Application of a Self-management Mobile Platform in Rehabilitation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To design a mobile health platform with the features of continuity, interactivity and involvement, which is suitable for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); and to test the effect of this platform which is expected to prolong the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation for patients with COPD. Methods:From March to June, 2016, 67 patients with COPD from department of respiration in our hospital were enrolled. They were divided into control group (n = 33) and intervention group (n = 34). The control group received the routine self-management intervention and the intervention group received the mobile health platform to carry out the dynamic, continuous and targeted pulmonary rehabilitation therapy and self-management intervention. They were assessed with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1%), COPD Assessment Test (CAT), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC) and Self-management Scale. Results:No statistical differences was found on all the indexes between two groups before intervention (t < 0.945, χ2 = 2.044, P > 0.05). One month after intervention, the score of CAT decreased (t = 4.921, P < 0.001), and was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (t = 3.508, P = 0.001); the score of mMRC improved (χ2 = 7.937, P < 0.05), but no difference was found between two groups (χ2 =1.018, P > 0.05); the score of Self-management Scale significantly increased (t = -5.650, P < 0.001), and was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group (t = 4.812, P < 0.001). Conclusion:The continuous, interactive and participatory mobile health platform designed in this study could effectively improve the quality of life and self-management ability of COPD patients, and prolong the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation.

Advances in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurosurgical emergency with coagulation disorders / 中国医学科学院学报

Neurosurgical emergencies including intracranial hemorrhage and head trauma have high mortality and morbidity rates and meanwhile are often accompanied with coagulation disorders. On one hand, coagulation disorder follows traumatic brain injury;on the other hand, the increasing use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet treatment for cardiovascular diseases increases the risk of death among patients with brain trauma or bleeding. Once the intracranial pressure increases, such patients need emergency surgical intervention, but coagulation disorder is a relative contraindication. This article reviews the pathogenesis and treatment of coagulation disorders in patients with neurosurgical emergency. It also analyzes clinical monitoring indices for such patients and their variations and summarizes the strategies and measures of perioperative management.

All-trans retinoic acid effectively inhibits breast cancer stem cells growth in vitro / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the inhibitory effect of all-trans retinoic acid(ATRA) on breast cancer stem cells (CSCs).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The inhibitory effect of ATRA on MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 cell lines was analyzed using a Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). The proportion of CD44(+)CD24(-) tumor cells of the two cell lines were measured before and after the ATRA treatment, and the role of ATRA in the regulation of CSC self-renewing ability was evaluated with a tumor sphere assay. The tumor spheres were grown in an adherent culture to evaluate the ATRA-induced differentiation of breast cancer stem cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ATRA effectively inhibited the unsorted cells and stem cells, but the CSCs were more sensitive to ATRA. At a concentration of 10(-6) mol/L, the inhibitory rate of MCF-7 unsorted cells and stem cells were (8.66 ± 1.06)% and (21.09 ± 3.25)%, respectively (P = 0.004). For SK-BR-3 cells, the rates were (39.19 ± 1.47)% and (51.22 ± 2.80)%, respectively (P = 0.005). The self-renewing ability of the CSCs was impaired by ATRA at a concentration of 10(-6) mol/L. The rate of MCF-7 and SK-BR-3 stem cells to form tumor sphere was 5.2% (5/96) and 13.5% (13/96), respectively. For the control group, it was 86.5% (83/96) and 93.8% (90/96), respectively (P < 0.001). ATRA also promoted the CD44(+)CD24(-) subpopulation to differentiate. SK-BR-3 stem cells were grown in an adherent culture. After using ATRA, the proportion of CD44(+)CD24(-) cells was (48.1 ± 2.5)% and that of the control group was (86.6 ± 2.5)% (P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>ATRA effectively inhibits breast NCSCs and CSCs, but CSCs are more sensitive to ATRA. ATRA impairs the self-renewing ability of CSCs and promotes CSCs to differentiate.</p>

Anti-tumor effect of oncolytic herpes simplex virus G47delta on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 癌症

Oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) can replicate in and kill cancer cells without harming normal tissue. G47delta is a third-generation HSV vector. In this study, the therapeutic effects of G47delta on human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were determined in vitro and in vivo. The human NPC cell lines CNE-2 and SUNE-1, primary normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NPECs), and immortalized nasopharyngeal cells NP-69 and NPEC2/Bmi1 were infected with G47delta at different multiplicities of infection (MOIs). The survival of infected cells was observed daily. Two subcutaneous models of NPC were established with CNE-2 and SUNE-1 in Balb/c nude mice. G47delta or virus buffer as control was injected into the subcutaneous tumors. Tumor size was measured twice a week, and animals were euthanized when the diameter of their tumors exceeded 18 mm or when the animals appeared moribund. For the NPC cell lines CNE-2 and SUNE-1, more than 85% and 95% of cells were killed on day 5 after G47delta infection at MOI = 0.01 and MOI = 0.1, respectively. Similar results were observed for an immortalized cell line NPEC2/Bmi-1. A moderate effect of G47delta was also found on another immortalized cell line NP-69, of which only 27.7% and 75.9% of cells were killed at MOI = 0.01 and MOI = 0.1, respectively. On the contrary, there was almost no effect observed on NPECs. The in vivo experiments showed that tumors in mice in the G47delta-treated group regressed completely, and the mice exhibited much longer survival time than those in the control groups. Our results suggest that the potential therapeutic effects of G47delta would be applicable for treatment of NPC patients in the future.