Acupuncture for generalized anxiety disorder: a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

During the COVID-19 outbreak, there was a sharp increase in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Acupuncture therapy has the advantages of accurate clinical efficacy, safety and reliability, few adverse reactions, and no dependence, and is gradually becoming one of the emerging therapies for treating GAD. We present a study protocol for a randomized clinical trial with the aim of exploring the mechanism of brain plasticity in patients with GAD and evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of acupuncture treatment. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) will be used to assess cortical excitability in GAD patients and healthy people. Sixty-six GAD patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomly divided into two groups: TA group, (treatment with acupuncture and basic western medicine treatment) and SA group (sham acupuncture and basic western medicine treatment). Twenty healthy people will be recruited as the control group (HC). The parameters that will be evaluated are amplitude of motor evoked potentials (MEPs), cortical resting period (CSP), resting motor threshold (RMT), and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) score. Secondary results will include blood analysis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), serotonin (5-HT), and brain-derived nerve growth factor (BDNF). Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and after the intervention (week 8). This study protocol is the first clinical trial designed to detect differences in cerebral cortical excitability between healthy subjects and patients with GAD, and the comparison of clinical efficacy and reliability before and after acupuncture intervention is also one of the main contents of the protocol. We hope to find a suitable non-pharmacological alternative treatment for patients with GAD.

Pseudogene CSPG4P12 inhibits colorectal cancer progression by attenuating epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers. Pseudogenes have been identified as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes in the development of various cancers. However, the function of pseudogene CSPG4P12 in colorectal cancer remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of CSPG4P12 in colorectal cancer and explore the possible underlying mechanism. The difference of CSPG4P12 expression between colorectal cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed using the online Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) database. Cell viability and colony formation assays were conducted to evaluate cell viability. Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to assess cell migration and invasion capacities. Western blot was used to measure the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins. Colorectal cancer tissues had lower CSPG4P12 expression than adjacent normal tissues. The overexpression of CSPG4P12 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration in colorectal cancer cells. Overexpressed CSPG4P12 promoted the expression of E-cadherin, whereas it inhibited the expression of vimentin, N-cadherin, and MMP9. These findings suggested that CSPG4P12 inhibits colorectal cancer development and may serve as a new potential target for colorectal cancer.

Changes related to muscle autophagy after exhaustive exercise and blunt trauma / Cambios relacionados con la autofagia muscular tras ejercicio exhaustivo y traumatismo contuso / Alterações relacionadas à autofagia muscular após exercício exaustivo e trauma contuso

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the temporal changes of autophagy related factors in skeletal muscle of rats after exhaustive exercise and blunt trauma. Methods: Forty-two male SD rats were divided into 7 groups with 6 rats in each group: Quiet control group (C), immediately after exhaustive exercise (E0), 24 hours after exhaustive exercise (E24), 48 hours after exhaustive exercise (E48), immediately after blunt trauma (D0), 24 hours after blunt trauma (D24), 48 hours after blunt trauma (D48). All groups of rats were killed and samped respectively at different time points specified above, and the right gastrocnemius muscle was taken, which was divided into two parts, one for mRNAs of, Lamp-2, BNIP3 and NIX by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, and the other for p62 protein by Western blotting. Results: (1) Compared with group C, mRNA levels of p62, Lamp-2 and NIX in group E48 were significantly increased after exhaustive exercise(P<0.05), suggesting that autophagy increased in 48h after exhaustive exercise. (2) Compared with group C, p62mRNA and Lamp-2 mRNA levels were significantly increased immediately after blunt trauma(P<0.05) and decreased significantly in 48h after blunt trauma(P<0.05), suggesting that autophagy activity was enhanced immediately after blunt trauma and decreased in 48h after injury. Conclusions: Generally, there were differences at each recovery phase between blunt trauma and exhausted exercise models, and the basal autophagy factors and mitochondrial autophagy factors were also inconsistent. Basal autophagy factors p62 and Lamp-2 increased significantly 48 hours after eccentric exhaustive exercise and immediately after blunt trauma. Mitochondrial autophagy factor BNIP3 did not increase after exhaustive exercise and blunt trauma, but NIX only increased after exhaustive exercise. Its molecular mechanism needs to be further studied. Level of Evidence III; Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of Treatment.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estudiar los cambios temporales de los factores relacionados con la autofagia en el músculo esquelético de ratas tras el ejercicio exhaustivo y el traumatismo contuso. Métodos: Se dividieron 42 ratas SD macho en 7 grupos con 6 ratas en cada grupo: grupo de control silencioso (C), inmediatamente después del ejercicio exhaustivo (E0), 24 horas después del ejercicio exhaustivo (E24), 48 horas después del ejercicio exhaustivo (E48), inmediatamente después de un traumatismo contuso (D0), 24 horas después de un traumatismo contuso (D24), 48 horas después de un traumatismo contuso (D48). Todos los grupos de ratas fueron sacrificados y rotulados, respectivamente, en diferentes momentos especificados anteriormente, y se extrajo el músculo gastrocnemio derecho, dividido en dos partes, una para los ARNm Lamp-2, BNIP3 y NIX mediante PCR cuantitativa fluorescente en tiempo real, y la otra para la proteína p62 mediante Western blotting. Resultados: (1) En comparación con el grupo C, los niveles de ARNm de p62, Lamp-2 y NIX en el grupo E48 aumentaron significativamente tras el ejercicio exhaustivo (P<0,05), lo que sugiere que la autofagia aumentó en las 48 horas posteriores al ejercicio exhaustivo. (2) En comparación con el grupo C, los niveles de ARNm de p62 ARNm y Lamp-2 aumentaron significativamente inmediatamente después del traumatismo contuso (P<0,05) y disminuyeron significativamente a las 48 horas después del traumatismo contuso (P<0,05), lo que sugiere que la actividad de autofagia aumentó inmediatamente después del traumatismo contuso y disminuyó a las 48 horas después de la lesión. Conclusión: En general, hubo diferencias en cada fase de recuperación entre los modelos de traumatismo contuso y ejercicio exhaustivo, y los factores de autofagia basal y los factores de autofagia mitocondrial también fueron inconsistentes. Los factores de autofagia basal p62 y Lamp-2 aumentaron significativamente 48 horas después del ejercicio excéntrico exhaustivo e inmediatamente después del traumatismo contuso. El factor de autofagia mitocondrial BNIP3 no aumentó tras el ejercicio exhaustivo y el traumatismo contuso, pero NIX sólo aumentó tras el ejercicio exhaustivo. Su mecanismo molecular debe investigarse con más detalle. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudios Terapéuticos que Investigan los Resultados del Tratamiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estudar as alterações temporais dos fatores relacionados à autofagia no músculo esquelético de ratos após exercício exaustivo e trauma contuso. Métodos: Quarenta e dois ratos machos SD foram divididos em 7 grupos com 6 ratos em cada grupo: Grupo de controle silencioso (C), imediatamente após o exercício exaustivo (E0), 24 horas após o exercício exaustivo (E24), 48 horas após o exercício exaustivo (E48), imediatamente após o trauma contuso (D0), 24 horas após o trauma contuso (D24), 48 horas após o trauma contuso (D48). Todos os grupos de ratos foram mortos e rotulados, respectivamente, em diferentes momentos especificados acima, e o músculo gastrocnêmio direito foi retirado, dividido em duas partes, uma para mRNAs de Lamp-2, BNIP3 e NIX por PCR quantitativo fluorescente em tempo real, e a outra para a proteína p62 por imunotransferência. Resultados: (1) Em comparação com o grupo C, os níveis de mRNA de p62, Lamp-2 e NIX no grupo E48 aumentaram significativamente após o exercício exaustivo (P<0,05), sugerindo que a autofagia aumentou em 48 horas após o exercício exaustivo. (2) Em comparação com o grupo C, os níveis de mRNA de p62mRNA e Lamp-2 foram significativamente aumentados imediatamente após o trauma contuso (P<0,05) e diminuíram significativamente em 48 horas após o trauma contuso (P<0,05), sugerindo que a atividade de autofagia foi aumentada imediatamente após o trauma contuso e diminuiu em 48 horas após a lesão. Conclusão: Houve, via de regra, diferenças em cada fase de recuperação entre os modelos de trauma contuso e de exercício exaustivo, sendo que os fatores de autofagia basal e os fatores de autofagia mitocondrial também foram inconsistentes. Os fatores de autofagia basal p62 e Lamp-2 aumentaram significativamente 48 horas após o exercício excêntrico exaustivo e imediatamente após o trauma contuso. O fator de autofagia mitocondrial BNIP3 não aumentou após o exercício exaustivo e o trauma contuso, mas o NIX aumentou somente após o exercício exaustivo. Seu mecanismo molecular precisa ser investigado com mais detalhes. Nível de Evidência III; Estudos Terapêuticos que Investigam os Resultados do Tratamento.

Avaliação da estabilidade e atividade antioxidante de formulações com o extrato de Mangifera indica L / Evaluation of the stability and antioxidant activity of formulations with Mangifera indica L. extract

A elevada produção global de Mangifera indica gera uma considerável quantidade de resíduos, como cascas e sementes que são frequentemente descartados. O aproveitamento desses subprodutos promove uma abordagem mais sustentável, reduzindo impactos ambientais e abrindo novas perspectivas na área fitocosmética. A casca apresenta metabólitos secundários conhecidos principalmente por suas propriedades antioxidantes, destacando-se os compostos fenólicos. Esses antioxidantes são capazes de retardar a velocidade de oxidação promovida por radicais livres formados por fatores externos ou fisiopatológicos. Assim, antioxidantes naturais extraídos a partir de espécie vegetal estão sendo cada vez mais estudados para aplicação na indústria cosmética e farmacêutica. O potencial fitocosmético do extrato glicólico da casca de M. indica L. var. Tommy Atkins em três bases galênicas (gel de Carbopol®, gel-creme e gel de Estagel®) foi avaliado por meio dos ensaios de atividade antioxidante, pelo método do radical DPPH, e estudos de estabilidade. As formulações com o extrato apresentaram-se estáveis e compatíveis para o uso tópico, pois não foram verificados sinais de instabilidade como alteração das características organolépticas e do pH. Em relação à atividade antioxidante, formulações com o extrato apresentaram potencial antioxidante, porém a formulação com Carbopol® e gel-creme apresentaram melhor desempenho em relação ao Estagel®. Após 30 dias de estabilidade preliminar em diferentes condições de temperatura (40,0 ± 2<0°C, 20,0 ± 5,0°C, 5,0 ± 2,0°C) houve redução de atividade antioxidante somente no gel de Carbopol® armazenado sob elevada temperatura, indicando a melhor forma de armazenamento. Diante disso, os resultados sugerem a promissora incorporação de M. indica L. var. Tommy Atkins em bases cosméticas.

The high global production of Mangifera indica generates a considerable amount of waste, such as peels and seeds that are often discarded. The use of these by-products promotes a more sustainable approach, reducing environmental impacts and opening new perspectives in the phytocosmetics area. The peel presents secondary metabolites known mainly for their antioxidant properties, highlighting phenolic compounds. These antioxidants are capable of slowing down the rate of oxidation promoted by free radicals formed by external or pathophysiological factors. Thus, natural antioxidants extracted from plant species are increasingly being studied for application in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The phytocosmetic potential of the glycolic extract from the peel of M. indica L. var. Tommy Atkins in three galenic bases (Carbopol® gel, cream gel and Estagel® gel) was evaluated through antioxidant activity tests, the DPPH radical scavenging method, and stability studies. The formulations with the extract were stable and compatible for topical use, as there were no signs of instability such as changes in organoleptic characteristics and pH. Regarding antioxidant activity, formulations with the extract showed antioxidant potential, however the formulation with Carbopol® and gel-cream showed better performance compared to Estagel®. After 30 days of preliminary stability in different temperature conditions (40.0 ± 2<0°C, 20.0 ± 5.0°C, 5.0 ± 2.0°C) there was a reduction in antioxidant activity only in the gel of Carbopol® stored at high temperature, indicating the best form of storage. Therefore, the results suggest the promising incorporation of M. indica L. var. Tommy Atkins in cosmetic foundations.

Drug survival and change of disease activity using a second janus kinase inhibitor in patients with difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis who failed to a janus kinase inhibitor and subsequent biologics

Abstract Background To assess the drug survival and change of disease activity using a second Janus kinase inhibitor (JAKi) after failure to a JAKi and subsequent biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in patients with difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods This retrospective cohort study included 32 patients with difficult-to-treat RA who failed to a JAKi and subsequently to one or more bDMARDs and then switched to a second JAKi. To assess drug survival, electronic medical records of each patient were reviewed. Data on whether the second JAKi was discontinued, and the reasons for discontinuation were collected. The change of disease activity was assessed by analyzing changes in tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), patient's global assessment of disease activity on a visual-analogue scale (VAS), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Disease Activity Score for 28 joints with ESR (DAS28-ESR), and DAS28-CRP from baseline to that at six months from initiation of the second JAKi. Results Overall, discontinuation of the second JAKi occurred in 20 (62.5%) patients. Primary failure, secondary failure, adverse events, and insurance coverage issues were the reasons for discontinuation in 9 (45.0%), 5 (25.0%), 2 (10.0%), and 4 (20.0%) patients, respectively. The estimated 2-year drug survival rate was 39.3%. In terms of change of disease activity, the second JAKi significantly improved TJC (p < 0.001), SJC (p < 0.001), VAS (p < 0.001), CRP (p = 0.026), DAS28-ESR (p < 0.001), and DAS28-CRP (p < 0.001) at 6-month compared with that at the baseline. Conclusions Second JAKi could be a therapeutic option in patients with difficult-to-treat RA who have failed to a JAKi and subsequent bDMARDs.

Comprehensive quality evaluation of Guge fengtong tablets / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for the content determination of 11 components such as protodioscin in Guge fengtong tablets， and to evaluate the comprehensive quality of Guge fengtong tablets by combining with chemometric analysis and entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution （EW-TOPSIS） method. METHODS HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column with a mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile- 0.2% phosphoric acid solution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min by gradient elution. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃ . The detection wavelengths were set at 203 nm （0-28 min， protodioscin， methyl protodioscin， pseudoprotodioscin， dioscin） and 280 nm （28-60 min， catechin， epicatechin， liquiritigenin， medicarpin， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol， 10-gingerol）； the sample size was 10 μL. Using epicatechin as the internal reference， quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker （QAMS） method was used to determine the contents of protodioscin， methyl protodioscin， pseudoprotodioscin， dioscin， catechin， liquiritigenin， medicarpin， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol， which were compared with the results of the external standard method. SPSS 26.0 software and SIMCA 14.1 software were used for principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis， with variable importance in projection （VIP） value greater than 1 as the standard， to screen for differential markers that affect the quality； the EW-TOPSIS method was adopted to evaluate the quality of 15 batches of samples comprehensively.RESULTS The contents of protodioscin， methyl protodioscin， pseudoprotodioscin， dioscin， catechin， liquiritigenin， medi-carpin， 6-gingerol， 8-gingerol and 10-gingerol determined by HPLC combined with QAMS were 6.330-10.863， 1.150-2.274， 0.431- 0.740， 2.818-4.823， 0.826-1.510， 0.043-0.094， 0.079-0.231， 0.479-1.020， 0.146-0.288， 0.118-0.318 mg/g， respectively； there were no statistical significances， compared with the external standard method （P＞0.05）. A total of 15 batches of samples were clustered into 3 groups， with S1-S6， S7-S10， and S11-S15 clustered into one group， respectively. The VIP values of protodioscin， epicatechin， dioscin and 6-gingerol were greater than 1. Euclidean closeness values of the optimal solution （C）i for 15 batches of samples were 0.163 5 to 0.703 7， and Ci values of S11-S15 were all higher than 0.6. CONCLUSIONS The established QAMS method is accurate and simple， and can be used for comprehensive quality evaluation of Guge fengtong tablets， by combining with chemometric analysis and EW-TOPSIS method. Protodioscin， epicatechin， dioscin and 6-gingerol are the differential markers that affect the quality of Guge fengtong tablets. Samples S11-S15 have better quality.

Based on the interaction between supramolecules of traditional Chinese medicine and enterobacteria to explore the material basis of combination of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma - Coptidis Rhizoma / 药学学报

Based on the interaction between supramolecule of traditional Chinese medicine and enterobacteria, the material basis of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma was explored. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to characterize the morphological differences of Rhubarb single decoction, Coptis single decoction and Rhubarb and Coptis co-decoction. An in vitro antibacterial model (E. coli, E. faecium and B. subtilis) was established to evaluate the damage effect of the combination of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma on enterobacteria. Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the changes of chemical components of single decoctions and co-decoctions. The co-decoction of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma was turbid after decocting. The spherical particles of 300-400 nm were observed under SEM, and the co-decoction was more uniform and stable than that of single decoction. The interaction between supramolecules formed after the combination of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma and enterobacteria was significantly different from that of single decoction. In the process of interaction between supramolecules and enterobacteria, the spherical state was maintained, and the medicinal ingredients in Coptidis Rhizoma or Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were blocked, which could effectively alleviate the damage to enterobacteria. This study provided a reference for subsequent studies on the regulation of intestinal flora homeostasis by the combination of Rhei Radix et Rhizoma and Coptidis Rhizoma.

Design, synthesis, and antifungal mechanism of carbaline fluorescent probes / 药学学报

Three carboline fluorescent probes F1-F3 were designed and synthesized, based on lead compound JYJ-19, an antifungal compound discovered previously by our group. The antifungal activity in vitro results showed that compound F1 had moderate antifungal activity (MIC80 = 32 μg·mL-1). The stokes shift of F1 is 70 nm. The fluorescent probe F1 has good optical properties and can be used for fluorescence imaging research. Subcellular localization experiments results showed that F1 was enriched in the mitochondria of fungal cells. The detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels shows that JYJ-19 enhances intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. The above results indicated that carboline compounds could exert antifungal effects by acting on fungal mitochondria.

Modified silicone oil removal combined with scleral buckling for retinal detachment after silicone oil tamponade / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of modified silicone oil removal combined with scleral buckling in the treatment of patients with retinal detachment under silicone oil tamponade.METHODS:The retrospective study included a total of 14 patients(14 eyes)who underwent treatment for retinal detachment with silicone oil tamponade at our hospital between January 2021 and February 2023. The modified silicon oil extraction combined with scleral buckling procedure was employed. A self-made 23-gauge suction device was applied in the silicon oil extraction, which involved removing the needle from a disposable blood transfusion set, trimming it to 2.5-3.0 mm near the beveled end, and connecting the other end to a 10 mL syringe without the plunger. The opposite end of the syringe was connected to the negative pressure system of the vitreous cutter to accomplish the silicon oil removal. Scleral compression blocks in scleral buckling surgery using a homemade composite device. No additional silicon oil was injected after the procedure. Follow-up was conducted for 6 mo, assessing retinal reattachment, best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure, and complications.RESULTS: At the 6 mo follow-up, the retina was completely reset in 13 eyes, with a retinal reset rate of 93%, and an improvement in BCVA(LogMAR)compared with the preoperative period(0.95±0.18 vs 1.15±0.21, P=0.002). Transient high IOP occurred in 6 eyes at 1 d postoperatively and returned to normal after medication control. There were no intraoperative complications such as retinal hemorrhage, retinal incarceration, or iatrogenic retinal breaks, and no postoperative complications such as endophthalmitis or choroidal detachment.CONCLUSIONS:Modified silicone oil removal combined with scleral buckling can effectively treat retinal detachment in the silicone oil tamponade and induce retinal reattachment.

Management of hepatitis C in children and pregnant women / 临床肝胆病杂志

Hepatitis C virus infection is a global public health issue， and the emergence of direct-acting antiviral agents has brought revolutionary breakthroughs in the treatment of hepatitis C patients. Although direct-acting antiviral agents have a marked therapeutic effect in adult patients， there are still many challenges in the treatment of special populations such as pregnant women， infants， young children， and adolescents. This article reviews the current status of antiviral therapy for these special populations with hepatitis C and the problems that need to be solved， in order to provide reference and guidance for clinical workers.

Correlation of "Medicinal Tissue-property， Taste， and Efficacy-clinical Application" of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Plant Skin / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the functions and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines and explore the related laws of the medicinal tissue， property， taste， efficacy， and clinical application， so as to strengthen the theory of identifying symptoms for qualities and provide references for the development and utilization of TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines. MethodBy reviewing the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and some local pharmacopeias， TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines were screened out， and the characteristics， functions， and precautions of TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines were summarized. Statistical analysis was carried out with Excel. ResultA total of 62 TCM from plant skin were found， mainly distributed in one kingdom， three phyla， and 31 families. In terms of the family genus， Rutaceae>Leguminosae>Cucurbitaceae. In terms of the medicinal tissue， bark>root bark>fruit bark>seed bark. In terms of property and taste， warm>cold>plain>cool>hot， and bitter>sweet=pungent>acidic. In terms of meridians， lung>liver>spleen>heart>colorectal>kidney>stomach=bladder. In terms of TCM classification， most of them belong to the category of heat-clearing medicines. There were 485 types of Chinese patent medicines from plant skin， with the most Chinese patent medicines containing Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium. Among the forms of administration， pills were the most predominant. In terms of the tastes of the medicines， bitter and sweet flavors predominated. In terms of functions， medicines for strengthening the body resistance were the most. For the precautions， contraindications during pregnancy were the most common. ConclusionThere is a correlation among medicinal tissue， property， taste， efficacy， and clinical application of TCM from plant skin. It is also necessary to pay attention to the contraindications of the medicines and rationally choose TCM from plant skin and their Chinese patent medicines under the guidance of TCM theory based on syndrome differentiation and treatment.

Evaluation of Relationship of Pueraria lobata Quality from Different Producing Areas Based on "Climate Factor-component Content-antioxidant Capacity" / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThe correlation of Pueraria lobata producing areas， climate factors， total flavonoids of P. lobata， polysaccharide content of P. lobata， and antioxidant activity of P.lobata for medicinal application was analyzed， and the relationship between climate factors and the formation of P. lobata quality was evaluated. MethodThe scavenging rates of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)hydrazyl（DPPH） and 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)（ABTS） radicals by total flavonoids and polysaccharides of P. lobata were detected， and the correlation between the contents of each component and the information of producing areas and climate factors was analyzed. ResultThe ABTS+ scavenging rate by total flavonoids of P.lobata was negatively correlated with altitude （P<0.05） and positively correlated with annual sunshine hours （P<0.05）. The altitude was positively correlated with the total flavonoid content， while the annual sunshine hours were negatively correlated with the total flavonoid content. There was a negative correlation between total flavonoid content and ABTS+ scavenging rate by total flavonoids. In other words， lower altitude and longer annual sunshine hours indicated lower total flavonoid content and higher ABTS+ scavenging rate by total flavonoids. The ABTS+ scavenging rate by polysaccharides of P. lobata was negatively correlated with the frost-free period （P<0.05） and the mean temperature in July （P<0.01）. There was a positive correlation between the polysaccharide content of P. lobata and the frost-free period. The mean temperature in July was positively correlated with the polysaccharide content of P. lobata （P<0.05）. The polysaccharide content of P. lobata was negatively correlated with the ABTS+ scavenging rate by polysaccharides of P. lobata. In other words， a shorter frost-free period in the producing area and lower mean temperature in July indicated lower polysaccharide content of P. lobata and higher ABTS+ scavenging rate by polysaccharides of P. lobata. The mean temperature in July was significantly correlated with the contents of total flavonoids and polysaccharides in P. lobata samples （P<0.05）. The lower mean temperature in July was often accompanied by lower total flavonoid content of P. lobata， lower polysaccharide content of Pueraria lobata， and stronger antioxidant activity of P. lobata samples. ConclusionThe ability of P. lobata to remove ABTS+ is stronger than that of DPPH+. There is a significant correlation between climate factors， content， and antioxidant capacity in each producing area. Further research on the internal law of the formation of medicinal active components of P. lobata induced by core climate factors will provide a scientific basis for revealing the formation mechanism of genuine P. lobata and the subsequent control of P. lobata quality according to the environment of producing areas.

Correlation Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Fungi Based on "Habit-Growth Environment-part-medicinal Properties" / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThe relevant laws among the biological characteristics， medicinal parts， growth environment， and medicinal properties and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM） from fungi were excavated， so as to strengthen the theory of distinguishing symptoms for quality and provide a reference for the development and utilization of TCM from fungi. MethodThe medicinal parts， meridians for properties and tastes， heterotrophic mode， and efficacy of commonly used TCM from fungi were summarized. By consulting the Compendium of Materia Medica， Shennong Materia Medica， Flora of China， and literature， the TCM from fungi indexed in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and some local pharmacopeias were checked. ResultA total of 28 common TCM from fungi were selected. Different TCMs from fungi have different meridians for properties and tastes， medicinal parts， habits， and growth environments. The relevant information was counted. Among the four properties， plain>cold>warm. Among the five tastes， sweet>bitter>light>pungent=salty. In terms of medicinal parts， fruiting body>sclerotia>complex>spermia=outer skin=other. In terms of meridians， lung>liver=heart>spleen=kidney>stomach. In terms of habits， parasitism>saprophysis>symbiosis=facultative parasitism=facultative saprophysis. ConclusionTCM from fungi are mainly parasitic and saprophytic， and the plain property and sweet taste the most. The meridians are mostly lung， heart， and liver. Nourishment and diuresis are the main efficacy. There is a certain correlation between the color， habit， medicinal parts， and growth environment of TCM from fungi and their properties， tastes， and efficacy， providing comprehensive literature reference and theoretical basis for their in-depth research， clinical use， and resource development.

Correlation of "Parts-components-properties" of Traditional Chinese Medicines from Latex-containing Plants / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation among the botanical characteristics， biological characteristics， chemical composition， and medicinal properties and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines （TCM） from latex-containing plants， so as to strengthen the theory of "identifying symptoms for qualities" and provide a reference for the development and utilization of the latex-containing plant resources. MethodStatistics on the meridians for properties and tastes， efficacy， medicinal parts， family and genus， and chemical components of TCM from latex-containing plants were carried out. A total of 53 TCM from latex-containing plants included in the 2020 edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia were screened by mining the Chinese Botanical Journal， Chinese Materia Medica， Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicines， and related literature. In addition， their meridians for properties and tastes， medicinal parts， chemical components， and TCM classifications were summarized and statistically analyzed by using Excel 2013 and ChiPlot 2023.3.31 software. ResultIt was found that latex-containing plants were mainly distributed in one kingdom， one phylum， two classes， and 20 families， and most of the TCM from latex-containing plants belonged to Dicotyledonaceae under Angiosperms. In terms of properties and tastes， plain>cold>warm>cool>hot and bitter>pungent>sweet>sour>salty. In terms of meridians， liver>lung>kidney>spleen=large intestine=stomach>heart>bladder=gallbladder=small intestines. In terms of medicinal parts， roots （root， rhizomes， tuberous root， and root bark）>resin>seed>whole herb （whole herb and above-ground part）>stem （stem and branch）>fruit>leaf>flower=skin. In terms of research on chemical components， they were mostly glycosides. In terms of TCM classification， they were mostly medicines for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis. ConclusionThe TCM from latex-containing plants is mainly plain， with a uniform warm and cold distribution. The tastes are mainly bitter and pungent， and the major meridians are the liver and lung. The roots and resins are mainly used as medicines. The components mostly contain glycosides， alkaloids， and volatile oils， and most of them are medicines for activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis， as well as for removing heat and toxins. There is a certain degree of correlation among the growth habits， medicinal parts， chemical components， and the properties， tastes， and efficacy of the TCM from latex-containing plants. It may provide a reference for resource development and utilization of TCM from latex-containing plants.

Transcriptomic analysis of the molecular mechanism of Tiaopi Chengqi decoction improving gastric digestive function in mice with food accumulation / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM:To explore the molecular mechanism of Tiaopi Chengqi decoction (TpCqD) improving hyperthermia and high-protein food-induced hyperphagia mice based on transcriptomics. METHODS:C57 mice were randomly divided into a control group, model group, low-dose TpCqD group, high-dose TpCqD group, and domperidone group. The general condition of the experimental mice was observed and the average food intake was counted, and the rate of gastric emptying and intestinal propulsion was determined for each group of mice. H&E staining was used to observe pathological changes in gastric tissue. PAS staining was used to observe glycogen changes in gastric tissue. Pepsin activity was determined by colorimetry. pH value of gastric contents was measured by acid-base titration. Transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze the differential genes in gastric tissue, a volcano map and a cluster heat map were made for the differential genes, and KEGG was used to analyze the signal pathway enrichment of the differential genes. RT-qPCR verified the differential genes obtained by screening. RESULTS:After treatment with TpCqD, the body weight and average food intake of mice with food accumulation increased (P<0.05), and the intestinal propulsion rate and gastric emptying speed of mice with food accumulation accelerated (P<0.05). TpCqD could protect gastric tissue structure and glycogen degradation, increase pepsin activity (P<0.05), and reduce gastric content pH (P<0.05). Transcriptome results showed that TpCqD could regulate the expression of Acox2 and cilp2, regulate fat digestion and absorption, protein digestion and absorption, and pancreatic secretion signals. RT-qPCR showed that compare with model group, TpCqD up-regulated Acox2 (P<0.05) and down-regulated the mRNA level of cilp2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:TpCqD ameliorated digestive dysfunction in mice with high-calorie and high-protein diets leading to food accumulation involving the regulation of the fat and sugar metabolism genes Acox2 and cilp2, and pancreatic secretory signaling.

Progress in the application of AIT in allergic airway diseases / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT) is to identify the patient's allergen, give the patient repeated exposure to the allergen extract, and gradually increase the concentration and dose until the target maintenance dose is reached, so that the patient can develop tolerance to the allergen, which is the only treatment that can regulate the pathogenesis of allergic diseases and change its natural course. In recent years, domestic and foreign scholars have made great progress in the clinical practice and research field of AIT. This article reviewed the relevant progress of the mechanism, efficacy and drug administration of AIT.

Effect of miR-141-5p/ZNF705A on adhesion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in chronic myeloid leukemia cell-derived exosomes / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effect of miR-141-5p/ZNF705A in chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)cell-derived exosome(Exo)on the adhesion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs). Methods The morphology and size of Exo in peripheral blood from CML patients and K562 cells were examined by electron microscopy and NTA particle size analysis. The expressions of Exo and BMSCs marker molecules and adhesion proteins in K562 cells were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot before and after transfection. The adhesion ability of BMSCs was detected by cell adhesion assay, and the cellular activity of BMSCs was examined using CCK-8. miR-141-5p binding to ZNF705A was detected by luciferase assay. Results qRT-PCR results showed that miR-141-5p expression was significantly reduced in both CML patients and K562 cell-derived Exo. qRT-PCR, Western blot and other results showed that BMSCs in CML patients had significantly reduced the expression of adhesion proteins CD44 and CXCL12, and were able to phagocytose K562 cell-derived Exo. Further, K562-derived Exo was found to reduce CD44 and CXCL12 expression and adhesion in Exo-promoted BMSCs compared with CD34+ cells. Meanwhile, the results of dual luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-141-5p targeted binding to ZNF705A. Finally, we found ZNF705A could be targeted by up-regulating miR-141-5p expression in Exo of K562 cells, which in turn inhibited the adhesion of BMSCs. Conclusions K562 cells down-regulate miR-141-5p expression in Exo and inhibit the adhesion function of BMSCs by targeting ZNF705A, thus regulating the bone marrow hematopoietic function in CML patients.

Effect of naringenin regulating RIP1-RIP3-MLKL signaling pathway on apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome / 中国药理学通报

Aim Based on the apoptotic pathway mediated by receptor interacting protein kinase(RIP)1-RIP3-mixed spectrum kinase domain like protein(MLKL), to explore the effects of naringenin on ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). Methods SD rats were randomly assigned into normal control group, model group, naringenin group, RIP1 inhibitor(Nec-1)group, RIP1-RIP3-MLKL necrosis signal activator(Z-VAD-fmk)group, naringenin+Z-VAD-fmk group, 15 rats per group. ELISA method was performed to measure the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in ovarian tissue. HE method was performed to observe the shape of the ovary. Granular cells were isolated from ovarian tissue, and flow cytometry was performed to measure apoptosis rate and necrosis rate. Immunohistochemistry was performed to measure the positive expression of p-RIP1 in ovarian tissue. Western blot was employed to detect the expression of RIP1-RIP3-MLKL pathway. Results RIP1 specific inhibitor Nec-1 and naringenin could block the phosphorylation and activation of RIP1, inhibit the RIP1-RIP3-MLKL signaling pathway, reduce the inflammation level in PCOS rats, and alleviate the necrosis and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells(P<0.05). Z-VAD-fmk could promote the activation of RIP1-RIP3-MLKL pathway, aggravate the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells, and partially weaken the anti-apoptosis effect of naringenin(P<0.05). Conclusions Naringenin may inhibit the apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in PCOS rats by blocking the activation of the necrotic apoptotic pathway mediated by RIP1-RIP3-MLKL.

The neuroprotective effects of Haikun Shenxi capsule medicated serum on N2a/APP695 cells based on PINKl-Parkin mitophagy pathway / 中国药理学通报

Aim To research the neuroprotective effect of Haikun Shenxi (HKSX) medicated serum on N2a/ App695 cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods HKSX medicated serum was prepared and carbohydrate components in it was analyzed using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) . N2a/ App695 cells were intervened with HKSX medicated serum, the cytotoxicity of HKSX medicated serum was measured by MTT; AP[_

Mechanism of Wen Shen Xuan Bi Tang in treatment of osteoporosis based on network pharmacology and animal experimental verification / 中国药理学通报

Aim To predict and validate the mechanism of wenshen xuanbi tang(WSXBT) in treatment of osteoporosis (OP) based on network pharmacology, molecular docking techniques and in vivo experimental techniques. Methods Network pharmacology was used to screen the key ingredients and core targets of WSXBT for the treatment of osteoporosis. Metascape database was used for gene ontology (GO) biological process enrichment analysis and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) signaling pathway enrichment analysis of core targets. AutoDockTools 1. 5. 7 software was applied in molecular docking to simulate the binding activity of key active ingredients to core targets. To study the efficacy of WSXBT on rats with osteoporosis and to verify the related targets and pathways, rat models of osteoporosis were established by excising the bilateral ovaries of rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum OPG, PINP and RANKL content. Biomechanical tester was applied to test the biomechanics of rat femurs. Micro-CT was applied to detect the femoral bone density. Then, Western blot was employed to measure the protein expression levels of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (Akt). Results A total of 156 active ingredients of WSXBT were screened, involving 229 potential targets, 23 core targets and 145 signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that five key ingredients, including quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, isobavachin and licochalcone a, possessed good binding ability to the core targets of PIK3R1 and AKT1. The results of in vivo experiments showed that WSXBT could significantly increase bone density, improve bone tissue microstructure, enhance femur biomechanics and increase PINP expression and OPG/RANKL ratio in rats with osteoporosis. Results of WB showed that WSXBT significantly increased p-PI3K/PI3K and p-Akt/Akt ratios. Conclusions WSXBT could improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal osteoporotic rats through PI3K/ Akt signaling pathway and increasing OPG/RANKL ratio.