Secondary Malignancies Developing After Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia And Its TreatmentWith Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome In Siblings.

Background & Objectives: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood malignancy, with an annual rate of 3 to 4 cases per 1,00,000 children. ALL patients are treated with chemotherapeutic agents and cranial irradiation. Long-term sequelae of treatment are impaired intellectual and psychomotor functioning, neuroendocrine abnormalitites, impaired reproductive capacity, cardiotoxicity and second malignant neoplasms are being reported with increased frequency in the survivors. Among second neoplasms observed after treatment of ALL, central nervous system (CNS) tumors in patients treated with cranial irradiation are the most common. Others are Lymphoma, Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Thyroid Cancer. Methodology & Results: We are reporting four cases ,who developed ALL at the age of 8,6,4 and 25 years respectively(among that case 1 & case 2 are siblings) and were treated with chemotherapy and cranial irradiation. They developed Astrocytoma Grade-4 , Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma(ASPS) , Anaplastic Large Cell Medulloblastoma & Ewing’s Sarcoma at, 12 , 15, 8, 12 & 26 years of age respectively. Conclusion: Oncologists should make sure about the radiation doses before starting treatment and they should keep CMMR-D as a possibility in pediatric patients with siblings having h/o malignancy.

Study of grading of urothelial carcinoma in transurethral resection of urinary bladder tumor specimens.

This study is conducted to evaluate prognostic significance of recently introduced WHO (World Health Organization) 1999 grading system for urothelial carcinoma on transurethral resection of urinary bladder tumor (TURBT) specimens reported during the period from 1996 to 2000. Progression free survival estimates were obtained by Kaplan-Meier method on SPSS software with log rank test application. Among 70 cases, progression occurred in 38 patients from which grade I were 3, grade II were 11 and grade III were 24. The mean period from diagnosis to progression was 76.8, 19.2 and 3.5 months for grade I, II, III respectively. The progression free survival rates at one year were 100% for grade I, 42% for grade II and 5% for grade III. (Log rank test: p < 0.001). WHO 1999 grading system can classify urothelial carcinomas into prognostically different groups, which is statistically significant.

Primary chondrosarcoma of lung: case report and review of literature.

A case of primary chondrosarcoma of the left lung in 50 year-old man is presented. The tumor was diagnosed as primary chondrosarcoma of the lung after exclusion of any primary lesion elsewhere. Histologically, tumor consisted of predominantly chondromatous lesion. Immunohistochemistry showed that tumor cells positive for S-100 protein and vimentin, and negative for epithelial markers. On the basis of clinical, histological and immunohistochemical studies, the tumor was diagnosed as a primary chondrosarcoma of the lung.

Cytological grading of breast neoplasia and its correlation with histological grading.

Cytological grading of breast cancer is not well established despite histological grading having gained a strong foothold. In our study we have analyzed 50 cases of breast carcinoma which included invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, stromal sarcoma, apocrine carcinoma, papillary carcinoma. Papanicolaou smears were graded according to established Hunt's, Simplified Black and Modified Black grading systems. They were then compared with the Scarff Bloom Richardson grading system. Simplified Black grading system has been recommended for cytological grading of breast neoplasia because of its lucidity and its reproducibility. Cytological grading of breast neoplasia is important for neo adjuvant chemotherapy and also for predicting the prognosis of the patient on FNAC alone. Incorporation of other parameters like apoptosis and bcl-2 is also recommended.