Antipyretic Effect of Herba Ephedrae-Ramulus Cinnamomi Herb Pair on Yeast-Induced Pyrexia Rats: A Metabolomics Study / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the antipyretic mechanism of Herba Ephedrae (Eph)-Ramulus Cinnamomi (RC) herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 30 qualified male SD rats were randomly assigned to the normal control (NC) group, the pyrexia model (model) group, the Eph, RC and Eph-RC treatment groups by a random digital table, 6 rats in each group. Each rat received a 20% aqueous suspension of yeast (10 mL/kg) except the NC group. The 3 treatment groups were administered 8.1, 5.4 and 13.5 g/kg Eph, RC and Eph-RC respectively at 5 and 12 h after yeast injection, the NC group and the model groups were administered equal volume of distilled water. Rectal temperatures were measured at 0, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24 and 30 h and urine was collected prior to yeast injection and at 6, 10, 18, 24, 30, and 36 h after yeast injection. Then urine metabolomic profiling by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, coupled with multivariate statistical analysis and pattern recognition techniques were used to explore the antipyretic effects of Eph-RC. Partial least squares discriminate analysis was used to analyze the metabolomics dataset including classification and regression in metabolomics plot profiling.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the NC group, rectal temperatures were significantly higher in the model group (P<0.01), while 3 treatment groups decreased significantly compared with the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Rectal temperatures of Eph-RC-treated rats started to go down at 6 h, and markedly decreased at 8, 12, 15, 18 and 24 h (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while those of the Eph and RC groups had decreased firstly at 8 h and were markedly lower at 12 h (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Seventeen potential biomarkers related to pyrexia were confirmed and identified, including pyruvic acid, L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, phenylacetic acid, hippuric acid, succinic acid, citrate and so on. Eight potential alterations of metabolic pathways including phenylalanine metabolism, citrate cycle, tryptophan metabolism, biosynthesis of valine, leucine and isoleucine, were identified in relation to the antipyretic effects of Eph-RC using MetPA software.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The antipyretic effect of Eph-RC herb pair on yeast-induced pyrexia in rats involved correction of perturbed amino acid, fatty acid, and carbohydrate metabolism according to the metabolic pathway analysis with MetPA.</p>

Evaluation of antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Armadillidium vulgare Latreille / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of the aqueous extract of Armadillidium vulgare (AV).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antinociceptive effect of AV (400, 600 and 800 mg/kg) was investigated in mice using the acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced nociceptive, and hot plate tests. Phlogogen-induced paw edema using carrageenan, dextran, or compound 48/80 as phlogogen was used as inflammatory models to evaluate AV's anti-inflammatory effect. Additionally, the bioactive substances glucosamine (GLcN) and taurine in AV were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Oral treatment of the mice with AV (600 and 800 mg/kg) significantly reduced the number of writhes in the acetic acid-induced writhing test (P<0.01) but not the hot plate test (P>0.05). All doses tested significantly inhibited paw-withdrawal during the second phase of the formalin-induced nociceptive model (P<0.01). AV demonstrated a strong anti-inflammatory effect in all those inflammatory models (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>AV has antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, providing scientific evidence of the efficacy of its traditional use in pain treatment. Furthermore, GLcN and taurine contribute, at least in part, to the anti-inflammatory activity of AV.</p>

Antipyretic and anti-asthmatic activities of traditional Chinese herb-pairs, Ephedra and Gypsum / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Mahuang-Shigao herb-pair is a famous formula composed of Ephedra and Gypsum. The herb-pair is frequently used for treating cold symptoms and bronchial asthma in the clinical practice of Chinese medicine (CM). In the present study, we evaluated evidence for the benefit of combined use of Ephedra and Gypsum by analyzing the antipyretic and anti-asthmatic activities of Ephedra-Gypsum.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The antipyretic effects of Ephedra-Gypsum were evaluated in yeast-induced hyperthermia test. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, including control group, standard aspirin group, and 3 Ephedra- Gypsum groups of different doses (6, 12, 24 g/kg). Ephedra-Gypsum extract and asprin were administered orally 6 h after the injection of yeast solution and body temperature was measured every 1 h for 8 h. The antiasthmatic effects of Ephedra-Gypsum were evaluated using an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthmatic rat model. Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. Rats were alternately sensitized and OVA+Al(OH) challenged by exposure to mists of ovalbumin. Ephedra-Gypsum extracts (6, 12, 24 g/kg) or dexamethasone were administered 45 min prior to the allergen challenge for 8 days. Latent period and the weight of wet to dry ratio of lung were determined. In addition, the eosinophils in blood and white blood cell (WBC) were counted by an YZ-Hemavet Analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The Ephedra-Gypsum extracts at test dose (6, 12, 24 g/kg) significantly and dose-dependently attenuated yeast-induced fever in rats. The Ephedra-Gypsum extracts also prolonged the latent period, reduced OVA-induced increases in eosinophils and WBC, and decreased the wet and dry weight ratio of the lungs in the anti-asthmatic test.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>These findings indicate that the Ephedra-Gypsum extract has antipyretic and anti-asthmatic properties. Hence, the results support additional scientific evidence in prescriptions.</p>

Changes in plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion characteristics before and after combined administration of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum / 中国中药杂志

In this study, UPLC-MS/MS was adopted to determine the contents of five ephedrine alkaloids (Norephedrine, Norpseudoephedrine, Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Methylephedrine) in plasma and urine in rats after the combined administration of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum and calculate relevant pharmacokinetic parameters, in order to discuss the effect of the combined administration of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum on plasma pharmacokinetics and urinary excretion characteristics. According to the results, after being combined with Gypsum, the five ephedrine alkaloids showed similar pharmacokinetic changes, such as shortened t(max), accelerated absorption rate, but reduced AUC(0-t) and V(z)/F, which may be related to the increase in urine excretion. Besides, Gypsum was added to enhance C(max) of Pseudoephedrine and prolong MRT(0-t) of Methylephedrine, so as to enhance the anti-asthmatic effect of Ephedrae Herba and resist the toxic effect of Norephedrine and Ephedrine. This study proved the scientific compatibility of Ephedrae Herba-Gypsum Fibrosum and provided a reference for studies on the prescription compatibility regularity and relevant practices.

Effect of Herba ephedrae, honey-fried Herba ephedrae and Maxingshigan decoction on pentobabital sodium sleep experiment in mice / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Herba ephedrae, honey-fried Herba ephedrae and Maxingshigan decoction on pentobabital sodium sleep experiment in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Kunming mice were divided into 11 groups, namely normal saline (NS) group, ephedrine group, 3 Herba ephedrae dose (high, medium, and low) groups, 3 honey-fried Herba ephedrae dose group, and 3 Maxingshigan decoction dose groups. The corresponding drugs were administered intragastrically for 6 consecutive days, and 45 min after the final administration, the mice received intraperitoneal injection of pentobabital sodium, and the latent period and continuous sleeping time were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with high- and low-dose Herba ephedrae groups, Maxinshigan decoction containing equivalent Herba ephedrae significantly increased the sleeping time of the mice (P<0.05). In comparison with NS, the decoction at medium and low doses produced no significant changes in the sleeping time, which, however, was significantly shortened in the other 8 groups (P<0.05). Compared with Herba ephedrae, Maxingshigan decoction and honey-fried Herba ephedrae at equivalent doses showed comparable effects on the sleep latency (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under the condition of this experiment and with pentobabital sodium-induced sleeping time as the index, honey-fried Herba ephedrae shows no obvious effect in reducing the excitement of the central nervous system, while Maxingshigan decoction can significantly lower the excitement level, the effect of which is inversely correlated to the dose administered.</p>

Qualitative analysis of the main chemical constituents of shuanghuanglian injection powder and their origin by HPLC-ESI/MS/MS spectrometry / 药学学报

This paper is to report the analysis of the main chemical constituents of Shuanghuanglian injection powder and determination of their origin. The sample solution was analyzed by a Zorbax C18 column with a gradient mobile phase comprised of methanol and 0.25% acetic acid solution. Both UV and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detector were used simultaneously, -Q1-scan detection mode was evaluated for the identification of the LC peaks. To analyze the mass spectrum of every LC peaks, 43 molecular mass from the ion chromatogram of Shuanghuanglian injection powder were identified and among them, structure of 20 compounds were elucidated, and the data were sorted to the three component herbs, separately.

Analysis of the chemical constituents of Hedyotis diffusa / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the chemical constituents of Hedyotis diffusa.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Column chromatographies were used to isolate and purify the chemical constituents of this plant, and their structures were identified by spectral analysis and physicochemical properties.</p><p><b>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</b>Seven compounds were isolated and identified as p-coumaric acid (I), methyl-p-coumarate (II), 2-formyl-5- hydroxymethylfuran (III), quercetin (IV), kaempferol (V), beta-sitosterol(VI) and daucosterol(VII), respectively, among which the compounds II and III were isolated from Hedyotis diffusa for the first time.</p>

Preparation and in vitro dissolution of the solid dispersions of cinnamon oil / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare sustained-release capsules of cinnamon oil with stearic acid, polyethylene glycol 6000 and gluceryl monostearate.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After the solid dispersion of cinnamon oil was prepared by melting method, the effects of the process variables and formulation variables on solid dispersion and dissolution were investigated. The formulation and preparation process of cinnamon oil solid dispersion were optimized by orthogonal design, and Fourier-transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was employed to detect the possible molecular interaction between cinnamon oil and the adjuvants.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The in vitro release percentage of the optimized formula complied with the Higuchi equation, and the preparation allowed drug delivery for 12 h. Analysis with FTIR spectroscopy revealed interactions between cinnamon oil and the adjuvents and formation of the solid dispersion.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The solid dispersion capsules prepared through this simple and well reproducible process allow obviously sustained release of cinnamon oil.</p>

Removal of the template molecules from vinblastine-imprinted polymer / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the optimal condition for complete removal of the template molecules from vinblastine (VLB)-imprinted polymer.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The prepared polymers were packed into the cartridges of solid-phase extraction column and washed by methanol-glacial acetic acid mixture with different proportions. The contents and recoveries of VLB in the effluents were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Polymer extraction with methanol-glacial acetic acid (9:1, V/V) resulted in VLB recovery of 91.73%, but template bleeding was observed because of incomplete VLB removal. Using methanol-glacial acetic acid (6:4, V/V) as the extraction solvent, the recovery of VLB reached 98.03% with less solvents and extract times. The polymers could selectively adsorb VLB through non-covalent interactions and still exhibited strong affinity for the template molecule but not for the structural analogue vincristine after extraction with methanol-glacial acetic acid (6:4, V/V).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Methanol-glacial acetic acid (6:4, V/V) is an ideal extract solvent for complete template molecule removal from the polymers, and the processed polymers possess stable capacity of specific recognition and selectivity to the template.</p>

Effects of among compositions of Herba Ephedrae decoction on genic xpression of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, IL-4 and leukotriene C4 in asthmatic mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the regularity of recipe composition by observing inhibitory effects on the genic expression of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein, IL-4 and the leukotriene C4 in asthmatic mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The mice were challenged with OVA and administered ig with the Herba Ephedrae decoction (HED), separated compositions (2500 mg x kg(-1), calculated by Herba Ephedrae) and dexamethasone (2 mg x kg(-1)) respectively once daily for seven days. The real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR method was employed to measure the contents of FLAP mRNA and IL-4 mRNA expressions in lung and the ELISA method was used to determine the content of LTC4 in the washing solution of pulmonary alveolus and bronchi.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In the lung of asthma mice, the expressions of FLAP and IL-4 and the content of LTC4 were significantly augmented compared with the control group. The HED and the separated compositions could suppress the expressions of FLAP and IL-4 and LTC4 release to a great extent in mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The HED had the remarkable effects of antianaphylaxis asthma and the original formula HED worked best. These results confirmed the rationality and scientific level of HED.</p>

Preparation and in vitro evaluations of topically applied capsaicin transfersomes / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Capsaicin transfersomes were prepared and its quality specifications were evaluated.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Capsaicin transfersomes were prepared by high shear dispersing machine and evaluated on the entrapment efficiency, drugs release rate and in vitro skin permeation.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Capsaicin transfersomes is composed of single unilamellar vesicles, with average size of 150.6 nm. Capsaicin entrapment efficiency achieved 96.7% while concentration of lecithin used was 8%. cumulative release amount of capsaicin was in direct proportion to the ethanol concentration in the medium. The in vitro rate cumulative penetration rate of capsaicin was higher in transfersomes than in cream and suspension in rats. Adomen skin cumulative penetration rate in vitro of capsaicin transfersomes in mouse was significantly higher than that from rat and men. In the same way,cumulative penetration rate in vitro of capsaicin transfersomes through abdomen skin epidermal membrance was significantly higher than that with derma and full skin in men.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Entrapment efficiency of capsaicin transfersomes reached 96.7%, meeting the criterion of China pharmacopia( > 80%), skin penetration of capsaicin was enhanced by a capsaicin transfersomes preparation and was affected by diverse characters and levels of skin.</p>

Study on application of activated carbon in paclitaxel injection / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To inspect the effect of activated carbon with different dosage and temperature on quality of paclitaxel injection.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Determinations in WS1-(X-026)-2001Z-paclitaxel injection were refered to compare the effect of different dosage and temperature for activated carbon on the taxol content, related material, clarity and bacterial endotoxin.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>When used with 0.25% and 35 degrees C, activated carbon will ensure the quality of paclitaxel injection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>0.25% and 35 degrees C are the best condition when activated carbon is used in paclitaxel injection.</p>

Research on the influence of compatibility on fingerprint of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in mahuang decoctions by HPLC / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To set up the HPLC fingerprint of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in decoctions prepared from various combinations of the recipe named Mahuang decoctions and study the influence of compatibility on fingerprint of G. wralensis in decoctions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The RP-HPLC method was used, chromatography conditions were Zorbax SB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), the acetonitrile-1.2% acetic acid (gradient elution) as mobile phase and detective wavelength at 254 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The method is stable and reliable with a good reproducibility and provides a reference standard for the quality control of G. uralensis, it can be used to determine the fingerprint of G. aralensis in Mahuang decoctions. The result showed that 8 peaks were common in the fingerprint of G. uralensis in Mahauang decoctions. The area changes of 8 common peaks in decoctions prepared from various combinations of Mahuang decoctions were studied.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The fingerprint of G. uralensis in Mahuang decoctions is markedly influenced by herba ephedrae and ramulus cinnamomi and semen armeniacae amarum. The areas of 7 common peaks were reduced obviously, while the relative areas of 6 common peaks were increased remarkably.</p>

Effects of D-limonene and L-limonene on transdermal absorption of ligustrazine hydrochloride / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effects and permeation mechanism of D-limonene and L-limonene on transdermal delivery of ligustrazine hydrochloride (LH).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Transdermal flux of LH through porcine skin was determined in vitro by Franz-type diffusion cells. The peak shift and peak areas of C-H stretching vibration absorption were estimated by Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR). Morphological changes in the stratum corneum (SC) treated with enhancers were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and apparent density, a new concept, was proposed to estimate the desquamated extent of SC for the first time.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were no statistic difference (P > 0.05) between the transdermal fluxs of the enantiomer enhancers which were higher than those of control and azone. But the lag time of L-limonene was 2.55 times than that of D-limonene. The FTIR results revealed that the shift and decreased peak area of C-H stretching vibrations in the SC lipids were dependent on the enhancers. The enantiomers permeation enhancers, D-limonene and L-limonene, were able to perturb and extract the SC lipids to different extent. The disordering and extracting lipids activity of L-limonene was stronger than that of D-limonene. SEM studies demonstrated that the extraction of lipids was depended on the selected penetration promoters.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>D-limonene was the most effective enhancer which had the greater transdermal flux of LH and the least lag time. The results showed that the permeation enhancement mechanism of the enantiomer enhancers to LH was multiple ones including disordering and extracting the SC lipids and probably including stereoselective mechanism.</p>

Isolation of the chemical constituents from Shuanghuanglian injection and their structural identification / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of Shuanghuanglian injection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Chromatography and spectral analysis were performed to isolate and identify the chemical constituents respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</b>Seven compounds were isolated from Shuanghuanglian injection, including chlorogenic acid (I), caffeic acid (II), chrysophanol (III), physcion (IV), rutin (V), baicalein (VI) and glucose (VII). The compounds III, IV, V and VII were isolated and identified in Shuanghuanglian injection for the first time.</p>

Preparation and in vitro and in vivo evaluations of topically applied capsaicin transfersomes / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To prepare capsaicin transfersomes and evaluate them in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Capsaicin transfersomes were prepared by high shear dispersing machine and evaluated by entrapment efficiency, release rate, in vitro skin permeation and distribution in different tissues in vivo.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Capsaicin transfersomes were composed of single unilamellar vesicles with an average diameter of 150.6 nm. Capsaicin entrapment efficiency increased distinctly with increasing of concentration of lecithin and entrapment efficiency is 96.7% while concentration of lecithin to 8%. Cumulative release amount of capsaicin is in direct proportion to the ethanol concentration in the receptor medium. In vitro capsaicin cumulative penetration amount showed higher levels in transfersomes than cream and suspension in rat abdominal skin. Abdominal skin cumulative penetration amount in vitro of capsaicin transfersomes in mouse was significantly higher than that from rat and men. In the same way, abdominal skin epidermal membrane cumulative penetration amount in vitro of capsaicin transfersomes was significantly higher than that from derma and full skin in human abdominal skin. The capsaicin tissue distribution of capsaicin injection by multiple celiac injections in rats is different: bone > plasma > skin > muscle. There is a similar result by multiple thigh topical application of capsaicin transfersomes: bone > skin > plasma > muscle.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Entrapment efficiency of capsaicin transfersomes reached the criterion of China Pharmacopoeia (> 80%) and capsaicin skin penetration can be increased by capsaicin transfersomes. It should be noted that the diverse characters and levels of skin may probably affect the permeating capability of capsaicin. Capsaicin tissue distribution in bone and muscle is similar and is different in plasma and skin by multiple injections and topical skin apply.</p>

Effects of compositions of Mahuang decoction on chemotaxis and leukotriene production from neutrophils in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the regularity of recipe composition by observing inhibitory effects of disassembled compositions of Mahuang decoction (MHD) on chemotaxis and leukotriene production from neutrophils in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Neutrophil aggregation was induced by intraperitoneal injection of glycogen in rats. Intraperitoneal lavage fluid (PLF) was collected and neu-trophils were removed. Neutrophils were stimulated by calciumionophore A23187 in vitro to produce leukotriene B4. The concentrations of leukotriene B4 was measured by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), chemotatic chamber assay was used to investigate the regulative role of MHD on chenmotaxis of the neutrophils in response to LPS stimulation.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Disassembled compositions of MHD could inhibite chemotaxis and leukotriene production from neutrophils in rats. Inhibitory effects of MHD on mast cells were different.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MHD has significantly inhibitory effects on chemotaxis and leukotriene production from neutrophils in rats. The original formula (MHD) works best. These results have confirmed the rationality and scientific level of MHD.</p>

Effect on pharmacokinetics of pseudo-ephedrine in human plasma among herbs in Mahuang decoction / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop a GC-MS method for the determination of pseudo-ephedrine in human plasma and study the mutative rules of the pharmacokinetic parameters of the pseudo-ephedrine in different compositions.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Orthogonal design was used to determine 8 compositions from Mahuang decoction (MHD). The healthy volunteers were divided into groups in random, each group including 8 men. After taking the medicine orally, vena blood would be taken out at different time. Determining pseudo-ephedrine in plasma and plotting the concentration-time curve, the pharmacokinetic parameters of each composition were calculated by WinNonlin 4.0.1. The statistical analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters was proceeded by SPSS 10.0.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>All concentration-time curves were adequately modeled by one compartment, first order absorption model, no lag time. Some parameters of pseudo-ephedrine showed significant variance (P < 0.05) in different compositions. The statistic results showed interactions between drugs in MHD (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The other herbs erds of MHD have some certain extent effects to the pharmacokinetic parameters of pseudo-ephedrine in the dominant drug.</p>

Experimental study on anti-pyretic effect of gegen qin lian decoction and its compounds / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate composition principles of Gegen Qin Lian decoction through anti-pyretic experiment.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Pharmacological effects of different compounds of Gegen Qin Lian decoction according to six hours temperature response index (TRI6) and average top temperature response height (deltaT) after the decoction was given to feverish animal model by inactived bacteria suspension.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>As for reducing six hour temperature response index, Scutellaria baicalensis root was the main effective drug. Pueraria lobata root could enforce the effect while Coptis chinensis rhizome and Glycyrrhiza uralensis root counteracted it. As for reducing average top temperature response height, the Effects of four herbal drugs were the same as for TRI6.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Of the compounds of Gegen Qin Lian decoction, as to the pharmcological anti-pyretic effects, the best one is the compound of Scutellaria baicalensis and Pueraria lobata roots.</p>