in CEA levels were an independent prognostic factor of overall survival (P = 0.041). @*Conclusion@#The changes in CEA levels before and after surgery can be a useful prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival in colon cancer patients.

Prognostic Value of Tumor Angiogenesis in Advanced Gastric Carcinomas

BACKGROUND: Tumor angiogenesis is considered to be essential for tumor growth and progression. Recently, new technology for counting microvessels using antifactor-VIII-related antigen antibody, which recognizes endothelial cells, has been developed. In order to evaluate whether tumor angiogenesis can be used as an independent prognostic factor in advanced gastric carcinomas. We counted tumor microvessels, and we investigated the relationship between microvessel count and progression of a gastric carcinoma, by using a multivariate analyses. METHODS: Seventy (70) patients with advanced gastric carcinomas who had undergone a gastrectomy at Gyeongsang National University Hospital from January 1990 to December 1994 were evaluated by staining with a monoclonal antibody against F-VIII RAg. Microvessel counts were determined by immunohistochemical staining of a monoclonal antibody against F-VIII RAg, which was localized to the vascular endothelium. The correlation between the microvessel count (the mean number of microvessels in the three areas of highest vascular density at 200 times magnification) and the prognosis was studied. RESULTS: The microvessel counts ranged from 2 to 99.8, and the mean was 26. The microvessel counts were significantly higher in patients with recurrence than in those without recurrence. In patients who had undergone a curative operation, the survival time in the hypervascular group was significantly shorter than that in the hypovascular group. Multivariate analysis indicated that the microvessel count was an independent prognostic factor in patients with a gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Microvessel count may be a good prognostic indicator and may be useful as a predictor for recurrence in patients with a gastric carcinoma.

Tumor Angiogenesis and the Relationship to the Prognosis in Breast Cancer

BACKGROUND: The status of axillary lymph nodes has been the most important prognostic factor in operable breast carcinomas, but it does not fully account for the varied disease outcome. More accurate prognostic indicators would help in the selection of patients at high risk for disease recurrence and death and in the selection of candidates for systemic adjuvant therapy. Many studies have suggested that tumor growth is angiogenesis-dependent and that implies an increase in the delivery of nutrients to the tumor cells. This neovascularization also increases the opportunity for tumor cells to enter the circulation, which indicates the importance of tumor angiogenesis to the metastastic potential of tumors. The aim of this study was designed to further define the relationship of microvessel density (MVD) to overall and relapse- free survival and to other reported prognostic indicators in breast carcinomas. METHODS: To investigate the status of angiogenesis in breast carcinomas, we highlighted the microvessels within primary invasive breast carcinomas by using a immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody against the factor-VIII-related antigen. Using light microscopy, we counted the microvessels per 200x field in the most active areas of neovascularization, and we graded the microvessel density. RESULTS: In this study 86 patients with a breast carcinoma were classified into two groups. There were 47 patients with low MVD ( or =42/200xPF). The MVD was in the range between 8 and 173. A significant correlations between microvessel density and the overall survival rates (p=0.0003) and relapse-free survival rates (p=0.0003) were found in all patients. Also, there was a significant association of tumor size and lymph node metastasis states with the overall survival rates and the relapse-free survival rates in all patients. A significant correlation was found between MVD and tumor size (p=0.010). The relapse-free 5-years survival rate of low-MVD patients was 85.5+/-5.52%, and that of high-MVD patients was 44.36+/-9.73% (p=0.0003). The overall 5-yearssurvival rate of low-MVD patients was 84.12+/-6.01%, and that of high-MVD patients was 37.75+/-10.07% (p=0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion the present study found a significant correlation between MVD and both tumor size, lymph-node metastasis. The present study shows that the MVD in the area of the most intense neovascularization in an invasive breast carcinoma is an independent and significant prognostic indicator for the overall survival rate and the relapse-free survival rate in patients. Thus, determination of the MVD in an invasive breast carcinoma would be valuable.