Mechanism of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction on myocardial infarction based on network pharmacology and experimental validation / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effects of Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Decoction (ZXGD) in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) using the network pharmacology method and verifying by in vivo experiments and to reveal the underlying mechanism. Methods The chemical components of ZXGD and related targets were retrieved from the TCMSP database. The targets of MI were searched from the GeneCards, OMIM and DisGeNET databases, with the keywords " myocardial infarction" and "MI", and removing duplicates. The intersection of ZXGD and MI targets were obtained, and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network based on the intersection of active ingredients and disease targets was constructed. The DAVID database was used to conduct GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on the intersection targets. Combined with STRING database and Cytoscape 3.7.2 software, the intersection targets were visualized as a " medicine-component-target-disease" network. The MI mouse model was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery of the heart. ZXGD was given once a day for 14 days. The cardioprotective effects of ZXGD were examined by ultrasound cardiogram and Western blot. Results The results of network pharmacology analysis showed that the pharmacological components of ZXGD such as quercetin, naringenin, β-sitosterol, and luteolin maybe work on the targets like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, VEGFA, and IL-10. Animal experiments found that compared with the model group, ZXGD significantly increased the left ventricular cardiac function, outflow tract blood flow, and other ultrasound indexes of the mice (P < 0.05). Moreover, the expression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in myocardial infarction tissue were significantly down-regulated by ZXGD (P < 0.05), while the expression level of IL-10 was significantly up-regulated (P < 0.05). Conclusion ZXGD protects against MI and improves heart function by regulating inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10.

Research progress of cyclic peptide synthesis strategy and its application in new drug development / 药学学报

Protein-protein interaction (PPI) plays an important role in the regulation of life. Most of the PPI interfaces are large and discontinuous, and it is difficult for small molecules to specifically bind to them. Peptides are critical in PPI surface interactions due to their higher affinity and specificity. However, peptides have some defects such as easy hydrolysis by protease and poor membrane permeability. Due to good biocompatibility and chemical diversity, cyclic peptides play an important role in drug discovery. Therefore, the development of efficient cyclic peptide construction methods has become a frontier issue in peptide drug research. In recent years, a series of new progresses have been made in the synthesis strategy and the application of cyclic peptides, providing powerful technical tools for the research and development of cyclic peptide drugs. In this review, the synthesis strategies of cyclic peptides and their application will be reviewed from four aspects: synthesis strategies, property improvement, biological activity and prospect.

Efficacy of artificial liver support system in treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure: A network Meta-analysis / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of different artificial liver support systems in the treatment of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) using a network Meta-analysis. Methods PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane library, Clinical Trial, CNKI, SinoMed, and Wanfang Data were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on different artificial liver support systems in the treatment of ACLF. Literature screening, data extraction, and method ological quality assessment were performed according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and Stata15.1 software and R4.1.0 software were used to perform a network Meta-analysis. Results A total of 14 RCTs were included, with 1141 patients in total. The network meta-analysis showed different intervention methods had no significant difference in reducing mortality rate based on cross comparison (all P > 0.05). The probability ranking diagram showed that plasma exchange (PE) showed the best effect in reducing 30-day mortality rate, followed by extracorporeal liver assist device (ELAD), fractionated plasma separation and adsorption with Prometheus system, molecular adsorbent recirculating system (MARS), Biologic-DT liver dialysis device, and PE+MARS. PE showed the best effect in reducing 90-day mortality rate, followed by Prometheus, ELAD, and MARS. Biologic-DT showed the best effect in improving hepatic encephalopathy, followed by MARS, PE+MARS, and ELAD. Patients undergoing ELAD had the lowest risk of bleeding, and compared with standard medical treatment, Biologic-DT might increase the risk of bleeding [risk ratio=1.9×10 8 , 95% confidence interval: (4.6-6.2)×10 27 ]. Conclusion PE might be the best option for reducing 30- and 90-day mortality rates in ACLF patients. Biologic-DT has a better effect in improving hepatic encephalopathy, but it may increase the risk of bleeding.

Toxicity comparison of psoralen in 2D /3D hepatocyte models and its effect on mitochondrial fusion and fission / 中国药理学通报

Aim To evaluate and compare the toxicity of psoralen on two-dimensional(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)cultured human hepatocyte HepG2 models. Methods The 3D cell model of HepG2 cells was constructed by low adsorption U-shaped bottom porous plate method. After treated with psoralen for 24 hours, the cell viabilities of 2D and 3D HepG2 cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, LDH leakage was detected by kit, and the mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by TMRM staining. The effect of psoralen on the mRNA of mitochondrial fusion-fission proteins DRP1, Mfn-2 and OPA1 was detected by Q-PCR. Results 3D model maintained a high level of albumin and urea secretion for a long time. And the expression levels of CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A4 and UGT1A1 in 3D model were higher than those in 2D model. In 3D model lower concentrations of psoralen showed a significant decrease in cell viability, a significant increase in LDH leakage, and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential. Q-PCR results showed that psoralen induced a marked increase in the expression of mitochondrial fission protein DRP1, while a significant decrease in mitochondrial fusion protein OPA1. Conclusions A 3D HepG2 cell model is successfully constructed and applied to the evaluation of psoralen hepatotoxicity; the 3D cell culture model is more sensitive to psoralen toxicity, and mitochondria may play a key role in psoralen-induced cell damage.

Transoral robotic nasopharyngectomy for local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the safety, efficacy, locally control and survival results of transoral Da Vinci robotic surgery for salvage treatment of locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: This retrospective study included 33 patients with locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stage rT1-2, partial rT3) underwent transoral Da Vinci robotic surgery between October 2017 and January 2020. There were 20 males and 11 females, with an average age of (47.9±10.5) years. The lesions were localized in nasopharyngeal cavity in 14 cases, with extending to parapharyngeal space in 6 cases and the floor of sphenoid sinus in 13 cases. Transnasal endoscopy was used to assist surgery if necessary. SPSS 25.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Transoral robotic nasopharyngectomy was successfully performed in all cases without conversion to open surgery, of which 13 cases were combined with transnasal endoscopic surgery. The average operation time was (126.2±30.0) min, ranging from 90 to 180 min. The postoperative pathological margin was R0 (31 cases) and R1 (2 cases), with no tumor residue. Complications of surgery mainly included symptoms of headache, nasal dryness and velopharyngeal insufficiency without nasopharyngeal hemorrhage. Follow-up time was from 3 to 54 months. One case had tumor recurrence 11 months after operation, 1 case had ipsilateral cervical lymph node metastasis 27 months after operation, 2 cases had distant metastasis and 1 case died of nasopharyngeal hemorrhage 3 months after operation. The 1-year, 2-year and 3-year overall survival rates were 97.0%, 96.0% and 92.9%, respectively and the local recurrence free rates were 97.0%, 95.7% and 91.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Transoral robotic nasopharyngectomy is safe and feasible for local recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma in selected patients, with higher local control rate and quality of life.

Sleep quality and sleep disturbances in Chinese pregnant women: a multicenter cross-sectional study / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: This study aims to investigate the sleep quality of pregnant women in Xuhui District, Shanghai, and the related factors of sleep disturbances during pregnancy. Methods: From February 2019 to February 2021, we used online integrated sleep questionnaire (including PSQI, BQ, ESS, AIS) in Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospitals of China Welfare Institution, and Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, to investigate the sleep quality across pregnancy. We also collected maternal physical examination results, childbearing history, sociodemographic, and other clinical data. The prevalences and related factors of various sleep disturbances in pregnant women were analyzed, including insufficient/excessive nighttime sleep, low sleep efficiency, difficulty falling asleep, poor sleep quality, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and high risk of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Results: This study includes 1 898 cases in the first trimester (T1), 3 099 cases in the second trimester (T2), and 1 539 cases in the third trimester (T3). Poor sleep quality (38.6%), daytime sleepiness (mild 41.9%, moderate 17.7%, severe 2.1%), and suspicious insomnia (32.3%) are most prevalent among women in T1 (P<0.01). In comparison, short sleep time (2.7%), long sleep time (8.6%), difficulty falling asleep (12.2%), poor sleep efficiency (35.4%), very poor sleep quality (6.7%), clinical insomnia (21.8%), and high-risk SDB (6.4%) are most prevalent among women in T3 (P<0.05). During pregnancy, late gestation (OR=1.016, 95%CI: 1.006-1.025) and multiple induced/drug abortions (OR=1.329, 95%CI: 1.043-1.692) are risk factors for poor sleep quality (PSQI>5), while multiple full-term deliveries (OR=0.800, 95%CI: 0.675-0.949) is its protective factor. Advanced maternal age (OR=0.976, 95%CI: 0.956-0.997), multiple full-term deliveries (OR=0.808, 95%CI: 0.680-0.959), late gestation (OR=0.983, 95%CI: 0.974-0.992) and hypertension (OR=0.572, 95%CI: 0.401-0.814) are protective factors for daytime sleepiness (ESS>6). The high-risk pregnancy category (OR=9.312, 95%CI: 1.156-74.978) is a risk factor for insomnia (AIS≥4), while multiple full-term deliveries (OR=0.815, 95%CI: 0.691-0.961) is its protective factor. High BMI (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.270-1.402) and hypertension (OR=4.427, 95%CI: 2.539-7.719) are risk factors for high-risk SDB in pregnant women. Conclusions: The prevalences of various sleep disturbances are high throughout pregnancy. Noticeably, symptoms of maternal SDB develop along with pregnancy. Different types of sleep disturbances are associated with different factors. Women of high-risk pregnancy category, in late gestation, with high BMI, hypertension, a history of induced/drug abortion, or without a history of full-term delivery can be at high risk of sleep disturbances during pregnancy.

Effects of astragalus polysaccharide on depressive behaviors and hippocampal Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on depressive behaviors, hippocampal damage and Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway in rats. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, depression group, APS low dose group and APS high dose group. Rats (except the control group) underwent chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for 28 days. The depressive behaviors were assessed by tail suspension test, forced swim test and sucrose preference test. The histopathological changes of the hippocampus were valuated by HE staining. Levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) protein and Nrf2 mRNA were measured. The hippocampal levels of oxidative stress were evaluated. Results Compared with the control group, the depression group showed significant depressive behaviors and hippocampal damage. The depression group had higher levels of Nrf2 and MDA, but lower levels of HO-1, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px than the control group. However, APS does-dependently attenuated the hippocampal damage and depressive behaviors, increased hippocampal levels of Nrf2, HO-1, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px, but decreased hippocampal levels of MDA in rats. Conclusions APS can attenuate CUMS-induced hippocampal damage and depressive behaviors in rats, and the effects may be associated with the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway.

Effect of denatured collagen type on endothelial cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis-related proteins expression / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To reveal the effect of denatured collagen type on the endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis-related proteins expression. Methods • Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on the plates coated with normal collagen (normal collagen group), half concentration normal collagen (half collagen group) or denatured collagen (denatured collagen group). CCK-8 assay was performed to test cell proliferation ability two days later. The effect of collagen on cell migration was measured by scratch test. The expressions of membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by Western blotting. The expressions of angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1) and Ang-2 were measured by ELISA. Results • CCK-8 results showed that the proliferation activity of denatured collagen group was significantly higher than that of normal collagen group and half collagen group (P<0.05). Cell migratory capacity was increased in denatured collagen group, of which the scratch was almost covered after 16 h. The protein expressions of MT1-MMP and VEGF were significantly higher in denatured collagen group than those in the other two groups (P<0.05), in which the concentration of Ang-2 was also higher than that in normal collagen group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in the concentration of Ang-1 among the three groups. Conclusion • Denatured collagen type can promote proliferation, migration and MT1-MMP, VEGF, and Ang-2 expressions in endothelial cells, suggesting that collagen denaturation may play an active role in the process of angiogenesis during wound healing.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with surgically altered anatomy: An advance / 第二军医大学学报

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important technique for the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic disorders. ERCP in the patients with surgically altered anatomy (SAA) is more technically demanding with high risks of procedural failure and complications, and it is challenging for the endoscopists. Recently, the development of endoscopic devices and the improvement of operator skills have led to SAA-ERCP progresses. The success rate of ERCP and the incidence of complications are similar to those of the patients with normal anatomy. This paper reviews the recent advances on SAA-ERCP, including the effectiveness and safety, and endoscopy and assisted techniques, and summarizes the clinical features of SAA-ERCP.

Analysis on the epidemiology and etiology characteristics of first imported Chikungunya fever case in Henan Province in 2017 / 中华预防医学杂志

To study the epidemiology and etiology characteristics of first imported Chikungunya fever case in Henan province, China, 2017. The patient was confirmed by Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infected as CHIKV ribonucleotide was continuously detected in his serum specimens. BHK-21 cell line was used for virus isolation, the strain was named CHIKV/Henan001/2017. CHIKV/Henan001/2017 belonged to genotype ECSA. The highest ribonucleotide homology sequence of highly conserved region E1 with CHIKV/Henan001/2017 was hk02 strain (99.8%), who was an imported strain to Hong Kong, China, 2016. Epidemiological information and laboratory testing confirmed it was an imported Chikungunya fever case in Henan province, 2017. No secondary case has been reported.

Effect analysis of posterolateral combined with posteromedial approach in patients with posterior Pilon fracture / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To explore the effect of posterolateral combined with posteromedial approach in patients with posterior Pilon fracture. Methods The clinical data of 16 posterior Pilon fracture patients who had underwent posterolateral combined with posteromedial approach treatment from June 2014 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results The patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months (average 14 months). There were no complications of incision infection, skin necrosis and nerve damage. All the fractures were healed. The fracture healing time was 12 to 24 weeks (average 16 weeks), and no loosening or breakage of the implant was observed. Claw toes deformity occurred in 1 case 6 months after surgery, and the symptom improved after tendon lengthening surgery. According to American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring system, the results of ankle function were excellent in 8 cases, good in 5 cases, and fair in 3 cases. Conclusions The posterolateral combined with posteromedial approach for treatment of posterior Pilon fracture can achieve satisfactory clinic effects because it has many advantages such as good exposure, easy reduction and fixation, less invasion of soft tissue and so on.

Genetic Polymorphisms and Mutations of 30 Y-STR Loci in Chinese Han Population / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the genetic polymorphisms and mutations of 30 Y-STR loci in Chinese Han males and to evaluate its forensic application.@*METHODS@#The DNA extracted from blood samples of 1 005 unrelated males and 1 008 father-son pairs （1 949 individuals in all） in Chinese Han population were typed using developed 30 Y-STR loci identification system. The parameters of population genetics and the mutation rates of each locus were analysed statistically.@*RESULTS@#A total of 983 haplotypes were found in 1 005 unrelated males from Chinese Han population, of which 963 were unique. The overall haplotype diversity （HD） and discrimination capacity （DC） were 0.999 955 and 0.978 109, respectively. Totally 340 alleles were detected on 30 Y-STR loci, the value of gene diversity （GD） ranged from 0.410 3 to 0.952 3. The GD values of 24 out of the 30 loci were over 0.6. There were 30 269 allele transfers in 1 008 father-son pairs, one mutation in 68 father-son pairs, and the mutation of three father-son pairs occurred at two loci. On 26 Y-STR loci, 74 mutations were detected in 71 father-son pairs. The average mutation rates were 2.4×10⁻³ （95% CI： 1.9×10⁻³-3.1×10⁻³）. Seventy-three mutation events were one-step mutation （98.6%）, 1 mutation event was two-step mutation （1.4%）.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The multiplex PCR system with 30 Y-STR loci has high genetic polymorphism and low mutation rates in Chinese Han males. Therefore, the system shows important values in Y-STR database construction and population genetic research.

Effects of liraglutide on glucose induced expression of miRNA-146b-3p, inflammatory factors and COX-2 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective • To investigate the effects of liraglutide on glucose induced expression of miRNA-146b-3p, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Methods • HUVECs were grown in the medium with glucose of high concentration (25 mmol/L) or normal concentration (7 mmol/L) for 24 h, then stimulated with liraglutide. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to detect the expression of miR-146b-3p, IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2. The expression of IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 were detected after HUVECs were transfected with anti-miR-146b-3p. Results • The expression of miR-146b-3p was decreased in high glucose induced cells, while the expression of IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 were increased. Silenced expression of miR-146b-3p increased the expression of IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2. Liraglutide increased the expression of miR-146b-3p and decreased the expression of IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2 in high glucose induced cells. Conclusion • Liraglutide may relieve inflammation and improve vascular endothelial function in hyperglycemia condition through regulating miR-146b-3p to decrease expression of IL-6, TNF-α and COX-2.

Laboratory diagnosis and molecular tracing of dengue bordline cases in Henan Province, 2017 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To confirm the laboratory diagnosis of dengue bordline cases reported in Henan Province and trace its origin from molecular level in 2017.@*Methods@#The study samples were blood samples (3-5 ml), which came from 8 suspected cases of dengue fever reported in the 2017 direct reporting system of Henan provincial infectious disease monitoring network. Meanwhile, case investigation was conducted according to National dengue fever surveillance programme. Serum were separated from blood samples and tested for Dengue NS1 antigen, IgM & IgG antibodies, and dengue RNA. According to dengue diagnosis criteria, confirmed cases were identified by testing results. Samples carried dengue RNA performed for real-time PCR genotyping and amplification of E gene. Then, the amplicons were sequenced and homological and phylogenetic analyses were constructed.@*Results@#8 serum samples of suspected dengue cases were collected in Henan Province, 2017. Six of them were diagnosed as dengue confirmed cases. All the dengue confirmed cases belonged to outside imported cases, 5 of them were positive by dengue RNA testing. Genotyping results showed there were 1 DENV1 case, 2 DENV2 cases and 2 DENV3 cases. A DENV2 case and a DENV3 case of this study were traced its origin successfully. The sequence of Pakistan imported DENV2 case belongs to cosmopolitan genotype, which was the most consistent with Pakistan's DENV2 KJ010186 in 2013 (identity 99.0%). The sequence of Malaysia imported DENV3 case belongs to genotype I, which was the most consistent with Singapore's DENV3 KX224276 in 2014(identity 99.0%).@*Conclusion@#The laboratory diagnosis and molecular traceability of dengue cases in Henan Province in 2017 confirmed that all cases were imported and did not cause local epidemics.

Surveillance of avian influenza virus in poultry environment in Henan Province, 2013-2017 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To monitor the environmental contamination with avian influenza virus (AIV) in Henan Province. Methods Environmental samples were collected every month from seven moni-toring sites in Henan from 2013 to 2017. Real-time RT-PCR method was performed to detect the nucleic acid of influenza A (Flu A), H5, H7 and H9 viruses in poultry environmental samples. Results A total of 2538 environmental samples were collected and 202 (7. 96％ ) of them were positive for Flu A nucleic acid, including 16 positive for H5 (0. 63％ ), eight positive for H7 (0. 32％ ) and 161 positive for H9 (6. 34％ ). The detection rate of Flu A increased dramatically from 2013 to 2017 except for a small fluctuation in 2015. However, H7 subtype AIV was detected only in 2015 and 2017. The highest detection rate of AIV was in February, followed by that in January. Among different environments, the highest detection rate of Flu A was in live poultry market, which was 13. 69％ , followed by that in poultry slaughtering plant (2. 58％ ) and poultry farm (0. 58％ ). The detection rates of Flu A in swab samples of poultry plucker and cutting board, stool specimens and poultry drinking water were 28. 57％ , 13. 76％ , 5. 70％ and 5. 26％ , respectively.Conclusion Contamination of H5 / H7 / H9 AIV did exist in poultry environment in Henan and was getting worse. Increasingly diversified sources and sale channels were the main causes of serious contamination of AIV. In order to effectively prevent and control human infection with AIV, live poultry in areas where human infection with AIV was confirmed should be blocked and banned to be sold to others areas.

Characteristics of molecular typing and drug resistance of 67 Salmonella paratyphi A isolated in Zhengzhou from 2013 to 2015 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the antimicrobial resistance and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of S.paratyphi A strains in Zhengzhou city isolated from sentinel hospitals in 2013-2015.@*Methods@#According to Salmonella molecular typing and K-B drug susceptibility testing method published by international PulseNet bacterial infectious disease monitoring network and USA Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI2015), we analyzed drug sensitivity and PFGE molecular characteristics of 67 S.paratyphi A strains(11 strains in 2013, 7 strains in 2014, 49 strains in 2015) isolated from blood and stool samples in two sentinel hospitals of fever with rash syndrome surveillance system established in Zhengzhou city in 2013-2015.@*Results@#The results showed 67 strains of S.paratyphi A had different levels of resistance to 13 kinds of antibiotics, 65 strains were multi-drug resistant strains (97.0%), 5 isolates were resistant to 2-3 kinds of antibiotics (7.5%), 41 isolates were resistant to 5-8 kinds of antibiotics (61.2%),11 isolates were resistant to 9-10 kinds of antibiotics(16.4%),8 isolates were resistant to 11-12 kinds of antibiotics(11.9%). 67 strains of S.paratyphi A were divided into 10 molecular patterns(PTYA1-PTYA10) by digestion with XbaⅠ restriction endonuclease and pulsed field gel electrophoresis, each pattern contains 1-48 strains with similarity ranged from 94.31%-100%. PTYA3 contained 48 strains, which was predominant band type; PTYA1, 9 contained 6 strains; PTYA 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 contained 1 strains among them.@*Conclusion@#The status of drug resistance of clinical isolates of S.paratyphi A in Zhengzhou city was rather serious, PFGE patterns showed diversity and dominant characteristics. The PFGE patterns of partial strains and its corresponding anti-drug spectrum have certain relevance and cluster relationship.

Characteristics of drug resistance and molecular typing for Salmonella enteritidis isolated in He'nan Province from 2013 to 2015 / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the etiological,antimicrobial resistance status and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of S.enteritidis strains in Henan Province.Methods Totally 82 strains of S.enteritidis strains were isolated from seven sentiel hospitals which were able to detect multiple pathogens from April,2013 to December,2015.According to Salmonella K-B drug susceptibility testing and molecular typing method published by the USA clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (2015),the drug sensitivity to 7 kinds of antimicrobial agents and PFGE molecule characteristics of 82 S.enteritidis strains were tested.The PFGE patterns were analyzed by BioNumerics 6.0 software based on international PulseNet bacterial infectious disease monitoring network.Results Forty-seven strains of S.enteritidis were isolated from male patients,35 strains isolated from female patients.A total of 56 S.enteritidis strains were isolated from young children aged from 0 to 5 years old,including 29 strains isolated from 6 months to 2 years old.The strains were mainly isolated between May and November of the year,and 15 (18.3％) strains were isolated between March and April,27(32.9％) strains between May and July,34 (41.5％) strains between August and October,6 (7.3％) strains were isolated in the rest time of the year,with a typical seasonal characteristics of summer and autumn.Sxity-four (78.0％)strains of S.enteritidis were resistant to ampicillin;23 (28.0％) strains were resistant to ceftazidime;39 (47.6％) strains were resistant to cefotaxime:13 (15.9％) strains were resistant to cefepime;55 (67.1％) strains were resistant to nalidixic acid;24 (29.3％) strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin;32 (39.0 ％) strains were resistant to gentamicin;14 (17.1 ％) strains were resistant to chloramphenicol;47 (57.3％) strains were resistant to methicillin benzyl ammonium;13 (15.9％) strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim;21 (25.6 ％) strains were resistant to tetracycline.All strains weremuhi-drug resistant,and 21 (25.6％) isolates were resistant to 3-4 kinds of antibiotics,32 (39.0％)isolates were resistant to 5-6 kinds of antibiotics, 29 (35.4 ％) isolates were resistant to 7-8 kinds ofantibiotics.These 82 strains of S.enteritidis were divided into 25 molecular patterns by digestion withXba Ⅰ enzyme.Each pattern contained 1 to 26 strains with similarity ranged from 59.33％-100.00％.EN1 and EN2 were the main PFGE belt types and included 26 and 16 strains,respectively.Conclusions The drug resistance of clinical isolates of S.enteritidis in Henan province is serious.PFGE patterns show polymorphism and the dominant patterns,part of which are associated with drug-resistance spectrum and show aggregation.

Current status of research on glucocorticoid-induced mouse models of osteoporosis / 中国比较医学杂志

Glucocorticoid is a kind of steroids hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex zona fasciculate or artificially synthesized. It can mediate the synthesis and metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid and protein and has the function of inhibiting immune response and anti-inflammation, anti-toxic and anti-shock effects. However, long-term intake of corticostereoid hormone will result in bone loss, even severe osteoporosis, and increase the risk of fracture. As a result the research on the mechanisms of osteoporosis become more and more necessary. Now, according to the differences in establishment methods, there are three approaches, i. e. pellet implantation, drinking water and injection. As a result of the only partial similarity between different osteoporosis models and humans, there is a special application of each type of animal model of osteoporosis. The osteoporosis in glucocorticoid-induced model is mainly caused by modulating incretion, promoting bone absorption and inhibiting the osteoblast differentiation. In the meanwhile, compared with the other animal models, genes in mice are closer to humans, and they have many advantages in cost, gene and cell techniques. Therefore, glucocorticoid-induced mouse models of osteoporosis has a great significance in osteoporosis research. This article will review the establishment methods of glucocorticoid-induced mouse models of osteoporosis.

Characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Henan province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the characteristics regarding temporal,spatial and spatiotemporal distribution on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Henan province.Methods Surveillance data related to SFTS was collected in Henan province,from year 2014 to 2016.Descriptive method was used to analyze the distribution of SFTS.1.7.0 software related to the Public health geographic information system (PHGIS),was applied to draw the spatial distribution map of SFTS.Chi-square test was used to compare the different incidence rates.Results A total of 2 781 SFTS cases,including 34 deaths,were reported in Henan province from 2014 to 2016,with an average annual fatality rate as 1.22％.There were statistically significant differences for the incidence rates of SFTS between different years (P＜0.01).Cases were mainly concentrated from April to October,which accounted for 96.66％ of the total number,with the incidence peak seen in May.Incidence rates of SFTS in spring,summer,autumn were higher than that in winter.The cases were scattering around in 26 counties of 8 cities.Xinyang city reported 2 714 cases,accounting for 97.59％ of the total number of cases in the province.The average annual incidence rate in Xinyang city was 17.22 per 100 000,much higher than that for the whole Henan province (0.98 per 100 000),with statistically significant difference (P＜0.01).Six counties reported having death cases,that accounted for 23.08％ of the total number of counties,reported to have death cases.Two kinds of incidence patterns of SFTS were noticed in Henan province,with aggregation in some local regions or sporadic in individual counties.The number of counties with reporting cases increased annually.The epidemic area was expanding and gradually spreading from south to north areas of the province.Conclusions SFTS was characterized with both temporal and spatial clusters in Henan province.Effective prevention and control measures should be made in accordance with the spatiotemporal distribution and the trend on SFTS.

Characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Henan province / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the characteristics regarding temporal,spatial and spatiotemporal distribution on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Henan province.Methods Surveillance data related to SFTS was collected in Henan province,from year 2014 to 2016.Descriptive method was used to analyze the distribution of SFTS.1.7.0 software related to the Public health geographic information system (PHGIS),was applied to draw the spatial distribution map of SFTS.Chi-square test was used to compare the different incidence rates.Results A total of 2 781 SFTS cases,including 34 deaths,were reported in Henan province from 2014 to 2016,with an average annual fatality rate as 1.22％.There were statistically significant differences for the incidence rates of SFTS between different years (P＜0.01).Cases were mainly concentrated from April to October,which accounted for 96.66％ of the total number,with the incidence peak seen in May.Incidence rates of SFTS in spring,summer,autumn were higher than that in winter.The cases were scattering around in 26 counties of 8 cities.Xinyang city reported 2 714 cases,accounting for 97.59％ of the total number of cases in the province.The average annual incidence rate in Xinyang city was 17.22 per 100 000,much higher than that for the whole Henan province (0.98 per 100 000),with statistically significant difference (P＜0.01).Six counties reported having death cases,that accounted for 23.08％ of the total number of counties,reported to have death cases.Two kinds of incidence patterns of SFTS were noticed in Henan province,with aggregation in some local regions or sporadic in individual counties.The number of counties with reporting cases increased annually.The epidemic area was expanding and gradually spreading from south to north areas of the province.Conclusions SFTS was characterized with both temporal and spatial clusters in Henan province.Effective prevention and control measures should be made in accordance with the spatiotemporal distribution and the trend on SFTS.