A Case of a Choledochal Cyst Combined with a Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 대한소화기내시경학회지

A choledochal cyst is relatively rare lesion in the biliary system, and a carcinoma arising from such a cyst is rarely reported. Until now, a case of a hepatocellular carcinoma combined with a choledochal cyst had not been reported. A 45-year-old woman was recently admitted due to abdominal pain. An abdominal computed tomography revealed a 5 cm-sized low attenuative mass involving the right anterior and left medial segment of the liver and gallbladder fossa. An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatogram showed fusiform dilatation of the common bile duct, but anomalous union of pancreaticobiliary duct was not observed. Fine-needle aspiration of the liver was conducted and yielded a hepatocellular carcinoma. On celiac arteriography, a hypervascular hepatic mass was also found. Transarterial chemoembolization was performed. It is believed this may be the first case of a choledochal cyst combined with a hepatocellular carcinoma in the literature. Hence, this case is herein reported with a review of related literatures.

A Case of Mucinous Ductal Ectasia of the Pancreas Associated with Malignant Ascites and Liver Metastasis / 대한소화기내시경학회지

A 71-year-old man was admitted due to abdominal distension and periumbilical pain. He was diagnosed as having mucinous ductal ectasia (MDE) of the pancreas three months prior, but refused an operation. Three months later, an abdominal computed tomography revealed more dilated pancreatic duct, newly developed liver metastasis and ascites in comparison with previous findings. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the cystic lesion in the pancreatic head was conducted and yielded adenocarcinoma. Also, an ascitic fluid cytology determined adenocarcinoma. This patient was diagnosed to be inoperable and received palliative chemotherapy and pain control. The patient expired 5 months after the initial diagnosis.

The Effect of Oxygen Therapy on VPB in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 결핵

BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD), it is well known that hypoxemia increases the frequency of VPB, which is associated with the poor prognosis such as sudden death. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of short and long-term low flow oxygen therapy on the development of VPBs in patients with COPD by correcting the hypoxemia. METHOD: In 19 patients with COPD, oxygen saturation and VPB are monitored by pulse oxymeter and 24-hour Holter EKG, with room air and the 1st and the 8th day during oxygen therapy by nasal prong (2L/min). RESULTS: The arterial oxygen saturation was significantly higher on the 1st day of oxygen therapy compared with breathing room air, and also higher on the 8th day of oxygen therapy than on the 1st day. We found that there was significant correlation between the minimal value of the arterial oxygen saturation and the mean value of the arterial oxygen saturation. The number of VPBs per hour was significantly higher on the 1st day of oxygen therapy compared with breathing room air, and also higher on the 8th day of oxygen therapy than on the 1st day. There was no significant correlation between the decrease of the frequency of VPBs and the increase of the minimal arterial oxygen saturation. But, because of the low p value as 0.056, The correlation is highly suggested. CONCLUSION: With oxygen therapy, the arterial oxygen saturation was increased and the number of VPBs was decreased, and with long-term oxygen therapy more than 7days, the number of VPBs was more decreased in patients with COPD.

Effects of maxillary protraction on the displacement of the maxilla / 대한치과교정학회지

In the orthopedic therapy, the biomechanical analysis of the appliance is necessary to get a desirable orthopedic effect. The purpose of this study was to investigate the desirable direction and application position of the protraction force. The protraction force of 500g was applied to the first premolar or to the first molar. The direction of force application was paralell or 20degrees downward to the occlusal plane respectively. The stress distribution and the displacement within the maxilla was analyzed by a 3-dimensional finite element method. The findings obtained were as follows : 1. Protraction forces caused a counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla. 2. The degree of maxillary rotation was less when the force was applied 20degrees downward direction to the occlusal plane than when applied to the parallel direction. 3. The degree of rotation of maxilla was greater when the parallel force was applied to the 1st premolar than when applied to the first molar, whereas it was greater when force is applied 20degrees downward than at the first premolar. In conclusion, the 20degrees downward protraction from the first premolar induced the least counterclockwise rotation of the maxilla and was thought as the desirable direction and application position of the protraction force.

Frictional forces between orthodontic wire and bracket under artificial saliva / 대한치과교정학회지

It has been suggested that the frictional force between bracket and arch wire may impede the tooth movement. The present study was aimed to compare and analyze the effect of wire size, type of ligation, and duration of ligation on the magnitude of frictional force between cobalt chromium wire and stainless steel bracket under the artificial saliva. The results were as follows: 1. Type of ligation and size of wire were the main influencing factor on the level of friction. 2. Stainless steel ligature generated higher frictional forces thanelastomeric module. 3. The rectangular wire consistently exhibited more frictional force values than round wires, while there was no significant difference between frictional forces of round wires. 4. In elastic ligature, frictional force decreased with time. 5. Artificial saliva had no significant influence on the frictional force between cobalt chromium wire and bracket.