A Case of Frontal Mococele Treated with Transblepharoplasty Approach Combined with Endoscopic Approach

In recent years, endoscopic sinus marsupialization has become the treatment of choice for the treatment of paranasal sinus mucoceles due to its noninvasiveness and successful outcome. However, mucoceles located at the lateral portion of the frontal sinus and protruding into the orbit with erosion of the frontal sinus floor arestill difficult to address with standard endoscopic sinus surgery techniques. Here, we report a case of a mucocele located atthe lateral side of the frontal sinus and successfully marsupialized with a transblepharoplasty approach combined with an endoscopic approach.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for the Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease

PURPOSE: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is known as a major contributor of the worsening of ischemic symptoms and the foot ulceration in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD). However, there are few studies reporting the prevalence and risk factors for PN in PAOD. This study aimed to evaluate these issues for PN and to establish the importance of screening as additional treatment target for PN in PAOD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 52 limbs with PAOD were enrolled from January 2011 to December 2012. PN was divided into radiculopathy, ischemic PN (IPN), and diabetic PN (DPN), based on electromyographic findings. We investigated the prevalence of overall PN and subtypes of PN and then analyzed the risk factors. RESULTS: The prevalence of overall PN in PAOD was 43 of 52 limbs (82.7%). In terms of subtypes of PN, the prevalence rate of radiculopathy and IPN was 30.8% and 23.1%, respectively. DPN showed in 22 limbs (73.3%) among 30 diabetic limbs. There was no significant correlation between each type of PN and ischemic symptoms. Our analysis showed that coronary artery disease (CAD) was a significant risk factor (P=0.01) for IPN, however, did not identify any significant risk factors for DPN. CONCLUSION: This present study indicated that most patients with PAOD had PN and CAD was a risk factor for IPN. In particular, PAOD with diabetes represented a higher prevalence for DPN. Our study suggests that PN should be evaluated and considered as another treatment target in patients with PAOD.

A Case of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Sphenoid Sinus

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney which takes up 85% of primary malignant renal tumors. RCC commonly metastasize to the lung, regional lymph nodes, bone, liver, and head and neck sites in decreasing order. Although RCC is the third most common infraclavicular neoplasm (after lung cancer and breast cancer) which metastasizes to the head and neck, it is a rare situation that RCC metastasize to the paranasal sinuses. In this paper, we report a case of metastatic RCC involving the sphenoid sinus after radical nephrectomy with a review of literature.

A Case of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma in the Sphenoid Sinus

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the kidney which takes up 85% of primary malignant renal tumors. RCC commonly metastasize to the lung, regional lymph nodes, bone, liver, and head and neck sites in decreasing order. Although RCC is the third most common infraclavicular neoplasm (after lung cancer and breast cancer) which metastasizes to the head and neck, it is a rare situation that RCC metastasize to the paranasal sinuses. In this paper, we report a case of metastatic RCC involving the sphenoid sinus after radical nephrectomy with a review of literature.

A Case of Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor in the Nasal Cavity

A primitive neuroectodermal tumor is a highly malignant, small, round-cell tumor characterized by a neuroectodermal origin and poor prognosis. These tumors are found in nervous tissue in children and adolescents. The thoracopulmonary region is known to be the most common site of this disease, and it is rare that a primitive neuroectodermal tumor would occur in the nasal cavity. We report a case of a primitive neuroectodermal tumor in the left nasal cavity with a review of relevant literature.

A Case of Actinomycosis of the Hypopharynx / 대한이비인후과학회지

Actinomycosis is a rare form of disease caused by Actinomyces such as A. israelii and A. bovis, which may take the form of an acute or a subacute disease progression. Clinically, it is categorized into cervicofacial, thoraxic, abdomen, pelvis, and systemic infections, of which cervicofacial infection accounts for 50%. It presents as a challenging clinical diagnostic dilemma because of variable presentations in the head and neck. Actinomycosis of the hypopharynx is rare. We report a case of actinomycosis in the posterior hypopharyngeal wall presenting as a dysphagia in a 72-year-old woman with a review of the literature.

Availability of Korean Hearing in Noise Test (KHINT) in Children / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Individuals with similar degrees of hearing impairment frequently show significantly different speech understanding in noise stimulation. A Korean version of the Hearing in Noise Test (KHINT) has been developed to assess the ability to recognize speech in noise. However, sentences in KHINT have been designed for subjects older than 16 years old and there have been no reports on KHINT related to the effect of age in the children younger than that age. The objective of this study was to evaluate the result of KHINT in children. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: One hundred one children between 7 and 16 years with no otologic history and normal hearing were included in this study. KHINT was conducted under the following four different conditions: speech in the quiet environment, with noise in the front, with noise in the right or in the left. The mean reception threshold for speech (RTS) in the quiet condition and signal to noise ratio (SNR) in the noisy condition were measured under four different conditions. RESULTS: There was no correlation between age and RTS. However, SNR with noise in the front, left and right conditions, as well as composite SNR, showed significant decrease with the decreasing age of children. CONCLUSION: According to KHINT, children showed decreased speech with decreasing age. Therefore, a separate KHINT with correlation factors to assess children's functional hearing ability in noise should be developed.

The Characteristics and Treatment of Bone Loss after Liver Transplant / 대한이식학회지

BACKGROUND: Bone loss after liver transplant (LT) is a long-term problem associated with an increased morbidity due to pathologic fractures. We reviewed our management of post-LT bone loss. METHODS: We collected retrospective data from 82 adult LT recipients between January 2006 and December 2009 who had preoperative and postoperative (12 to 24 months) bone mineral density (BMD) data measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BMD was decreased in 52 out of 82 patients before LT. These patients were managed with calcium plus alendronate, calcium only, or no treatment. We compared the efficacy of these three modalities and the factors influencing BMD changes and investigated the incidence of pathologic fractures. RESULTS: In decreased BMD patients (n=52), the postoperative spinal BMD was increased with all three treatment modalities. A more significant increase was found with ALN treatment (+0.103) compared to NO treatment (+0.029) (P-value: 0.016). However, femoral BMD decreased despite ALN treatment. Alendronate use was a significant factor for post-LT spinal BMD improvement in the univariate and multivariate analysis. There were significant newly-developed pathologic fractures after LT especially in osteoporotic patients (28%). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly alendronate with daily calcium may be helpful for the spinal bone mineral protection in preoperative patients with decreased BMD.

The Characteristics and Treatment of Bone Loss after Liver Transplant / 대한이식학회지

BACKGROUND: Bone loss after liver transplant (LT) is a long-term problem associated with an increased morbidity due to pathologic fractures. We reviewed our management of post-LT bone loss. METHODS: We collected retrospective data from 82 adult LT recipients between January 2006 and December 2009 who had preoperative and postoperative (12 to 24 months) bone mineral density (BMD) data measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). BMD was decreased in 52 out of 82 patients before LT. These patients were managed with calcium plus alendronate, calcium only, or no treatment. We compared the efficacy of these three modalities and the factors influencing BMD changes and investigated the incidence of pathologic fractures. RESULTS: In decreased BMD patients (n=52), the postoperative spinal BMD was increased with all three treatment modalities. A more significant increase was found with ALN treatment (+0.103) compared to NO treatment (+0.029) (P-value: 0.016). However, femoral BMD decreased despite ALN treatment. Alendronate use was a significant factor for post-LT spinal BMD improvement in the univariate and multivariate analysis. There were significant newly-developed pathologic fractures after LT especially in osteoporotic patients (28%). CONCLUSIONS: Weekly alendronate with daily calcium may be helpful for the spinal bone mineral protection in preoperative patients with decreased BMD.