Spinal anesthesia for urgent Cesarean section in a patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease - A case report -

Background@# Effective treatment of Graves’ disease during pregnancy is important because uncontrolled hyperthyroidism is associated with increased fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. While there have been case reports of patients with Graves’ disease who failed to achieve euthyroid state during pregnancy, anesthesiologists rarely encounter patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism undergoing urgent Cesarean section.Case: A 31-year-old pregnant patient had uncontrolled hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease despite medical treatment. Her signs and symptoms suggested fetal distress and aggravation of the disease, leading to hospitalization. After a failed induction for vaginal delivery, an urgent Cesarean section was performed under spinal anesthesia via an interlaminar approach using 9 mg of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine and 20 μg of fentanyl. It resulted in successful delivery, with no perioperative complications for the mother and neonate. @*Conclusions@# This case demonstrates that spinal anesthesia may provide clinical stability to patients with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism undergoing urgent Cesarean section.

Iatrogenic Tension Pneumothorax after Surgical Tracheostomy in a Child with Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis: case report / 고신대학교의과대학학술지

Tracheostomy is increasingly performed in children for upper airway anomalies. Here, an 18-month-old child (height 84.1 cm, weight 12.5 kg) presented to the emergency department with dyspnea, stridor, and chest retraction. However, exploration of the airways using a bronchoscope failed due to subglottic stenosis. Therefore, a surgical tracheostomy was successfully performed with manual mask ventilation. However, pneumomediastinum was found in the postoperative chest radiograph. Although an oxygen saturation of 99% was initially maintained, oxygen saturation levels dropped, due to sudden dyspnea, after 3 hours. A chest radiograph taken at this time revealed a left tension pneumothorax and small right pneumothorax. Despite a needle thoracostomy, the pneumothorax was aggravated, and cardiac arrest occurred. Cardiopulmonary-cerebral resuscitation was performed, but the patient was declared dead 30 minutes later. This study highlights the fatal complications that can occur in children during tracheostomy. Therefore, close monitoring, immediate suspicion, recognition, and aggressive management may avoid fatal outcomes.

Successful intubation using video laryngoscope in a child with CHARGE syndrome: A case report

CHARGE syndrome is a rare genetic disorder with CHD7 gene mutation. CHARGE is an acronym for coloboma (C), heart disease (H), atresia of choanae (A), retardation of growth (R), genitourinary malformation (G), and ear abnormalities (E). Patients with CHARGE syndrome need to undergo many surgeries due to their various congenital anomalies. Since airway abnormalities frequently accompany CHARGE syndrome, general anesthesia remains a challenge. Here we report a case of difficult intubation in a 35-month-old boy with CHARGE syndrome during general anesthesia and the experience of successful intubation using D-blade of C-MAC® video laryngoscope.

A Clonorchiasis Case of a Leopard Cat, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, Diagnosed by Ultrasonography and Egg Detection in Republic of Korea

A clonorchiasis case in a captive leopard cat, Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus, was confirmed by ultrasonographic findings and egg morphologies found in the bile juice sample in the Korea. The leopard cat was introduced from the wild habitat of Gyeongsangnam-do, to Cheongju Zoo in Cheongju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea in August 2014. Physical examinations were basically performed for quarantine and check-up health. The cat was comparatively good in health except anorexia. The cyst-like bile duct dilation and the increased echogenicity of gall bladder wall and hepatic parenchyma were observed by ultrasonography. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy was conducted for collecting bile juice and the specimens were observed under light microscope. The numerous small trematode eggs were detected in the bile juice sample of the light microscopy. The eggs were 25–33 (28±3) μm by 18–22 (20±1) μm in size and showed typical characteristics of Clonorchis sinensis egg, i.e., a dominantly developed operculum, shoulder rim and dust-like wrinkles in surface. To treat the liver fluke infection, 20 mg/kg of praziquantel was orally administered only once to the case. Follow-up studies including fecal examinations were conducted during 2 years after treatment. But no more eggs were detected from the case. In the present study, we described the first clonorchiasis case of leopard cat, which was confirmed by ultrasonographic findings and egg morphologies from the bile juice sample in Korea.

Label-free Detection for a DNA Methylation Assay Using Raman Spectroscopy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>DNA methylation has been suggested as a biomarker for early cancer detection and treatment. Varieties of technologies for detecting DNA methylation have been developed, but they are not sufficiently sensitive for use in diagnostic devices. The aim of this study was to determine the suitability of Raman spectroscopy for label-free detection of methylated DNA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The methylated promoter regions of cancer-related genes cadherin 1 (CDH1) and retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) served as target DNA sequences. Based on bisulfite conversion, oligonucleotides of methylated or nonmethylated probes and targets were synthesized for the DNA methylation assay. Principal component analysis with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-DA) was used to discriminate the hybridization between probes and targets (methylated probe and methylated target or nonmethylated probe and nonmethylated target) of CDH1 and RARB from nonhybridization between the probe and targets (methylated probe and nonmethylated target or nonmethylated probe and methylated target).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This study revealed that the CDH1 and RARB oligo sets and their hybridization data could be classified using PCA-DA. The classification results for CDH1 methylated probe + CDH1 methylated target versus CDH1 methylated probe + CDH1 unmethylated target showed sensitivity, specificity, and error rates of 92%, 100%, and 8%, respectively. The classification results for the RARB methylated probe + RARB methylated target versus RARB methylated probe + RARB unmethylated target showed sensitivity, specificity, and error rates of 92%, 93%, and 11%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Label-free detection of DNA methylation could be achieved using Raman spectroscopy with discriminant analysis.</p>