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Objective:To analyze the HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance among newly reported HIV/AIDS cases before antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Hangzhou.Methods:Blood samples were collected from newly diagnosed HIV-1/AIDS cases not receiving ART in Hangzhou from 2020 to 2022. HIV-1 pol gene was amplified and then sequenced. A phylogenetic tree was construct using MEGA7.0 software to analyse the HIV-1 subtypes, The sequences were submitted to the Stanford University drug resistance database to identify drug resistance mutation sites and drug sensitivity. Results:A total of 2 700 sequences were obtained. Twelve subtypes were identified, and the predominant subtypes were CRF07_BC (46.8%, 1 263/2 700) and CRF01_AE (34.6%, 933/2 700). The overall drug resistance rate before ART was 8.1% (220/2 700) and the resistance rates to protease inhibitors (PIs), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were 2.8% (75/2 700), 1.3% (36/2 700) and 4.4% (119/2 700), respectively. Among the 220 drug-resistant cases, mutations conferring resistance to PIs (Q58E), NRTIs (M184V/I) and NNRTIs (K103N/S and E138A/G/K/Q) were detected in 47 (21.4%), 13 (5.9%), 42 (19.1%) and 41 (18.6%) patients, respectively.Conclusions:HIV-1 genotypes were highly complex in newly reported HIV/AIDS cases in Hangzhou from 2020 to 2022. There were cases showing moderate or high resistance to backbone drugs before ART, indicating that HIV-1 monitoring should be strengthened to avoid treatment failure and reduce the spread of drug-resistant strains.
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Objective@#To understand the AIDS knowledge,attitudes and practices of freshmen in Hangzhou and to provide evidence for prevention and control of AIDS in university students.@*Methods@#Freshmen who enrolled in 2015 in a comprehensive university in Hangzhou were recruited by convenience sampling method and surveyed by a questionnaire about AIDS knowledge,attitudes and practices. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for awareness of AIDS knowledge among freshmen.@*Results@#There were 1 999 respondents recruited,with a response rate of 95.19%. The awareness rates of basic and extend AIDS knowledge were 97.90% and 30.67%,respectively. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that residence（OR=1.210,95%CI：1.006-1.456）,average or good family economic status（OR：1.874-3.027,95%CI：1.255-7.300）,receiving AIDS/STD related education（OR=1.717,95%CI：1.407-2.097）and receiving AIDS/STD related counselling in the past year（OR=1.786,95%CI：1.033-3.088）were the promotive factors for awareness of AIDS knowledge among freshmen. About 48.50% of freshmen thought they were impossible to be infected with AIDS,and 47.10% of them thought they were less likely to be infected with AIDS. About 0.90% of freshmen had sexual experience,fifteen,two and one of them experienced their first sex with girlfriend/boyfriend,homosexual partners and casual sex partners,respectively;nine of them used condoms in their first sex. The proportions of receiving AIDS/STD related services among freshmen ranged 2.00% from 37.77%.@*Conclusion@#The freshmen have a poor understanding of AIDS,weak awareness of HIV infection risk,high-risk behaviors for STDS/AIDS and receive insufficient AIDS prevention and intervention measures.